Biophysical models for skin transport and absorption

Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 251-270

  Nitsche, Johannes M ^a   Kasting, Gerald B ^b  

^a the State University of New York   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI ACADEMIC HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85056917641     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (83)

1. Scheuplein RJ, Blank IH. Permeability of the skin. Physiol Rev 1971; 51(4):702-47.
2. Ritschel WA, Hussain AS. The principles of permeation of substances across the skin. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1988; 10(1):39-56.
3. Roberts MS, Walters KA. Human skin morphology and dermal absorption. In:Roberts MS, Walters KA, eds. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
4. Siddiqui O. Physicochemical, physiological, and mathematical considerations in optimizing percutaneous absorption of drugs. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 1989; 6(1):1-38.
5. Wiechers JW. The barrier function of the skin in relation to percutaneous absorption of drugs. Pharm Weekbl Sci 1989; 11(6):185-98.
6. Wester RC, Maibach HI. Percutaneous absorption of drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992; 23(4):253-66.
7. Poet TS, McDougal JN. Skin absorption and human risk assessment. Chem Biol Interact 2002; 140(1):19-34.
8. Fitzpatrick D, Corish J, Hayes B. Modelling skin permeability in risk assessment-the future. Chemosphere 2004; 55(10):1309-14.
9. Riley WJ, McKone TE, Hubal EAC. Estimating contaminant dose for intermittent dermal contact: model development, testing, and application. Risk Anal 2004; 24(1):73-85.
10. Fitzpatrick D, Corish J. Modelling skin permeability in risk assessment. In: Roberts MS, Walters KA, eds. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
11. Karande P, Jain A, Ergun K, et al. Design principles of chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102(13):4688-93.
12. Cross SE, Roberts MS. Physical enhancement of transdermal drug application: is delivery technology keeping up with pharmaceutical development? Curr Drug Deliv 2004; 1(1):81-92.
13. Kretsos K, Kasting GB, Nitsche JM. Distributed diffusion-clearance model for transient drug distribution within the skin. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93(11):2820-35.
14. Kasting GB, Miller MA, Nitsche JM. Absorption and evaporation of volatile compounds applied to skin. In: Walters KA, Roberts MS, eds. Dermatological and Cosmeceutical Development: Absorption, Efficacy and Toxicology. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2007.
15. Brenner H, Edwards DA. Macrotransport Processes. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.
16. Mueller B, Anissimov YG, Roberts MS. Unexpected clobetasol propionate profile in human stratum corneum after topical application in vitro. Pharm Res 2003; 20(11):1835-7.
17. Anissimov YG, Roberts MS. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 3. Variable diffusion and partition coefficients, consequences for stratum corneum depth profiles and desorption kinetics. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93(2):470-87.
18. Kasting GB, Miller MA. Kinetics of finite dose absorption through skin 2: volatile compounds. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(2):268-80.
19. Kasting GB. Kinetics of finite dose absorption through skin 1. Vanillylnonanamide. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90(2):202-12.
20. Anissimov YG, Roberts MS. Diffusion modeling of percutaneous absorption kinetics: 2. Finite vehicle volume and solvent deposited solids. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90(4):504-20.
21. Wang T-F, Kasting GB, Nitsche JM. A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. I. Formulation, solution, and illustrative results for representative compounds. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(3):620-48.
22. Potts RO, Guy RH. Predicting skin permeability. Pharm Res 1992; 9(5):663-9.
23. Kasting GB, Smith RL, Anderson BD. Prodrugs for dermal delivery: solubility, molecular size, and functional group effects. In:Sloan KB, ed. Prodrugs: Topical and Ocular Drug Delivery. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992;117-61.
24. Wilschut A, ten Berge WF, Robinson PJ, et al. Estimating skin permeation. The validation of five mathematical skin permeation models. Chemosphere 1995; 30(7):1275-96.
25. Buchwald P, Bodor N. A simple, predictive, structure-based skin permeability model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53(8):1087-98.
26. Flynn GL. Physicochemical determinants of skin absorption. In:Gerrity TR, Henry CJ, eds. Principles of Route-to-Route Extrapolation for Risk Assessment. New York: Elsevier, 1990;93-127.
27. Johnson ME, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Evaluation of solute permeation through the stratum corneum: lateral bilayer diffusion as the primary transport mechanism. J Pharm Sci 1997; 86(10):1162-72.
28. Yotsuyanagi T, Higuchi WI. A two phase series model for the transport of steroids across the fully hydrated stratum corneum. J Pharm Pharmacol 1972; 24:934-41.
29. Mitragotri S. A theoretical analysis of permeation of small hydrophobic solutes across the stratum corneum based on scaled particle theory. J Pharm Sci 2002; 91(3):744-52.
30. Frasch HF, Barbero AM. Steady-state flux and lag time in the stratum corneum lipid pathway: results from finite element models. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92(11):2196-207.
31. Tojo K. Random brick model for drug transport across stratum corneum. J Pharm Sci 1987; 76(12):889-91.
32. Heisig M, Lieckfeldt R, Wittum G, et al. Non steady-state descriptions of drug permeation through stratum corneum. I. The biphasic brick-and-mortar model. Pharm Res 1996; 13(3):421-6.
33. Charalambopoulou GCh, Karamertzanis P, Kikkinides ES, et al. A study on structural and diffusion properties of porcine stratum corneum based on very small angle neutron scattering data. Pharm Res 2000; 17(9):1085-91.
34. Frasch HF. A random walk model of skin permeation. Risk Anal 2002; 22(2):265-76.
35. Barbero AM, Frasch HF. Modeling of diffusion with partitioning in stratum corneum using a finite element model. Ann Biomed Eng 2005; 33(9):1281-92.
36. Barbero AM, Frasch HF. Transcellular route of diffusion through stratum corneum:results from finite element models. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(10):2186-94.
37. Wang T-F, Kasting GB, Nitsche JM. A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. II. Estimation of physicochemical parameters, and application to a large permeability database. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96(11): 3024-51.
38. Kasting GB, Barai ND, Wang T-F, et al. Mobility of water in human stratum corneum. J Pharm Sci 2003; 92(11):2326-40.
39. Nitsche JM, Wang T-F, Kasting GB. A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(3):649-66.
40. Raykar PV, Fung M-C, Anderson BD. The role of protein and lipid domains in the uptake of solutes by human stratum corneum. Pharm Res 1988; 5(3):140-50.
41. Anderson BD, Higuchi WI, Raykar PV. Heterogeneity effects on permeability-partition coefficient relationships in human stratum corneum. Pharm Res 1988; 5(9):566-73.
42. Anderson BD, Raykar PV. Solute structure-permeability relationships in human stratum corneum. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 93(2):280-6.
43. Nemes Z, Steinert PM. Bricks and mortar of the epidermal barrier. Exp Mol Med 1999; 31(1):5-19.
44. Yu B, Kim KH, So PT C, et al. Visualization of oleic acid-induced transdermal diffusion pathways using two-photon fluorescence miscroscopy. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120(3):448-55.
45. Hanson KM, Behne MJ, Barry NP, et al. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging of the skin stratum corneum pH gradient. Biophys J 2002; 83(3):1682-90.
46. Peck KD, Ghanem A-H, Higuchi WI. Hindered diffusion of polar molecules through and effective pore radii estimates of intact and ethanol treated human epidermal membrane. Pharm Res 1994; 11(9):1306-14.
47. Peck KD, Ghanem A-H, Higuchi WI. The effect of temperature upon the permeation of polar and ionic solutes through human epidermal membrane. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84(8):975-82.
48. Tang H, Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, et al. Theoretical description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic permeants: application to low-frequency sonophoresis. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90(5):545-68.
49. Mitragotri S. Modeling skin permeability to hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes based on four permeation pathways. J Control Release 2003; 86(1):69-92.
50. Scheuplein RJ. Mechanism of percutaneous absorption II. Transient diffusion and the relative importance of various routes of skin penetration. J Invest Dermatol 1967; 48(1):79-88.
51. Jackson RJ, Davis WB. A mathematical approach to the prediction of the rate of penetration of ions in the sweat duct. J Theor Biol 1982; 97(3):481-9.
52. Ho CK. Probabilistic modeling of percutaneous absorption for risk-based exposure assessments and transdermal drug delivery. Stat Methodol 2004; 1(1-2):47-69.
53. Dancik YH. Mathematical models of diffusion through and near skin appendages: hair follicle and eccrine sweat gland pathways. Ph.D. thesis, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2007.
54. Bert JL, Mathieson JM, Pearce RH. The exclusion of human serum albumin by human dermal collagenous fibres and within human dermis. Biochem J 1982; 201(2):395-403.
55. Bert JL, Pearce RH, Mathieson JM. Concentration of plasma albumin in its accessible space in postmortem human dermis. Microvasc Res 1986; 32(2):211-23.
56. Kretsos K, Miller MA, Zamora-Estrada G, et al. Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis. Int J Pharmaceut 2007; in press.
57. Yamazaki K, Kanaoka M. Computational prediction of the plasma protein-binding percent of diverse pharmaceutical compounds. J Pharm Sci 2004; 93(6):1480-94.
58. Pearce RH, Grimmer BJ. Age and the chemical constitution of normal human dermis. J Invest Dermatol 1972; 58(6):347-61.
59. Wilke CR, Chang P. Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions. Am Inst Chem Eng J 1955; 1(2):264-70.
60. Poling BE, Prausnitz JM, O’Connell JP. The Properties of Gases and Liquids. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
61. Cussler EL. Diffusion: Mass Transfer in Fluid Systems. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997:32-4.
62. Horowitz SB, Fenichel IR, Hoffman B, et al. The intracellular transport and distribution of cysteamine phosphate derivatives. Biophys J 1970; 10(10):994-1010.
63. Gupta E, Wientjes MG, Au JL-S. Penetration kinetics of 2'-3'-dideoxyinosine in dermis is described by the distributed model. Pharm Res 1995; 12(1):108-12.
64. Zesch A, Schaefer H. Penetrationskinetik von radiomarkiertem hydrocortison aus verschiedenartigen salbengrundlagen in die menschliche haut. Arch Dermatol Res 1975; 252(4):245-56.
65. Gao X, Wientjes MG, Au JL-S. Use of drug kinetics in dermis to predict in vivo blood concentration after topical application. Pharm Res 1995; 12(12):2012-7.
66. Kretsos K, Kasting GB. Dermal capillary clearance: physiology and modeling. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2005; 18(2):55-74.
67. Mastro AM, Keith AD. Diffusion in the aqueous compartment. J Cell Biol 1984; 99:180s-7s.
68. Nitsche JM. Cellular microtransport processes: intercellular, intracellular, and aggregate behavior. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 1999; 1:463-503.
69. Safranyos RGA, Caveney S, Miller JG, et al. Relative roles of gap junction channels and cytoplasm in cell-to-cell diffusion of fluorescent tracers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:2272-6.
70. Schultz JS, Armstrong W. Permeability of interstitial space of muscle (rat diaphragm) to solutes of different molecular weights. J Pharm Sci 1978; 67(5):696-700.
71. Rossing N, Worm A-M. Interstitial fluid: exchange of macromolecules between plasma and skin interstitium. Clin Physiol 1981; 1(3):275-84.
72. Aukland K, Reed RK. Interstitial-lymphatic mechanisms in the control of extracellular fluid volume. Physiol Rev 1993; 73(1):1-78.
73. Furuse M, Hata M, Furuse K, et al. Claudin-based tight junctions are crucial for the mammalian epidermal barrier: a lesson from claudin-1-deficient mice. J Cell Biol 2002; 156(6):1099-111.
74. Bazzoni G, Dejana E. Keratinocyte junctions and the epidermal barrier: how to make a skin-tight dress. J Cell Biol 2002; 156(6):947-9.
75. Cross S, Magnusson BM, Winckle G, et al. Determination of the effect of lipophilicity on the in vitro permeability and tissue reservoir characteristics of topically applied solutes in human skin layers. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120(5):759-64.
76. Bunge AL, Cleek RL. A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure: 2. Effect of molecular weight and octanol-water partitioning. Pharm Res 1995; 12(1):88-95.
77. Tojo K, Lee ARC. Penetration and bioconversion of drugs in the skin. J Chem Eng Jpn 1991; 24(3):297-301.
78. Khalil E, Kosmas K, Kasting GB. Glucose partition coefficient and diffusivity in the lower skin layers. Pharm Res 2006; 23(6):1227-34.
79. Kimber I, Gerberick GF, Basketter DA. Thresholds in contact sensitization: theoretical and practical considerations. Food Chem Toxicol 1999; 37(5):553-60.
80. Scheuplein RJ, Bronaugh RL. Percutaneous absorption. In:Goldsmith LA, ed. Biochemistry and Physiology of the Skin. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983;1255-95.
81. Bauerova K, Matušová D, Kassai Z. Chemical enhancers for transdermal drug transport. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001; 26(1-2):85-94.
82. Teichmann A, Otberg N, Jacobi U, et al. Follicular penetration: development of a method to block the follicles selectively against the penetration of topically applied substances. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 19(4):216-23.
83. Miller MA, Bhatt V, Kasting GB. Dose and air flow dependence of benzyl alcohol disposition on skin. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95(2):281-91.