메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 150, 2019, Pages

Mechanistic insights into the effect of humidity on airborne influenza virus survival, transmission and incidence

Author keywords

Aerosol; Environment; Flu; Humidity; Temperature; Transmission

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; DROPS; METEOROLOGY; TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSIONS;

EID: 85061324673     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0298     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (321)

References (83)
  • 2
    • 77953632582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of absolute humidity in the inactivation of influenza viruses on stainless steel surfaces at elevated temperatures
    • McDevitt J, Rudnick S, First M, Spengler J. 2010 Role of absolute humidity in the inactivation of influenza viruses on stainless steel surfaces at elevated temperatures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 3943-3947. (doi:10.1128/aem.02674-09)
    • (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.76 , pp. 3943-3947
    • McDevitt, J.1    Rudnick, S.2    First, M.3    Spengler, J.4
  • 3
    • 62549130378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality
    • Shaman J, Kohn M. 2009 Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3243-3248. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0806852106)
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 3243-3248
    • Shaman, J.1    Kohn, M.2
  • 4
    • 77649141786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States
    • Shaman J, Pitzer VE, Viboud C, Grenfell BT, Lipsitch M. 2010 Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States. PLoS Biol. 8, e1000316. (doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 1000316)
    • (2010) PLoS Biol , vol.8
    • Shaman, J.1    Pitzer, V.E.2    Viboud, C.3    Grenfell, B.T.4    Lipsitch, M.5
  • 5
    • 84947272742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health
    • Davis RE, McGregor GR, Enfield KB. 2016 Humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health. Environ. Res. 144, 106-116. (doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.014)
    • (2016) Environ. Res. , vol.144 , pp. 106-116
    • Davis, R.E.1    McGregor, G.R.2    Enfield, K.B.3
  • 6
    • 85041568875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - An overview
    • Wolkoff P. 2018 Indoor air humidity, air quality, and health - an overview. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 221, 376-390. (doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.01.015)
    • (2018) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , vol.221 , pp. 376-390
    • Wolkoff, P.1
  • 7
    • 79551498118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using the systematic review methodology to evaluate factors that influence the persistence of influenza virus in environmental matrices
    • Irwin CK, Yoon KJ, Wang C, Hoff SJ, Zimmerman JJ, Denagamage T, O'Connor AM. 2011 Using the systematic review methodology to evaluate factors that influence the persistence of influenza virus in environmental matrices. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 1049-1060. (doi:10.1128/aem.02733-09)
    • (2011) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.77 , pp. 1049-1060
    • Irwin, C.K.1    Yoon, K.J.2    Wang, C.3    Hoff, S.J.4    Zimmerman, J.J.5    Denagamage, T.6    O'Connor, A.M.7
  • 8
    • 0029729918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure
    • Alduchov OA, Eskridge RE. 1996 Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteorol. 35, 601-609. (doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035,0601:IMFAOS.2.0.CO;2)
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.35 , pp. 601-609
    • Alduchov, O.A.1    Eskridge, R.E.2
  • 9
    • 3242655672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of aerosol particles composed of protein and salts with water vapor: Hygroscopic growth and microstructural rearrangement
    • Mikhailov E, Vlasenko S, Niessner R, Poschl U. 2004 Interaction of aerosol particles composed of protein and salts with water vapor: hygroscopic growth and microstructural rearrangement. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4, 323-350. (doi:10.5194/acp-4-323-2004)
    • (2004) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.4 , pp. 323-350
    • Mikhailov, E.1    Vlasenko, S.2    Niessner, R.3    Poschl, U.4
  • 10
    • 0035115645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of C-reactive protein in the human respiratory tract
    • Gould JM, Weiser JN. 2001 Expression of C-reactive protein in the human respiratory tract. Infect. Immun. 69, 1747-1754. (doi:10.1128/IAI.69.3. 1747-1754.2001)
    • (2001) Infect. Immun. , vol.69 , pp. 1747-1754
    • Gould, J.M.1    Weiser, J.N.2
  • 12
    • 0034714216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of pulmonary surfactant components in surface film formation and dynamics
    • Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP. 2000 Role of pulmonary surfactant components in surface film formation and dynamics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1467, 255-270. (doi:10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00256-X)
    • (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1467 , pp. 255-270
    • Veldhuizen, E.J.1    Haagsman, H.P.2
  • 13
    • 0001600540 scopus 로고
    • Airborne micro-organisms: Survival tests with four viurses
    • Harper GJ. 1961 Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viurses. J. Hyg. Cambridge 59, 479-486. (doi:10.1017/S0022172400039176)
    • (1961) J. Hyg. Cambridge , vol.59 , pp. 479-486
    • Harper, G.J.1
  • 14
    • 0017599750 scopus 로고
    • Cold-adapted variants of influenza virus A: I. Comparison of the genetic properties of ts mutants and five cold-adapted variants of influenza virus A
    • Spring SB, Maassab HF, Kendal AP, Murphy BR, Chanock RM. 1977 Cold-adapted variants of influenza virus A: I. Comparison of the genetic properties of ts mutants and five cold-adapted variants of influenza virus A. Virology 77, 337-343. (doi:10.1016/0042-6822(77)90430-5)
    • (1977) Virology , vol.77 , pp. 337-343
    • Spring, S.B.1    Maassab, H.F.2    Kendal, A.P.3    Murphy, B.R.4    Chanock, R.M.5
  • 16
    • 7344221002 scopus 로고
    • Thermal inactivation of animal viruses
    • Woese C. 1960 Thermal inactivation of animal viruses. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 83, 741-751. (doi:10. 1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb40943.x)
    • (1960) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.83 , pp. 741-751
    • Woese, C.1
  • 17
    • 40949088194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive ordering with decreasing temperature of the phospholipids of influenza virus
    • Polozov IV, Bezrukov L, Gawrisch K, Zimmerberg J. 2008 Progressive ordering with decreasing temperature of the phospholipids of influenza virus. Nat. Chem. Biol. 4, 248-255. (doi:10.1038/ nchembio.77)
    • (2008) Nat. Chem. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 248-255
    • Polozov, I.V.1    Bezrukov, L.2    Gawrisch, K.3    Zimmerberg, J.4
  • 18
    • 84855293871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid stability of the hemagglutinin protein regulates H5N1 influenza virus pathogenicity
    • DuBois RM, Zaraket H, Reddivari M, Heath RJ, White SW, Russell CJ. 2011 Acid stability of the hemagglutinin protein regulates H5N1 influenza virus pathogenicity. PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002398. (doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002398)
    • (2011) PLoS Pathog , vol.7
    • DuBois, R.M.1    Zaraket, H.2    Reddivari, M.3    Heath, R.J.4    White, S.W.5    Russell, C.J.6
  • 19
    • 84874761652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza HA subtypes demonstrate divergent phenotypes for cleavage activation and pH of fusion: Implications for host range and adaptation
    • Galloway SE, Reed ML, Russell CJ, Steinhauer DA. 2013 Influenza HA subtypes demonstrate divergent phenotypes for cleavage activation and pH of fusion: implications for host range and adaptation. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003151. (doi:10.1371/journal. ppat.1003151)
    • (2013) PLoS Pathog , vol.9
    • Galloway, S.E.1    Reed, M.L.2    Russell, C.J.3    Steinhauer, D.A.4
  • 20
    • 0023018955 scopus 로고
    • Time and temperature dependence of influenza virus membrane fusion at neutral pH
    • Haywood AM, Boyer BP. 1986 Time and temperature dependence of influenza virus membrane fusion at neutral pH. J. Gen. Virol. 67, 2813-2817. (doi:10.1099/0022-1317-67-12-2813)
    • (1986) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.67 , pp. 2813-2817
    • Haywood, A.M.1    Boyer, B.P.2
  • 21
    • 84861394598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets
    • Imai M et al. 2012 Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature 486, 420. (doi:10.1038/nature10831)
    • (2012) Nature , vol.486 , pp. 420
    • Imai, M.1
  • 22
    • 84907977986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The matrix gene segment destabilizes the acid and thermal stability of the hemagglutinin of pandemic live attenuated influenza virus vaccines
    • O'Donnell CD, Vogel L, Matsuoka Y, Jin H, Subbarao K. 2014 The matrix gene segment destabilizes the acid and thermal stability of the hemagglutinin of pandemic live attenuated influenza virus vaccines. J. Virol. 88, 12 374-12 384. (doi:10.1128/jvi. 01107-14)
    • (2014) J. Virol. , vol.88 , pp. 12374-12384
    • O'Donnell, C.D.1    Vogel, L.2    Matsuoka, Y.3    Jin, H.4    Subbarao, K.5
  • 23
    • 0022118573 scopus 로고
    • Stability of infectious influenza A viruses at low pH and at elevated temperature
    • Scholtissek C. 1985 Stability of infectious influenza A viruses at low pH and at elevated temperature. Vaccine 3, 215-218. (doi:10.1016/0264-410X(85)90109-4)
    • (1985) Vaccine , vol.3 , pp. 215-218
    • Scholtissek, C.1
  • 24
    • 84868332223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms by which ambient humidity may affect viruses in aerosols
    • Yang W, Marr LC. 2012 Mechanisms by which ambient humidity may affect viruses in aerosols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 6781. (doi:10.1128/ AEM.01658-12)
    • (2012) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.78 , pp. 6781
    • Yang, W.1    Marr, L.C.2
  • 25
    • 84867065001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between humidity and influenza A viability in droplets and implications for influenza's seasonality
    • Yang W, Elankumaran S, Marr LC. 2012 Relationship between humidity and influenza A viability in droplets and implications for influenza's seasonality. PLoS ONE 7, e46789. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0046789)
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Yang, W.1    Elankumaran, S.2    Marr, L.C.3
  • 26
    • 73449139423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents
    • Tang JW. 2009 The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents. J. R. Soc. Interface 6, S737-S746. (doi:10. 1098/rsif.2009.0227.focus)
    • (2009) J. R. Soc. Interface , vol.6 , pp. S737-S746
    • Tang, J.W.1
  • 27
    • 84863168447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and evaporation potential on survival of airborne Gumboro vaccine virus
    • Zhao Y, Aarnink AJA, Dijkman R, Fabri T, de Jong MCM, Groot Koerkamp PWG. 2012 Effects of temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity, and evaporation potential on survival of airborne Gumboro vaccine virus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 1048-1054. (doi:10.1128/aem.06477-11)
    • (2012) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.78 , pp. 1048-1054
    • Zhao, Y.1    Aarnink, A.J.A.2    Dijkman, R.3    Fabri, T.4    De Jong, M.C.M.5    Groot Koerkamp, P.W.G.6
  • 30
    • 85047814448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of the enveloped virus Phi6 in droplets as a function of relative humidity, absolute humidity, and temperature
    • Prussin II AJ, Schwake DO, Lin K, Gallagher DL, Buttling L, Marr LC. 2018 Survival of the enveloped virus Phi6 in droplets as a function of relative humidity, absolute humidity, and temperature. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 84, e00551-18. (doi:10. 1128/AEM.00551-18)
    • (2018) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.84 , pp. e00551-e00618
    • Prussin, A.J.1    Schwake, D.O.2    Lin, K.3    Gallagher, D.L.4    Buttling, L.5    Marr, L.C.6
  • 31
    • 84888060685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spherical influenza viruses have a fitness advantage in embryonated eggs, while filament-producing strains are selected in vivo
    • Seladi-Schulman J, Steel J, Lowen AC. 2013 Spherical influenza viruses have a fitness advantage in embryonated eggs, while filament-producing strains are selected in vivo. J. Virol. 87, 13 343 - 13 353. (doi:10.1128/jvi.02004-13)
    • (2013) J. Virol. , vol.87 , pp. 13343-13354
    • Seladi-Schulman, J.1    Steel, J.2    Lowen, A.C.3
  • 33
    • 36049022594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature
    • Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Steel J, Palese P. 2007 Influenza virus transmission is dependent on relative humidity and temperature. PLoS Pathog. 3, 1470-1476. (doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030151)
    • (2007) PLoS Pathog , vol.3 , pp. 1470-1476
    • Lowen, A.C.1    Mubareka, S.2    Steel, J.3    Palese, P.4
  • 34
    • 84929353151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental conditions affect exhalation of H3N2 seasonal and variant influenza viruses and respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets
    • Gustin KM, Belser JA, Veguilla V, Zeng H, Katz JM, Tumpey TM, Maines TR. 2015 Environmental conditions affect exhalation of H3N2 seasonal and variant influenza viruses and respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets. PLoS ONE 10, e0125874. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125874)
    • (2015) PLoS ONE , vol.10
    • Gustin, K.M.1    Belser, J.A.2    Veguilla, V.3    Zeng, H.4    Katz, J.M.5    Tumpey, T.M.6    Maines, T.R.7
  • 35
    • 84904640323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of humidity and temperature in shaping influenza seasonality
    • Lowen AC, Steel J. 2014 Roles of humidity and temperature in shaping influenza seasonality. J. Virol. 88, 7692-7695. (doi:10.1128/jvi.03544-13)
    • (2014) J. Virol. , vol.88 , pp. 7692-7695
    • Lowen, A.C.1    Steel, J.2
  • 36
    • 84872030151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive breath plume model for disease transmission via expiratory aerosols
    • Halloran SK, Wexler AS, Ristenpart WD. 2012 A comprehensive breath plume model for disease transmission via expiratory aerosols. PLoS ONE 7, e7088. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037088)
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Halloran, S.K.1    Wexler, A.S.2    Ristenpart, W.D.3
  • 37
    • 80052284394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ferret as a model organism to study influenza A virus infection
    • Belser JA, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. 2011 The ferret as a model organism to study influenza A virus infection. Dis. Model. Mech. 4, 575 - 579. (doi:10.1242/dmm. 007823)
    • (2011) Dis. Model. Mech. , vol.4 , pp. 575-579
    • Belser, J.A.1    Katz, J.M.2    Tumpey, T.M.3
  • 39
    • 84859018547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of weather on influenza and pneumonia mortality in New York City, 1975 - 2002: A retrospective study
    • Davis RE, Rossier CE, Enfield KB. 2012 The impact of weather on influenza and pneumonia mortality in New York City, 1975 - 2002: a retrospective study. PLoS ONE 7, e34091. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034091)
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Davis, R.E.1    Rossier, C.E.2    Enfield, K.B.3
  • 40
    • 74949093896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of common respiratory viral infections related to climate factors in hospitalized children in Hong Kong
    • Tang JW, Lai FY, Wong F, Hon KL. 2010 Incidence of common respiratory viral infections related to climate factors in hospitalized children in Hong Kong. Epidemiol. Infect. 138, 226-235. (doi:10. 1017/s0950268809990410)
    • (2010) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.138 , pp. 226-235
    • Tang, J.W.1    Lai, F.Y.2    Wong, F.3    Hon, K.L.4
  • 41
    • 80255138871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical paediatric population
    • Loh TP, Lai FY, Tan ES, Thoon KC, Tee NW, Cutter J, Tang JW. 2011 Correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical paediatric population. Epidemiol. Infect. 139, 1884-1894. (doi:10.1017/s0950268810002955)
    • (2011) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.139 , pp. 1884-1894
    • Loh, T.P.1    Lai, F.Y.2    Tan, E.S.3    Thoon, K.C.4    Tee, N.W.5    Cutter, J.6    Tang, J.W.7
  • 43
    • 84983400262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza transmission during extreme indoor conditions in a low-resource tropical setting
    • Tamerius J, Ojeda S, Uejio CK, Shaman J, Lopez B, Sanchez N, Gordon A. 2017 Influenza transmission during extreme indoor conditions in a low-resource tropical setting. Int. J. Biometeorol. 61, 613-622. (doi:10.1007/s00484-016-1238-4)
    • (2017) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.61 , pp. 613-622
    • Tamerius, J.1    Ojeda, S.2    Uejio, C.K.3    Shaman, J.4    Lopez, B.5    Sanchez, N.6    Gordon, A.7
  • 44
    • 84879097504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic and outdoor meteorological determinants of indoor temperature and humidity in New York City dwellings
    • Tamerius J, Perzanowski M, Acosta L, Jacobson J, Goldstein I, Quinn J, Rundle A, Shaman J. 2013 Socioeconomic and outdoor meteorological determinants of indoor temperature and humidity in New York City dwellings. Weather Clim. Soc. 5, 168-179. (doi:10.1175/wcas-d-12-00030.1)
    • (2013) Weather Clim. Soc. , vol.5 , pp. 168-179
    • Tamerius, J.1    Perzanowski, M.2    Acosta, L.3    Jacobson, J.4    Goldstein, I.5    Quinn, J.6    Rundle, A.7    Shaman, J.8
  • 45
    • 84957840879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily indoor-to-outdoor temperature and humidity relationships: A sample across seasons and diverse climatic regions
    • Nguyen JL, Dockery DW. 2016 Daily indoor-to-outdoor temperature and humidity relationships: a sample across seasons and diverse climatic regions. Int. J. Biometeorol. 60, 221-229. (doi:10.1007/ s00484-015-1019-5)
    • (2016) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.60 , pp. 221-229
    • Nguyen, J.L.1    Dockery, D.W.2
  • 46
    • 84892366164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature, apparent temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity
    • Nguyen JL, Schwartz J, Dockery DW. 2014 The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature, apparent temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity. Indoor Air 24, 103-112. (doi:10.1111/ina.12052)
    • (2014) Indoor Air , vol.24 , pp. 103-112
    • Nguyen, J.L.1    Schwartz, J.2    Dockery, D.W.3
  • 47
    • 0032133122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor climate and air quality. Review of current and future topics in the field of ISB study group 10
    • Hoppe P, Martinac I. 1998 Indoor climate and air quality. Review of current and future topics in the field of ISB study group 10. Int. J. Biometeorol. 42, 1-7. (doi:10.1007/s004840050075)
    • (1998) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.42 , pp. 1-7
    • Hoppe, P.1    Martinac, I.2
  • 48
    • 82455179464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonality - Still confusing
    • Dowell SF. 2012 Seasonality - still confusing. Epidemiol. Infect. 140, 87-90. (doi:10.1017/ s0950268811001695)
    • (2012) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.140 , pp. 87-90
    • Dowell, S.F.1
  • 49
    • 82455175279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics
    • Murray EL et al. 2012 Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics. Epidemiol. Infect. 140, 78-86. (doi:10.1017/ s0950268811000252)
    • (2012) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.140 , pp. 78-86
    • Murray, E.L.1
  • 50
    • 34249810682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza seasonality: Underlying causes and modeling theories
    • Lofgren E, Fefferman NH, Naumov YN, Gorski J, Naumova EN. 2007 Influenza seasonality: underlying causes and modeling theories. J. Virol. 81, 5429-5436. (doi:10.1128/jvi.01680-06)
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 5429-5436
    • Lofgren, E.1    Fefferman, N.H.2    Naumov, Y.N.3    Gorski, J.4    Naumova, E.N.5
  • 52
    • 77952085060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerosol influenza transmission risk contours: A study of humid tropics versus winter temperate zone
    • Hanley BP, Borup B. 2010 Aerosol influenza transmission risk contours: a study of humid tropics versus winter temperate zone. Virol. J. 7, 98. (doi:10.1186/1743-422x-7-98)
    • (2010) Virol. J. , vol.7 , pp. 98
    • Hanley, B.P.1    Borup, B.2
  • 53
    • 78649782426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs
    • Lindsley WG et al. 2010 Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs. PLoS ONE 5, e15100. (doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0015100)
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Lindsley, W.G.1
  • 54
    • 84875981136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: Particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks
    • Milton DK, Fabian MP, Cowling BJ, Grantham ML, McDevitt JJ. 2013 Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks. PLoS Pathog. 9, e1003205. (doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205)
    • (2013) PLoS Pathog , vol.9
    • Milton, D.K.1    Fabian, M.P.2    Cowling, B.J.3    Grantham, M.L.4    McDevitt, J.J.5
  • 56
    • 85048594865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physico-chemical characteristics of evaporating respiratory fluid droplets
    • Vejerano EP, Marr LC. 2018 Physico-chemical characteristics of evaporating respiratory fluid droplets. J. R. Soc. Interface 15, 20170939. (doi:10. 1098/rsif.2017.0939)
    • (2018) J. R. Soc. Interface , vol.15 , pp. 20170939
    • Vejerano, E.P.1    Marr, L.C.2
  • 57
    • 58349094547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening
    • Chao CYH et al. 2009 Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening. J. Aerosol Sci. 40, 122-133. (doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.10.003)
    • (2009) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 122-133
    • Chao, C.Y.H.1
  • 58
    • 84956576524 scopus 로고
    • The size and the duration of air-carriage of respiratory droplets and droplet-nuclei
    • Duguid JP. 1946 The size and the duration of air-carriage of respiratory droplets and droplet-nuclei. J. Hyg. Cambridge 44, 471-479. (doi:10.1017/ S0022172400019288)
    • (1946) J. Hyg. Cambridge , vol.44 , pp. 471-479
    • Duguid, J.P.1
  • 59
    • 80052190159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions
    • Johnson GR et al. 2011 Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions. J. Aerosol Sci. 42, 839-851. (doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.009)
    • (2011) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 839-851
    • Johnson, G.R.1
  • 60
    • 84864587182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantity and size distribution of cough-generated aerosol particles produced by influenza patients during and after illness
    • Lindsley WG et al. 2012 Quantity and size distribution of cough-generated aerosol particles produced by influenza patients during and after illness. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 9, 443-449. (doi:10. 1080/15459624.2012.684582)
    • (2012) J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.9 , pp. 443-449
    • Lindsley, W.G.1
  • 61
    • 0014064753 scopus 로고
    • Droplet expulsion from the respiratory tract
    • Loudon RG, Roberts RM. 1967 Droplet expulsion from the respiratory tract. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 95, 435-442. (doi:10.1164/arrd.1967.95.3.435)
    • (1967) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , vol.95 , pp. 435-442
    • Loudon, R.G.1    Roberts, R.M.2
  • 63
    • 0030911195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects
    • Papineni RS, Rosenthal FS. 1997 The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects. J. Aerosol Med. 10, 105-116. (doi:10.1089/jam.1997.10.105)
    • (1997) J. Aerosol Med. , vol.10 , pp. 105-116
    • Papineni, R.S.1    Rosenthal, F.S.2
  • 64
    • 73449083384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing
    • Xie X, Li Y, Sun H, Liu L. 2009 Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing. J. R. Soc. Interface 6, S703-S714. (doi:10.1098/rsif.2009.0388)
    • (2009) J. R. Soc. Interface , vol.6 , pp. S703-S714
    • Xie, X.1    Li, Y.2    Sun, H.3    Liu, L.4
  • 65
    • 0000763951 scopus 로고
    • Heat and water exchange in the respiratory tract
    • Walker JEC, Wells RE. 1961 Heat and water exchange in the respiratory tract. Am. J. Med. 30, 259-267. (doi:10.1016/0002-9343(61)90097-3)
    • (1961) Am. J. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 259-267
    • Walker, J.E.C.1    Wells, R.E.2
  • 66
    • 69049096126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative contributions of four exposure pathways to influenza infection risk
    • Nicas M, Jones RM. 2009 Relative contributions of four exposure pathways to influenza infection risk. Risk Anal. 29, 1292-1303. (doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01253.x)
    • (2009) Risk Anal , vol.29 , pp. 1292-1303
    • Nicas, M.1    Jones, R.M.2
  • 68
    • 79951899262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of salivary levels of mucin and amylase in chronic periodontitis patients
    • Sanchez GA, Miozza V, Delgado A, Busch L. 2011 Determination of salivary levels of mucin and amylase in chronic periodontitis patients. J. Periodontal Res. 46, 221-227. (doi:10.1111/j. 1600-0765.2010.01332.x)
    • (2011) J. Periodontal Res. , vol.46 , pp. 221-227
    • Sanchez, G.A.1    Miozza, V.2    Delgado, A.3    Busch, L.4
  • 70
    • 84961825662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaporation and dispersion of respiratory droplets from coughing
    • Liu L, Wei J, Li Y, Ooi A. 2017 Evaporation and dispersion of respiratory droplets from coughing. Indoor Air 27, 179-190. (doi:10.1111/ina.12297)
    • (2017) Indoor Air , vol.27 , pp. 179-190
    • Liu, L.1    Wei, J.2    Li, Y.3    Ooi, A.4
  • 71
    • 0019226723 scopus 로고
    • Viruses as agents of airborne contagion
    • Knight V. 1980 Viruses as agents of airborne contagion. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 353, 147-156. (doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18917.x)
    • (1980) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.353 , pp. 147-156
    • Knight, V.1
  • 72
    • 78149237364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis of the motion and evaporation of exhaled respiratory droplets of mixed composition
    • Parienta D et al. 2011 Theoretical analysis of the motion and evaporation of exhaled respiratory droplets of mixed composition. J. Aerosol Sci. 42, 1-10. (doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.10.005)
    • (2011) J. Aerosol Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 1-10
    • Parienta, D.1
  • 73
    • 77957178387 scopus 로고
    • On air-borne infection. Study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei
    • Wells WF. 1934 On air-borne infection. Study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei. Am. J. Epidemiol. 20, 611-618. (doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118097)
    • (1934) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.20 , pp. 611-618
    • Wells, W.F.1
  • 74
    • 34249703515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How far droplets can move in indoor environments - Revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve
    • Xie X, Li Y, Chwang ATY, Ho PL, Seto WH. 2007 How far droplets can move in indoor environments - revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve. Indoor Air 17, 211-225. (doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007. 00469.x)
    • (2007) Indoor Air , vol.17 , pp. 211-225
    • Xie, X.1    Li, Y.2    Chwang, A.T.Y.3    Ho, P.L.4    Seto, W.H.5
  • 75
    • 0003192699 scopus 로고
    • Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP publication
    • ICRP
    • ICRP. 1994 Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. ICRP publication 66. Ann. ICRP 24, 1-482.
    • (1994) Ann. ICRP , vol.24 , pp. 1-482
  • 76
    • 33750569806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus
    • Tellier R. 2006 Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 1657-1662. (doi:10.3201/eid1211.060426)
    • (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 1657-1662
    • Tellier, R.1
  • 78
    • 80655149506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the relative humidities of liquid - Liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component
    • Bertram AK et al. 2011 Predicting the relative humidities of liquid - liquid phase separation, efflorescence, and deliquescence of mixed particles of ammonium sulfate, organic material, and water using the organic-to-sulfate mass ratio of the particle and the oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio of the organic component. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 10 995 - 11 006. (doi:10.5194/acp-11-10995-2011)
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 10995-11006
    • Bertram, A.K.1
  • 79
    • 84929376605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Size matters in the water uptake and hygroscopic growth of atmospherically relevant multicomponent aerosol particles
    • Laskina O, Morris HS, Grandquist JR, Qin Z, Stone EA, Tivanski AV, Grassian VH. 2015 Size matters in the water uptake and hygroscopic growth of atmospherically relevant multicomponent aerosol particles. J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 4489-4497. (doi:10.1021/jp510268p)
    • (2015) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.119 , pp. 4489-4497
    • Laskina, O.1    Morris, H.S.2    Grandquist, J.R.3    Qin, Z.4    Stone, E.A.5    Tivanski, A.V.6    Grassian, V.H.7
  • 80
    • 84958948566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of pH in individual particles via Raman microspectroscopy and variation in acidity with relative humidity
    • Rindelaub JD, Craig RL, Nandy L, Bondy AL, Dutcher CS, Shepson PB, Ault AP. 2016 Direct measurement of pH in individual particles via Raman microspectroscopy and variation in acidity with relative humidity. J. Phys. Chem. A 120, 911-917. (doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12699)
    • (2016) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.120 , pp. 911-917
    • Rindelaub, J.D.1    Craig, R.L.2    Nandy, L.3    Bondy, A.L.4    Dutcher, C.S.5    Shepson, P.B.6    Ault, A.P.7
  • 81
    • 84865165579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images reveal that atmospheric particles can undergo liquid - Liquid phase separations
    • You Y et al. 2012 Images reveal that atmospheric particles can undergo liquid - liquid phase separations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 13 188 - 13 192. (doi:10.1073/pnas.1206414109)
    • (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.109 , pp. 13188-13192
    • You, Y.1
  • 82
    • 77952668172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural explanation for the effect of humidity on persistence of airborne virus: Seasonality of influenza
    • Ud-Dean SMM. 2010 Structural explanation for the effect of humidity on persistence of airborne virus: seasonality of influenza. J. Theor. Biol. 264, 822-829. (doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.03.013)
    • (2010) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.264 , pp. 822-829
    • Ud-Dean, S.M.M.1
  • 83
    • 0001855478 scopus 로고
    • Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and poliomyelitis
    • Hemmes JH, Winkler KC, Kool SM. 1960 Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and poliomyelitis. Nature 188, 430-431. (doi:10.1038/ 188430a0)
    • (1960) Nature , vol.188 , pp. 430-431
    • Hemmes, J.H.1    Winkler, K.C.2    Kool, S.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.