메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 8-104

Electronic cigarette policy recommendations: A scoping review

Author keywords

E cigarette; Electronic cigarette; Scoping review; Smoking policy; Tobacco control

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE; HUMAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; SMOKING CESSATION; SMOKING PREVENTION; VAPING;

EID: 85058608637     PISSN: 10873244     EISSN: 19457359     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (15)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 78650628884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: A new ‘tobacco’ industry?
    • Noel JK, Rees VW, Connolly GN. Electronic cigarettes: a new ‘tobacco’ industry? Tob Control. 2011;20(1):81-81.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 81
    • Noel, J.K.1    Rees, V.W.2    Connolly, G.N.3
  • 2
    • 84947446046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; Accessed January 15, 2016
    • Schoenborn CA, Gindi RM. Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults: United States, 2014. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2015:8. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db217.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2016.
    • (2015) Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults: United States, 2014 , pp. 8
    • Schoenborn, C.A.1    Gindi, R.M.2
  • 3
    • 85041323889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington DC: The National Academies Press; Accessed February 22, 2018
    • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington DC: The National Academies Press; 2018:1-613. Available at: http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes. aspx. Accessed February 22, 2018.
    • (2018) Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes , pp. 1-613
  • 4
    • 85018733535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of e-cigarette use in the 2014 eurobarometer survey: Calling out deficiencies in epidemiology methods
    • Polosa R, Caponnetto P, Niaura R, Abrams D. Analysis of E-cigarette use in the 2014 Eurobarometer survey: calling out deficiencies in epidemiology methods. Intern Emerg Med. 2017;12(6):733-735.
    • (2017) Intern Emerg Med , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 733-735
    • Polosa, R.1    Caponnetto, P.2    Niaura, R.3    Abrams, D.4
  • 5
    • 84990218384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarette use in the european union: Analysis of a representative sample of 27 460 Europeans from 28 countries
    • January
    • Farsalinos KE, Poulas K, Voudris V, Le Houezec J. Electronic cigarette use in the European Union: analysis of a representative sample of 27 460 Europeans from 28 countries. Addiction. January 2016;111(11):2032-2040.
    • (2016) Addiction , vol.111 , Issue.11 , pp. 2032-2040
    • Farsalinos, K.E.1    Poulas, K.2    Voudris, V.3    Le Houezec, J.4
  • 6
    • 84988351795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Health England; Accessed February 21, 2018
    • Public Health England. E-Cigarettes: A Developing Public Health Consensus. Public Health England; 2016. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/e-cigarettes-a-developing-public-health-consensus. Accessed February 21, 2018.
    • (2016) E-Cigarettes: A Developing Public Health Consensus
  • 7
    • 85032818722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health. file Accessed August 7, 2018
    • Action on Smoking and Health. Use of E-Cigarettes (Va-pourisers) among Adults in Great Britain. 2017:1-16. Available at: file:///Users/bradys/Downloads/Use-of-e-cigarettes-vapourisers-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-May-2017-2.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2018.
    • (2017) Use of E-Cigarettes (Va-Pourisers) Among Adults in Great Britain , pp. 1-16
  • 8
    • 85008189168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health & Human Services USD-HHS. Atlanta, GA: USDHH, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; Accessed June 16, 2017
    • US Department of Health & Human Services (USD-HHS). E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: USDHH, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2016. Available at: https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Full_Report_508.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2017.
    • (2016) E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of The Surgeon General
  • 9
    • 84961199493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Means and ends - e-cigarettes, the framework convention on tobacco control, and global health diplomacy in action
    • Russell A, Wainwright M, Tilson M. Means and ENDS - e-cigarettes, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and global health diplomacy in action. Glob Public Health. 2018;13(1):83-98.
    • (2018) Glob Public Health , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-98
    • Russell, A.1    Wainwright, M.2    Tilson, M.3
  • 10
    • 84925402392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: Patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues
    • Rahman MA, Hann N, Wilson A, Worrall-Carter L. Electronic cigarettes: patterns of use, health effects, use in smoking cessation and regulatory issues. Tob Induc Dis. 2014;12:21.
    • (2014) Tob Induc Dis , vol.12 , pp. 21
    • Rahman, M.A.1    Hann, N.2    Wilson, A.3    Worrall-Carter, L.4
  • 11
    • 85058888076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed February 2, 2018
    • US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). E-cigarette Ads and Youth. 2017. Available at: https:// www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/ecigarette-ads/index.html. Accessed February 2, 2018.
    • (2017) E-Cigarette Ads and Youth
  • 12
    • 85017023776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online e-cigarette marketing claims: A systematic content and legal analysis
    • Klein EG, Berman M, Hemmerich N, et al. Online e-cigarette marketing claims: a systematic content and legal analysis. Tob Regul Sci. 2016;2(3):252-262.
    • (2016) Tob Regul Sci , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 252-262
    • Klein, E.G.1    Berman, M.2    Hemmerich, N.3
  • 13
    • 84896512973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking revolution”: A content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites
    • Grana RA, Ling PM. “Smoking Revolution”: a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. Am J Prev Med. 2014;46(4):395-403.
    • (2014) Am J Prev Med , vol.46 , Issue.4 , pp. 395-403
    • Grana, R.A.1    Ling, P.M.2
  • 14
    • 84901373578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: A scientific review
    • Grana R, Benowitz N, Glantz SA. E-cigarettes: a scientific review. Circulation. 2014;129(19):1972-1986.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.129 , Issue.19 , pp. 1972-1986
    • Grana, R.1    Benowitz, N.2    Glantz, S.A.3
  • 15
    • 84899804857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are e-cigarettes safe?
    • Maron DF. Are e-cigarettes safe? Sci Am. 2014;310(5):31-32.
    • (2014) Sci Am , vol.310 , Issue.5 , pp. 31-32
    • Maron, D.F.1
  • 16
    • 84941341229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking norms and the regulation of e-cigarettes
    • Voigt K. Smoking norms and the regulation of e-cigarettes. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(10):1967-1972.
    • (2015) Am J Public Health , vol.105 , Issue.10 , pp. 1967-1972
    • Voigt, K.1
  • 17
    • 85040034734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: A 1-way street to traditional smoking and nicotine addiction for youth
    • Klein JD. E-Cigarettes: A 1-way street to traditional smoking and nicotine addiction for youth. Pediatrics. 2018;141(1):e20172850.
    • (2018) Pediatrics , vol.141 , Issue.1 , pp. e20172850
    • Klein, J.D.1
  • 18
    • 84887301322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulate e-cigarettes as drug-delivery devices
    • Stanbrook MB. Regulate e-cigarettes as drug-delivery devices. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J. 2013;185(16):1379.
    • (2013) CMAJ Can Med Assoc J , vol.185 , Issue.16 , pp. 1379
    • Stanbrook, M.B.1
  • 19
    • 84891746076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco harm reduction: The need for new products that can compete with cigarettes
    • Fagerström KO, Bridgman K. Tobacco harm reduction: the need for new products that can compete with cigarettes. Addict Behav. 2014;39(3):507-511.
    • (2014) Addict Behav , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 507-511
    • Fagerström, K.O.1    Bridgman, K.2
  • 20
    • 84884964548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: The case for the electronic cigarette
    • Polosa R, Rodu B, Caponnetto P, et al. A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10(1):19.
    • (2013) Harm Reduct J , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 19
    • Polosa, R.1    Rodu, B.2    Caponnetto, P.3
  • 21
    • 84902968352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case in favor of e-cigarettes for tobacco harm reduction
    • Nitzkin JL. The case in favor of e-cigarettes for tobacco harm reduction. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(6):6459-6471.
    • (2014) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 6459-6471
    • Nitzkin, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 84891950998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promise and peril of e-cigarettes: Can disruptive technology make cigarettes obsolete?
    • Abrams DB. Promise and peril of e-cigarettes: can disruptive technology make cigarettes obsolete? JAMA. 2014;311(2):135-136.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.311 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-136
    • Abrams, D.B.1
  • 24
    • 85041854941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor
    • Villanti AC, Feirman SP, Niaura RS, et al. How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor. Addiction. 2018;113(3):391-404.
    • (2018) Addiction , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-404
    • Villanti, A.C.1    Feirman, S.P.2    Niaura, R.S.3
  • 25
    • 84960538213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the population impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation in England
    • West R, Shahab L, Brown J. Estimating the population impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation in England. Addiction. 2016;111(6):1118-1119.
    • (2016) Addiction , vol.111 , Issue.6 , pp. 1118-1119
    • West, R.1    Shahab, L.2    Brown, J.3
  • 26
    • 85026368056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: Evidence from US current population surveys
    • Zhu S-H, Zhuang Y-L, Wong S, et al. E-cigarette use and associated changes in population smoking cessation: evidence from US current population surveys. BMJ. 2017;358:j3262.
    • (2017) BMJ , vol.358 , pp. j3262
    • Zhu, S.-H.1    Zhuang, Y.-L.2    Wong, S.3
  • 27
    • 84897631300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peering through the mist: Systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks
    • Burstyn I. Peering through the mist: systematic review of what the chemistry of contaminants in electronic cigarettes tells us about health risks. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):18.
    • (2014) BMC Public Health , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 18
    • Burstyn, I.1
  • 28
    • 85041702634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke
    • Stephens WE. Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke. Tob Control. 2018;17:10-17.
    • (2018) Tob Control , vol.17 , pp. 10-17
    • Stephens, W.E.1
  • 29
    • 85031923772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to nicotine and selected toxicants in cigarette smokers who switched to electronic cigarettes: A longitudinal within-subjects observational study
    • Goniewicz ML, Gawron M, Smith DM, et al. Exposure to nicotine and selected toxicants in cigarette smokers who switched to electronic cigarettes: a longitudinal within-subjects observational study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(2):160-167.
    • (2017) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-167
    • Goniewicz, M.L.1    Gawron, M.2    Smith, D.M.3
  • 30
    • 84889042767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health – An updated review based on recent publications
    • Lee PN. Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health – an updated review based on recent publications. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10:36.
    • (2013) Harm Reduct J , vol.10 , pp. 36
    • Lee, P.N.1
  • 31
    • 85041725905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential deaths averted in USA by replacing cigarettes with e-cigarettes
    • Levy DT, Borland R, Lindblom EN, et al. Potential deaths averted in USA by replacing cigarettes with e-cigarettes. Tob Control. 2018;27:18-25.
    • (2018) Tob Control , vol.27 , pp. 18-25
    • Levy, D.T.1    Borland, R.2    Lindblom, E.N.3
  • 32
    • 85033195799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The E-cig quandary
    • Accessed September 22, 2018
    • Blanding M, Drexler M. The E-cig quandary. Harvard Public Health, 2016. Available at: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/the-e-cig-quanda-ry/. Accessed September 22, 2018.
    • (2016) Harvard Public Health
    • Blanding, M.1    Drexler, M.2
  • 33
    • 85007393975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of electronic nicotine delivery systems: A systematic review
    • Glasser AM, Collins L, Pearson JL, et al. Overview of electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(2):e33-e66.
    • (2017) Am J Prev Med , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. e33-e66
    • Glasser, A.M.1    Collins, L.2    Pearson, J.L.3
  • 34
    • 69049106505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An account of collective actions in public health
    • Siegal G, Siegal N, Bonnie RJ. An account of collective actions in public health. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(9):1583-1587.
    • (2009) Am J Public Health , vol.99 , Issue.9 , pp. 1583-1587
    • Siegal, G.1    Siegal, N.2    Bonnie, R.J.3
  • 35
    • 84892576318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position statement on electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems
    • Bam TS, Bellew W, Berezhnova I, et al. Position statement on electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18(1):5-7.
    • (2014) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-7
    • Bam, T.S.1    Bellew, W.2    Berezhnova, I.3
  • 36
    • 85013378466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among adolescents: Status of the evidence and public health recommendations
    • Kamat AD, Van Dyke AL. Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems among adolescents: status of the evidence and public health recommendations. Pediatr Ann. 2017;46(2):e69-e77.
    • (2017) Pediatr Ann , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. e69-e77
    • Kamat, A.D.1    Van Dyke, A.L.2
  • 37
    • 0032933539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harm reduction: Concepts and practice. A policy discussion paper
    • Riley D, Sawka E, Conley P, et al. Harm reduction: concepts and practice. a policy discussion paper. Subst Use Misuse. 1999;34(1):9-24.
    • (1999) Subst Use Misuse , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-24
    • Riley, D.1    Sawka, E.2    Conley, P.3
  • 41
    • 14644388070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework
    • Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19-32.
    • (2005) Int J Soc Res Methodol , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-32
    • Arksey, H.1    O’Malley, L.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 84875195425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing the scoping study methodology: A large, inter-professional team’s experience with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework
    • Daudt HML, van Mossel C, Scott SJ. Enhancing the scoping study methodology: a large, inter-professional team’s experience with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:48.
    • (2013) BMC Med Res Methodol , vol.13 , pp. 48
    • Daudt, H.M.L.1    van Mossel, C.2    Scott, S.J.3
  • 45
    • 27744571394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: Audit of primary sources
    • Greenhalgh T, Peacock R. Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ. 2005;331(7524):1064-1065.
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.331 , Issue.7524 , pp. 1064-1065
    • Greenhalgh, T.1    Peacock, R.2
  • 47
    • 40949147823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The qualitative content analysis process
    • Elo S, Kyngäs H. The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs. 2008;62(1):107-115.
    • (2008) J Adv Nurs , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-115
    • Elo, S.1    Kyngäs, H.2
  • 48
    • 0035810567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: A case of the tail wagging the dog?
    • Barbour RS. Checklists for improving rigour in qualitative research: a case of the tail wagging the dog? BMJ. 2001;322(7294):1115-1117.
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.322 , Issue.7294 , pp. 1115-1117
    • Barbour, R.S.1
  • 49
    • 84959432615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iterative categorization (IC): A systematic technique for analysing qualitative data
    • Neale J. Iterative categorization (IC): a systematic technique for analysing qualitative data. Addiction. 2016;111(6):1096-1106.
    • (2016) Addiction , vol.111 , Issue.6 , pp. 1096-1106
    • Neale, J.1
  • 51
    • 77956801332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology for conducting integrative mixed methods research and data analyses
    • Castro FG, Kellison JG, Boyd SJ, Kopak A. A methodology for conducting integrative mixed methods research and data analyses. J Mix Methods Res. 2010;4(4):342-360.
    • (2010) J Mix Methods Res , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 342-360
    • Castro, F.G.1    Kellison, J.G.2    Boyd, S.J.3    Kopak, A.4
  • 52
    • 85058892019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, UK: The British Psychological Society; Accessed September 22, 2018
    • Dawkins L, McRobbie H. Changing Behaviour: Electronic Cigarettes. London, UK: The British Psychological Society; 2017. Available at: https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/bps.org.uk/files/Policy%20-%20Files/Changing%20be-haviour%20-%20electronic%20cigarettes.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2018.
    • (2017) Changing Behaviour: Electronic Cigarettes
    • Dawkins, L.1    McRobbie, H.2
  • 55
    • 84943320459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, UK: Public Health England; Accessed September 22, 2018
    • McNeill A, Brose LS, Hitchman SC, et al. E-Cigarettes: An Evidence Update A Report Commissioned by Public Health England. London, UK: Public Health England; 2015. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/733022/Ecigarettes_an_evidence_update_A_re-port_commissioned_by_Public_Health_England_FI-NAL.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2018.
    • (2015) E-Cigarettes: An Evidence Update A Report Commissioned by Public Health England
    • McNeill, A.1    Brose, L.S.2    Hitchman, S.C.3
  • 56
    • 84970003322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London, UK: RCP; Accessed September 22, 2018
    • Royal College of Physicians (RCP). Nicotine without Smoke: Tobacco Harm Reduction. London, UK: RCP; 2016. Available at: https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/projects/outputs/nicotine-without-smoke-tobacco-harm-re-duction-0. Accessed September 22, 2018.
    • (2016) Nicotine Without Smoke: Tobacco Harm Reduction
  • 57
    • 85033780513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy on electronic cigarettes
    • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
    • American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on Electronic Cigarettes. Oral Health Policies. 2015;39(6):74-76.
    • (2015) Oral Health Policies , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 74-76
  • 59
    • 85058890736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 22, 2018
    • British Medical Association. BMA Calls for Strong Regulation of E-Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https://www.bing.com/search?q=BMA+Calls+for+Strong+Regulation +of+E-Cigarettes&FORM=EDGENA&PC=DCTE&ref ig=d643072fcf5b4e4e92217592183cc8bf Accessed September 22, 2018.
    • (2014) BMA Calls for Strong Regulation of E-Cigarettes
  • 60
    • 85058892460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Camden and Islington Stop Smoking Service. file:///C:/Users/brb99/Downloads/Electronic%20Cigarettes%20PH%20Position%20Statement_ amend%2017.5.17.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2017
    • Camden and Islington Stop Smoking Service. Electronic Cigarettes: Public Health Position Statement. 2017. Available at: file:///C:/Users/brb99/Downloads/Electronic%20Cigarettes%20PH%20Position%20Statement_ amend%2017.5.17.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • (2017) Electronic Cigarettes: Public Health Position Statement
  • 61
    • 85058880194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • Cancer Research UK. Cancer Research UK Briefing: Electronic Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/sites/default/files/policy_may2014_e-cig-arette_briefing.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • (2014) Cancer Research UK Briefing: Electronic Cigarettes
  • 62
    • 85058874280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faculty of Public Health. Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Faculty of Public Health. UK Faculty of Public Health Policy Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2016. Available at: https://slidelegend.com/faculty-of-publichealth_59e10a581723dd143fce0685.html. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) UK Faculty of Public Health Policy Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 63
    • 85058887395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Health NZ. Ministry of Health position statement e-cigarettes. Vaping (e-cigarettes). 2017.: Accessed November 2, 2017
    • Ministry of Health NZ. Ministry of Health position statement - e-cigarettes. Vaping (e-cigarettes). 2017.Available at: http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/preventative-health-wellness/tobacco-control/e-cigarettes. Accessed November 2, 2017.
  • 66
    • 85058886502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Primary Care Respiratory Society UK. Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2015. Available at: https://www.pcrs-uk.org/sites/pcrs-uk.org/files/PositionStatement-ECigsSept2015_0.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2015) Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 67
    • 85058878642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Public Health Nottinghamshire County. Position Statement on E-Cigarettes. 2016. Available at: http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/media/112329/notts-postition-statement-on-e-cigarettes-updated.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) Position Statement on E-Cigarettes
  • 70
    • 84983459912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Society of Behavioral Medicine’s (SBM) position on emerging policy issues regarding electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): A need for regulation
    • Rojewski AM, Coleman N, Toll BA. Society of Behavioral Medicine’s (SBM) position on emerging policy issues regarding electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): a need for regulation. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):475-477.
    • (2016) Transl Behav Med , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 475-477
    • Rojewski, A.M.1    Coleman, N.2    Toll, B.A.3
  • 71
    • 84901364065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heidelberg, Germany: German Cancer Research Center; Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Schaller K, Ruppert L, Kahnert S, et al. Electronic Cigarettes – An Overview. Heidelberg, Germany: German Cancer Research Center; 2013. Available at: https://www.dkfz.de/en/presse/download/RS-Vol19-E-Cigarettes-EN. pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2013) Electronic Cigarettes – An Overview
    • Schaller, K.1    Ruppert, L.2    Kahnert, S.3
  • 72
    • 84904504661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electronic cigarette. Official statement of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the efficacy, safety and regulation of electronic cigarettes
    • Jimenez Ruiz CA, Solano Reina S, de Granda Orive JI, et al. The electronic cigarette. Official statement of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) on the efficacy, safety and regulation of electronic cigarettes. Arch Bronconeumol. 2014;50(8):362-367.
    • (2014) Arch Bronconeumol , vol.50 , Issue.8 , pp. 362-367
    • Jimenez Ruiz, C.A.1    Solano Reina, S.2    de Granda Orive, J.I.3
  • 73
    • 84994441577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Truth Initiative. The Truth About: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. 2015. Available at: https://truthinitiative.org/sites/default/files/The_Truth_About_Electron-ic_Nicotine_Delivery_Systems.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2015) The Truth About: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
  • 74
    • 84997384876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorchester, UK: National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training; Accessed September 23, 2018
    • McEwen A, McRobbie H. Electronic cigarettes: a briefing for stop smoking services. Dorchester, UK: National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training; 2016. Available at: http://www.ncsct.co.uk/usr/pub/Electronic_cigarettes._A_briefing_for_stop_smoking_services.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2016) Electronic Cigarettes: A Briefing for Stop Smoking Services
    • McEwen, A.1    McRobbie, H.2
  • 75
    • 85058872250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-Cigarettes
    • Rigotti NA, Kalkhoran S. E-Cigarettes. UpToDate. 2017. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/e-ciga-
    • (2017) UpToDate
    • Rigotti, N.A.1    Kalkhoran, S.2
  • 76
    • 85058608637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Am J Health Behav.™ 2019;43(1):88-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8 101 rettes#!. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2019) Am J Health Behav.™ , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-104
  • 77
    • 84964290617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems: A policy statement from the american association for cancer research and the american society of clinical oncology
    • Brandon TH, Goniewicz ML, Hanna NH, et al. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: a policy statement from the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(3):514-525.
    • (2015) Clin Cancer Res , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 514-525
    • Brandon, T.H.1    Goniewicz, M.L.2    Hanna, N.H.3
  • 78
    • 85058886656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • American Cancer Society. Is Any Type of Smoking Safe? Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobacco-and-cancer/is-any-type-of-smoking-safe. html. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • Is Any Type of Smoking Safe?
  • 79
    • 85045975061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • National Health and Medical Research Council. NHMRC CEO Statement: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). 2017. Available at: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/juiceboxcreative-acosh/wp-content/up-loads/2016/04/13060624/17072_nhmrc_-_electronic_ cigarettes-web_final.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2017) NHMRC CEO Statement: Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
  • 80
    • 85058873948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • British Dental Association. E-cigarettes. Our position on e-cigarettes and their impact on oral health. 2016. Available at: https://www.bda.org/dentists/policy-campaigns/public-health-science/public-health/position-statements/ Pages/E-cigarettes.aspx. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2016) E-Cigarettes. Our Position on E-Cigarettes and Their Impact on Oral Health
  • 81
    • 85058903878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Cancer Society of New Zealand. Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2011. Available at: https://auckland-northland.cancernz.org.nz/assets/Positions-Statements/E-cigarette-Position-statementFINALJul13. pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2011) Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 82
    • 84897806973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Lung Foundation Australia. E-Cigarettes. 2014. https://lungfoundation.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ Lung-Foundation-Australia-E-Cigarettes-Position-Statement-18-June-2014.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2014) E-Cigarettes
  • 83
    • 85058883820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • Mayo Clinic Staff. Electronic cigarettes: Not a safe way to light up. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/quit-smoking/in-depth/electronic-ciga-rettes/art-20204330. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • Electronic Cigarettes: Not A Safe Way to Light up
  • 85
    • 85058882169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2018
    • The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). New NIOSH Report Recommends All Workplaces Be Tobacco Free. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/upd-04-02-15.html. Accessed November 7, 2018.
    • New NIOSH Report Recommends All Workplaces Be Tobacco Free
  • 86
    • 84925391360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking and Health Action Foundation. Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Non-Smokers’ Rights Association/Smoking and Health Action Foundation. Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2013. Available at: https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2014/hl/comm/communication-file-49482.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2013) Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 87
    • 84974728116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential adverse health consequences of exposure to electronic cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems
    • Oncology Nursing Society
    • Oncology Nursing Society. The potential adverse health consequences of exposure to electronic cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015;42(5):445-446.
    • (2015) Oncol Nurs Forum , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 445-446
  • 88
    • 85058877257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • on Tobacco. Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Ontario Campaign for Action on Tobacco. Statement on E-Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: http://www.ocat.org/whatsnew.html. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2014) Statement on E-Cigarettes
  • 90
    • 84897806973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Royal Pharmaceutical Society. E-Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https://www.rpharms.com/making-a-difference/ policy-a-z/e-cigarettes. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2014) E-Cigarettes
  • 91
    • 85058883538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 23, 2018
    • Stroke Foundation. Electronic Cigarettes – policy position paper. 2017. Available at: https://strokefoundation.org.au/What-we-do/-/media/A62E29924564442196E6 0C138F205879.ashx. Accessed September 23, 2018.
    • (2017) Electronic Cigarettes – Policy Position Paper
  • 92
    • 85058898122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Tobacco Control Network. 2016 Policy Recommendations Guide. 2016. Available at: http://tobaccocontrolnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/TCN-2016-Policy-Recommendations-Guide.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) 2016 Policy Recommendations Guide
  • 93
    • 84945181702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women: U.S. Preventive services task force recommendation statement
    • Siu AL. Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(8):622.
    • (2015) Ann Intern Med , vol.163 , Issue.8 , pp. 622
    • Siu, A.L.1
  • 96
    • 84947280005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems
    • Walley SC, Jenssen BP. Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):1018-1026.
    • (2015) Pediatrics , vol.136 , Issue.5 , pp. 1018-1026
    • Walley, S.C.1    Jenssen, B.P.2
  • 97
    • 84988601761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • American Association for Respiratory Care. Electronic Cigarette. 2015. Available at: https://c.aarc.org/resources/ position_statements/documents/ElectronicCigarette.pdf. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • (2015) Electronic Cigarette
  • 98
    • 84958660968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidance to employers on integrating e-cigarettes/electronic nicotine delivery systems into tobacco worksite policy
    • Whitsel LP, Benowitz N, Bhatnagar A, et al. Guidance to employers on integrating e-cigarettes/electronic nicotine delivery systems into tobacco worksite policy: J Occup Environ Med. 2015;57(3):334-343.
    • (2015) J Occup Environ Med , vol.57 , Issue.3 , pp. 334-343
    • Whitsel, L.P.1    Benowitz, N.2    Bhatnagar, A.3
  • 99
    • 84928103019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Executive summary of a policy position paper from the American College of Physicians
    • Crowley RA. Electronic nicotine delivery systems: executive summary of a policy position paper from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(8):583-584.
    • (2015) Ann Intern Med , vol.162 , Issue.8 , pp. 583-584
    • Crowley, R.A.1
  • 100
    • 84930465070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015: Summary of revisions
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2015: summary of revisions. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Suppl1):529.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. 529
  • 101
    • 84922184096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes: A policy statement from the American Heart Association
    • Bhatnagar A, Whitsel LP, Ribisl KM, et al. Electronic cigarettes: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;130(16):1418-1436.
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.130 , Issue.16 , pp. 1418-1436
    • Bhatnagar, A.1    Whitsel, L.P.2    Ribisl, K.M.3
  • 102
    • 85055166422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • American Lung Association. E-cigarettes and Lung Health. Available at: http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/smoking-facts/e-cigarettes-and-lung-health.html. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • E-Cigarettes and Lung Health
  • 103
    • 85058902755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • American Medical Association. AMA Strengthens Policy on Electronic Cigarettes to Protect Youth. Available at: https://www.ama-assn.org/content/ama-strengthens-policy-electronic-cigarettes-further-protect-youth. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • AMA Strengthens Policy on Electronic Cigarettes to Protect Youth
  • 104
    • 85058879801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed August 18, 2018
    • American Nurses Association. Promoting Tobacco Cessation in Pharmacies. Available at: https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nursing-excellence/official-position-statements/id/promoting-tobacco-cessation-in-pharmacies/. Accessed August 18, 2018.
    • Promoting Tobacco Cessation in Pharmacies
  • 105
    • 85058898077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • American Public Health Association. Supporting Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https:// www.apha.org/policies-and-advocacy/public-health-policy-statements/policy-database/2015/01/05/12/58/ supporting-regulation-of-electronic-cigarettes. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2014) Supporting Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes
  • 106
    • 85058879403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation in Argentina: Our position on e-cigarettes
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Osses JM. Smoking Cessation in Argentina: Our Position on e-Cigarettes. Argentinean Association of Respiratory Medicine. 2016. Available at: https://www.ersnet.org/the-society/news/respiratory-worldwide/smoking-cessation-in-argentina-our-position-on-e-cigarettes. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) Argentinean Association of Respiratory Medicine
    • Osses, J.M.1
  • 107
    • 85022138320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Australian Medical Association. Tobacco Smoking and E-Cigarettes. 2015. Available at: https://ama.com.au/system/tdf/documents/Tobacco-Smoking-and-E-cig-arettes-2015%20-%20AMA-Position%20Statement. pdf?file=1&type=node&id=43234. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2015) Tobacco Smoking and E-Cigarettes
  • 108
    • 84929324200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BC Alliance for Healthy Living. Accessed November 1, 2017
    • BC Alliance for Healthy Living. E-Cigarettes. Available at: https://www.bchealthyliving.ca/e-cigarettes/. Accessed November 1, 2017.
    • E-Cigarettes
  • 110
    • 77955262999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • Canadian Lung Association. Electronic Cigarettes. Available at: https://nb.lung.ca/protect-your-lungs/smoking/electronic-cigarettes. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • Electronic Cigarettes
  • 111
    • 84924439919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E-cigarettes: Are we renormalizing public smoking? Reversing five decades of tobacco control and revitalizing nicotine dependency in children and youth in Canada
    • Stanwick R. E-cigarettes: are we renormalizing public smoking? Reversing five decades of tobacco control and revitalizing nicotine dependency in children and youth in Canada. Paediatr Child Health. 2015;20(2):101-105.
    • (2015) Paediatr Child Health , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-105
    • Stanwick, R.1
  • 112
    • 84930053340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart Foundation of Australia. Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Cancer Council Australia, Heart Foundation of Australia. Position Statement - Electronic Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https://www.health.act.gov.au/sites/default/files/Ecigarette/Submissions/232.%20Kara%20 Rusan%20-%20Cancer%20Council%20ACT.pdf Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2014) Position Statement - Electronic Cigarettes
  • 113
    • 85058895893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 2, 2017
    • Cancer Council NSW. Policy position on electronic cigarettes. Available at: https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/109402/cancer-prevention/smoking-reduce-risks/ policy-position-on-electronic-cigarettes/. Accessed November 2, 2017.
    • Policy Position on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 114
    • 85058879318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSP statement on e-cigarettes
    • Accessed November 7, 2017
    • Glahn A. ENSP Statement on E-Cigarettes. European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention. 2012. Available at: http://ensp.org/2012/10/04/ensp-statement-on-e-cigarettes/. Accessed November 7, 2017.
    • (2012) European Network for Smoking and Tobacco Prevention
    • Glahn, A.1
  • 115
    • 85058881250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Heart and Stroke Foundation. E-Cigarettes in Canada. 2016. Available at: https://www.cleanaircoalitionbc.com/database/files/library/HSF_E_Cigarette_Statement.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) E-Cigarettes in Canada
  • 116
    • 85058893995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • City Health Officials. Accessed September 24, 2018
    • National Association of County and City Health Officials. Statement of Policy: Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes (“E-Cigarettes”). 2012. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/document/248274799/e-Cigarettes. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2012) Statement of Policy: Regulation of Electronic Cigarettes (“E-Cigarettes”)
  • 117
    • 85058870889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Association of Local Boards of Health. Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes). 2012. Available at: http://northcoastalpreventioncoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Natl-Assoc.Local-Boards-of-Health-Position_Statement_E_Cigs_2012-1.pdf.
    • (2012) Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
  • 118
    • 85058872186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • National PTA. Resolution on Electronic Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Youth. 2016. Available at: https://www.pta.org/home/ advocacy/ptas-positions/Individual-PTA-Resolutions/ Resolution-on-Electronic-Cigarettes-and-Electronic-Nicotine-Delivery-Systems-ENDS-and-Youth. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2016) Resolution on Electronic Cigarettes and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Youth
  • 119
    • 85058886502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • e-Cigarettes, e-Cigs, Vapors. Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Nevada Tobacco Prevention Coalition. Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes, e-Cigs, Vapors). 2015. Available at: http://www.tobaccofreenv.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/NTPC-E-cig-Position_ Draft-Feb-2015.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2015) Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 120
    • 85058877892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE). Addressing Public Health Concerns of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). 2015. Available at: https://www.sophe.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Address-ing-public-health-concerns-of-electronic-nicotine-deliv-ery-systems.pdf Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2015) Addressing Public Health Concerns of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS)
  • 121
    • 85058883759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed November 1, 2017
    • Tobacco Free Amarillo. Position on E-Cigarettes. Available at: http://www.tobaccofreeamarillo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/e-cig-flyer-englishWeb.pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.
    • Position on E-Cigarettes
    • Amarillo, T.F.1
  • 122
    • 84905100044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Toronto Public Health. Electronic Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/mmis/2014/hl/bgrd/backgroundfile-72511.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2014) Electronic Cigarettes
  • 125
    • 85058892060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • The Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. CDHA Position Statement on E-Cigarettes. 2015. Available at: https://www.cdha.ca/pdfs/Profession/Resources/e-cigposition-paper.pdf Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2015) CDHA Position Statement on E-Cigarettes
  • 126
    • 84930053340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Canadian Medical Association. CMA Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2014. Available at: https://www.cma.ca/Assets/assets-library/document/en/advocacy/CMA_Policy_CMA_Position_Statement_on_Elec-tronic_Cigarettes_PD14-07-e.pdf. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2014) CMA Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 127
    • 85058900723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Cancer Council Western Australia. Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes (e-Cigarettes). 2014. Available at: https://www.cancerwa.asn.au/resources/201502-12-Positon-Statement-ecigarettes-update.pdf Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2014) Position Statement Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes)
  • 128
    • 84908105544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic cigarettes. A position statement of the forum of international respiratory societies
    • Schraufnagel DE, Blasi F, Drummond MB, et al. Electronic cigarettes. a position statement of the forum of International Respiratory Societies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(6):611-618.
    • (2014) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.190 , Issue.6 , pp. 611-618
    • Schraufnagel, D.E.1    Blasi, F.2    Drummond, M.B.3
  • 129
    • 85058898291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart Foundation, American Medical Association South Australia, Asthma Foundation SA. Accessed November 1, 2017
    • Rischbieth A, Bedson D, Hooper J. A Public Health Response to Electronic Cigarettes. Heart Foundation, American Medical Association South Australia, Asthma Foundation SA. 2015. Available at: https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/images/uploads/events/SA_Health_ Alliance_-_submission_on_e-cigarettes_2015_-_FINAL. pdf. Accessed November 1, 2017.
    • (2015) A Public Health Response to Electronic Cigarettes
    • Rischbieth, A.1    Bedson, D.2    Hooper, J.3
  • 130
    • 84893311385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Philippine medical association
    • Olarte LO. Philippine Medical Association. Jpn Med Assoc J. 2013;56(5):392-393.
    • (2013) Jpn Med Assoc J , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 392-393
    • Olarte, L.O.1
  • 132
    • 85058608637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.smokefreetasmania.com/e-cigarettes/. Accessed September 24, 2018
    • Am J Health Behav.™ 2019;43(1):88-104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.43.1.8 103 http://www.smokefreetasmania.com/e-cigarettes/. Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2019) Am J Health Behav.™ , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-104
  • 133
    • 77749282852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Understanding the origins of anger, contempt, and disgust in public health policy disputes: Applying moral psychology to harm reduction debates
    • Alderman J, Dollar KM, Kozlowski LT. Commentary: understanding the origins of anger, contempt, and disgust in public health policy disputes: applying moral psychology to harm reduction debates. J Public Health Policy. 2010;31(1):1-16.
    • (2010) J Public Health Policy , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Alderman, J.1    Dollar, K.M.2    Kozlowski, L.T.3
  • 134
    • 84950131672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions towards electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among Stop Smoking Service users
    • Sherratt FC, Newson L, Marcus MW, et al. Perceptions towards electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation among Stop Smoking Service users. Br J Health Psychol. 2016;21(2):421-433.
    • (2016) Br J Health Psychol , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 421-433
    • Sherratt, F.C.1    Newson, L.2    Marcus, M.W.3
  • 135
    • 84992726996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing perceptions of harm of e-cigarettes among U.S. Adults, 2012–2015
    • Majeed BA, Weaver SR, Gregory KR, et al. Changing perceptions of harm of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2012–2015. Am J Prev Med. 2017;52(3):331-338.
    • (2017) Am J Prev Med , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 331-338
    • Majeed, B.A.1    Weaver, S.R.2    Gregory, K.R.3
  • 136
    • 85050610475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed September 24, 2018
    • American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes. 2018. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/e-cigarette-position-statement.html Accessed September 24, 2018.
    • (2018) American Cancer Society Position Statement on Electronic Cigarettes
  • 137
    • 84963827919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence, policy, and e-cigarettes — Will England reframe the debate?
    • Green SH, Bayer R, Fairchild AL. Evidence, policy, and e-cigarettes — will England reframe the debate? N Engl J Med. 2016;374(14):1301-1303.
    • (2016) N Engl J Med , vol.374 , Issue.14 , pp. 1301-1303
    • Green, S.H.1    Bayer, R.2    Fairchild, A.L.3
  • 138
    • 84959524367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards for clinical research: Keeping pace with the technology of the future
    • Antman EM, Bierer BE. Standards for clinical research: keeping pace with the technology of the future. Circulation. 2016;133(9):823-825.
    • (2016) Circulation , vol.133 , Issue.9 , pp. 823-825
    • Antman, E.M.1    Bierer, B.E.2
  • 139
    • 84940184621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harm reduction: Front line public health
    • Stancliff S, Phillips BW, Maghsoudi N, et al. Harm reduction: front line public health. J Addict Dis. 2015;34(2-3):206-219.
    • (2015) J Addict Dis , vol.34 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 206-219
    • Stancliff, S.1    Phillips, B.W.2    Maghsoudi, N.3
  • 140
    • 79960860218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The scientific foundation for tobacco harm reduction, 2006-2011
    • Rodu B. The scientific foundation for tobacco harm reduction, 2006-2011. Harm Reduct J. 2011;8:19.
    • (2011) Harm Reduct J , vol.8 , pp. 19
    • Rodu, B.1
  • 141
    • 85029556566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nicotine-focused framework for public health
    • Gottlieb S, Zeller M. A nicotine-focused framework for public health. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1111-1114.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.377 , Issue.12 , pp. 1111-1114
    • Gottlieb, S.1    Zeller, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.