Why Do We Require Registered Nurses in Nursing Homes? Using Longitudinal Hierarchical Linear Modeling

Journal of Nursing Scholarship

Volumn 50, Issue 6, 2018, Pages 705-713

  Shin, Juh Hyun ^a  

^a Ewha Womans University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Hierarchical linear model; nursing home; nursing staffing; quality of care

Indexed keywords

AGED; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; NURSE; NURSING EVALUATION RESEARCH; NURSING HOME; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; SOUTH KOREA; STATISTICAL MODEL; UNITED STATES;

AGED; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; NURSES; NURSING EVALUATION RESEARCH; NURSING HOMES; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE; REPUBLIC OF KOREA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85055983949     PISSN: 15276546     EISSN: 15475069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12412     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Backhaus, R., Verbeek, H., van Rossum, E., Capezuti, E., & Hamers, J. P. (2014). Nurse staffing impact on quality of care in nursing homes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 15, 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.12.080
2. Castle, N. G. (2000). Differences in nursing homes with increasing and decreasing use of physical restraints. Medical Care, 38, 1154–1163. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200012000-00002
3. Castle, N. G. (2011). Staff assist: A resource to improve nursing home quality and staffing. Gerontologist, 51, 714–722. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr038
4. Castle, N. G., & Anderson, R. A. (2011). Caregiver staffing in nursing homes and their influence on quality of care: Using dynamic panel estimation methods. Medical Care, 49, 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e31820fbca9
5. Castle, N. G., & Engberg, J. (2005). Staff turnover and quality of care in nursing homes. Medical Care, 43, 616–626. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000163661.67170.b9
6. Castle, N. G., & Ferguson, J. C. (2010). What is nursing home quality and how is it measured? Gerontologist, 50, 426–442. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq052
7. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2014). MDS 3.0 quality measures user's manual (v8.0 04-15-2013). Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/NursingHomeQualityInits/Downloads/MDS-30-QMUsers-Manual-V80.pdf
8. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2017). Nursing home compare. Retrieved from https://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html
9. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services & Abt Associates. (2001). Appropriateness of minimum nurse staffing ratios in nursing homes: Report to Congress: Phase II final (Vol. I–III). Baltimore, MD: Author.
10. Chen, M. M., & Grabowski, D. C. (2015). Intended and unintended consequences of minimum staffing standards for nursing homes. Health Economics, 24, 822–839. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3063
11. Cherubini, A., Eusebi, P., Dell'Aquila, G., Landi, F., Gasperini, B., Bacuccoli, R., … Ruggiero, C. (2012). Predictors of hospitalization in Italian nursing home residents: The U.L.I.S.S.E. project. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 13, e5–e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2011.04.001
12. Decker, F. H. (2006). Nursing staff and the outcomes of nursing home stays. Medical Care, 44, 812–821. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000218832.24637.2e
13. Dellefield, M. E., Castle, N. G., McGilton, K. S., & Spilsbury, K. (2015). The relationship between registered nurses and nursing home quality: An integrative review (2008–2014). Nursing Economics, 33, 95–108, 116. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26281280
14. Gibson, N. M., & Olejnik, S. (2003). Treatment of missing data at the second level of hierarchical linear models. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63, 204–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164402250987
15. GovTrack. (2015). H.R. 952: Put a registered nurse in the nursing home act of 2015. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/hr952
16. Harrington, C. (2010). Nursing home staffing standards in state statutes and regulations. Retrieved from http://ltcombudsman.org/uploads/files/support/Harrington-state-staffing-table-2010_(1).pdf
17. Horn, S. D., Buerhaus, P., Bergstrom, N., & Smout, R. J. (2005). RN staffing time and outcomes of long-stay nursing home residents: Pressure ulcers and other adverse outcomes are less likely as RNs spend more time on direct patient care. American Journal of Nursing, 105(11), 58–70; quiz 71. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200511000-00028
18. Hyer, K., Thomas, K. S., Laurence, M. A., Branch, G., Harman, J. S., Johnson, C. E., & Weech-Maldonado, R. (2011). The influence of nurse staffing levels on quality of care in nursing homes. Gerontologist, 51, 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnr050
19. Intrator, O., Schleinitz, M., Grabowski, D. C., Zinn, J., & Mor, V. (2009). Maintaining continuity of care for nursing home residents: Effect of states’ Medicaid bed-hold policies and reimbursement rates. Health Services Research Journal, 44, 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2008.00898.x
20. Kash, B. A., Hawes, C., & Phillips, C. D. (2007). Comparing staffing levels in the Online Survey Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) system with the Medicaid Cost Report data: Are differences systematic? Gerontologist, 47, 480–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.4.480
21. Kim, G. B., Lee, H. K., & Sok, S. H. (2009). Activities of daily living and nursing needs of the elderly in nursing home. Journal of the Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 20(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.1.1
22. Kim, H. S., Kwon, S. M., Yoon, N. H., & Hyun, K. R. (2013). Utilization of long-term care services under the public long-term care insurance program in Korea: Implications of a subsidy policy. Health Policy, 111, 166–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.04.009
23. Kim, J., & Lee, S. Y. (2013). A study on care workers’ job performance and competency at long-term care homes. Health and Social Welfare Review, 33(2), 243–273. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2013.33.2.243
24. Klutz, B. G. (2001). Nursing staff requirements and the quality of nursing home care: A report to the California State Legislature. Collingdale, PA: Diane Publishing Co.
25. Konetzka, R. T., Stearns, S. C., & Park, J. (2008). The staffing-outcomes relationship in nursing homes. Health Services Research Journal, 43, 1025–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00803
26. Korean Health Insurance Policy Institute. (2012). Medical needs management of the elderly in senior care facilities. Retrieved from http://www.nhis.or.kr
27. Korean Ministry of the Interior and Safety. (2017). Current data about Korean population. Retrieved from http://rcps.egov.go.kr:8081/jsp/stat/ppl_stat_jf.jsp
28. Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. (2011). Long term care insurance. Retrieved from http://www.longtermcare.or.kr/portal/site/nydev/MENUITEM_SERVICE
29. Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. (2013). Long term care insurance dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.longtermcare.or.kr/portal/site/nydev/MENUITEM_TERMS
30. Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. (2015). Long term care insurance statistics. Retrieved from http://www.nhis.or.kr/bbs7/boards/B0075/5959
31. Korean National Health Insurance Service. (2015). Judgment rating for long-term care insurance. Retrieved from http://www.longtermcare.or.kr/portal/longtermcare/sub03_02_02.jsp
32. Lee, H. Y., Shin, J. H., & Harrington, C. (2015). Comparing the nurse staffing in Korean and U.S. nursing homes. Nursing Outlook, 63, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2014.08.005
33. New York State Nurses Association. (2016). What's in the proposed law? Retrieved from http://www.nysna.org/what%E2%80%99s-proposed-law#.VSYg0_nketB
34. Park, A. J., Lim, N. Y., Kim, Y. S., Lee, Y. K., & Song, J. H. (2011). Incidence and predictors of falls in institutionalized elderly. Journal of Muscle and Joint Health, 18, 50–62. https://doi.org/10.5953/JMJH.2011.18.1.050
35. Porell, F., & Caro, F. G. (1998). Facility-level outcome performance measures for nursing homes. Gerontologist, 38, 665–683. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/38.6.665
36. Reed, C. M., & Delhorne, L. A. (2005). Reception of environmental sounds through cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing, 26, 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-200502000-00005
37. Shin, J. H., & Bae, S. H. (2012). Nurse staffing, quality of care, and quality of life in US nursing homes, 1996–2011: An integrative review. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 38(12), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20121106-04
38. Shin, J. H., & Hyun, T. K. (2015). Nurse staffing and quality of care of nursing home residents in Korea. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47, 555–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12166
39. Spilsbury, K., Hewitt, C., Stirk, L., & Bowman, C. (2011). The relationship between nurse staffing and quality of care in nursing homes: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 732–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.02.014
40. TrackBill. (2015). NY—S1634 establishes the ”Safe Staffing for Hospital Care Act”. Retrieved from https://trackbill.com/bill/NY/2013/S1634/establishes-the-safe-staffing-for-hospital-care-ac
41. Uchida-Nakakoji, M., Stone, P. W., Schmitt, S., Phibbs, C., & Wang, Y. C. (2016). Economic evaluation of registered nurse tenure on nursing home resident outcomes. Applied Nursing Research, 29, 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.05.001
42. U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2015). Nursing home quality. CMS should continue to improve data and oversight (GAO-16-33). Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-33
43. Weech-Maldonado, R., Meret-Hanke, L., Neff, M. C., & Mor, V. (2004). Nurse staffing patterns and quality of care in nursing homes. Health Care Management Review, 29, 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004010-200404000-00004
44. Wu, Y. W. (1996). An application of hierarchical linear models to longitudinal studies. Research in Nursing & Health, 19, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-240X(199602)19:1<75:AID-NUR8>3.0.CO;2-1
45. Zhang, X., & Grabowski, D. C. (2004). Nursing home staffing and quality under the Nursing Home Reform Act. Gerontologist, 44, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/44.1.13
46. Zimmerman, S., Gruber-Baldini, A. L., Hebel, J. R., Sloane, P. D., & Magaziner, J. (2002). Nursing home facility risk factors for infection and hospitalization: Importance of registered nurse turnover, administration, and social factors. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 1987–1995. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50610.x