Aerobic exercise for adult patients with major depressive disorder in mental health services: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 39-53

  Morres, Ioannis D ^a   Hatzigeorgiadis, Antonis ^a   Stathi, Afroditi ^b   Comoutos, Nikos ^a   Arpin Cribbie, Chantal ^c   Krommidas, Charalampos ^a   Theodorakis, Yannis ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY   (Greece)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

depression; empirically supported treatments; exercise; mood disorders; treatment

Indexed keywords

ADULTHOOD; AEROBIC EXERCISE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; META ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLISHING; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SHORT COURSE THERAPY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; EXERCISE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PSYCHOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC);

DEPRESSION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; EXERCISE; HUMANS; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 85055261677     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.22842     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Bartholomew, J. B., Morrison, D., & Ciccolo, J. T. (2005). Effects of acute exercise on mood and well-being in patients with major depressive disorder. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(12), 2032–2037. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000178101.78322.dd
3. Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994). Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics, 50(4), 1088–1101. https://doi.org/10.2307/2533446
4. Bhogal, S. K., Teasell, R. W., Foley, N. C., & Speechley, M. R. (2005). The PEDro scale provides a more comprehensive measure of methodological quality than the Jadad scale in stroke rehabilitation literature. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 58(7), 668–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.01.002
5. Blumenthal, J. A., & Ong, L. (2009). A commentary on ‘Exercise and Depression’ (Mead et al., 2009): And the verdict is…. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2(2), 97–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2009.08.001
6. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Random-effects model. Introduction to meta-analysis (pp. 69–75). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
7. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2010). A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1(2), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12
8. Bursztajn, H., & Barsky, A. J. (1985). Facilitating patient acceptance of a psychiatric referral. Archives of Internal Medicine, 145(1), 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360010097015
9. Callaghan, P., Khalil, E., Morres, I., & Carter, T. (2011). Pragmatic randomised controlled trial of preferred intensity exercise in women living with depression. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 465. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-465
10. Carter, T., Guo, B., Turner, D., Morres, I., Khalil, E., Brighton, E., … Callaghan, P. (2015). Preferred intensity exercise for adolescents receiving treatment for depression: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0638-z
11. Cohen, J. (1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(3), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783
12. Cooney, G., Dwan, K., Greig, C. A., Lawlor, D. A., Rimer, J., Waugh, F. R., … Mead, G. E. (2013). Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 9, CD004366. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub6
13. Craft, L. L., & Landers, D. M. (1998). The effect of exercise on clinical depression and depression resulting from mental illness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20, 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.4.339
14. Crone, D., Johnston, L. H., Gidlow, C., Henley, C., & James, D. V. B. (2008). Uptake and participation in physical activity referral schemes in the UK: An investigation of patients referred with mental health problems. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 29(10), 1088–1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840802319837
15. de Morton, N. A. (2009). The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: A demographic study. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy, 55(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1
16. Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56(2), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x
17. Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629–634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
18. Ensari, I., Greenlee, T. A., Motl, R. W., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2015). Meta-analysis of acute exercise effects on state anxiety: An update of randomized controlled trials over the past 25 years. Depression and Anxiety, 32(8), 624–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22370
19. Fiske, A., Wetherell, J. L., & Gatz, M. (2009). Depression in older adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 363–389. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621
20. Gartlehner, G., Hansen, R. A., Morgan, L. C., Thaler, K., Lux, L., Van Noord, M., … Wilkins, T. (2011). Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: An updated meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 155(11), 772–785. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00009
21. Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 386(9995), 743–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4
22. Hamlyn-Williams, C. C., Freeman, P., & Parfitt, G. (2014). Acute affective responses to prescribed and self-selected exercise sessions in adolescent girls: An observational study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 6(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-35
23. Higgins, J. P., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (Vol. 4). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
24. Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
25. James, D. V., Johnston, L. H., Crone, D., Sidford, A. H., Gidlow, C., Morris, C., & Foster, C. (2008). Factors associated with physical activity referral uptake and participation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(2), 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701468863
26. John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions Communications Science (2011). Second-generation antidepressants for treating adult depression: An update. Comparative effectiveness review summary guides for clinicians. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) 2007.
27. *Kerling, A., Tegtbur, U., Gützlaff, E., Kück, M., Borchert, L., Ates, Z., … Kahl, K. G. (2015). Effects of adjunctive exercise on physiological and psychological parameters in depression: A randomized pilot trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 177, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.006
28. Knols, R. H., de Bruin, E. D., Shirato, K., Uebelhart, D., & Aaronson, N. K. (2010). Physical activity interventions to improve daily walking activity in cancer survivors. BMC Cancer, 10, 406. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-10-406
29. Knubben, K., Reischies, F. M., Adli, M., Schlattmann, P., Bauer, M., & Dimeo, F. (2007). A randomised, controlled study on the effects of a short-term endurance training programme in patients with major depression. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(1), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.030130
30. Krogh, J., Hjorthøj, C., Speyer, H., Gluud, C., & Nordentoft, M. (2017). Exercise for patients with major depression: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMJ Open, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014820
31. Krogh, J., Nordentoft, M., Sterne, J. A., & Lawlor, D. A. (2011). The effect of exercise in clinically depressed adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 72(4), 529–538. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08r04913blu
32. Kvam, S., Kleppe, C. L., Nordhus, I. H., & Hovland, A. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.063
33. Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
34. *Legrand, F. D., & Neff, E. M. (2016). Efficacy of exercise as an adjunct treatment for clinically depressed inpatients during the initial stages of antidepressant pharmacotherapy: An open randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 191, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.047
35. Macedo, L. G., Elkins, M. R., Maher, C. G., Moseley, A. M., Herbert, R. D., & Sherrington, C. (2010). There was evidence of convergent and construct validity of physiotherapy evidence database quality scale for physiotherapy trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 63(8), 920–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.005
36. Maguire, N., Cullen, C., O'Sullivan, M., & O'Grady-Walshe, A. (1995). What do Dublin GPs expect from a psychiatric referral? Irish Medical Journal, 88(6), 215–216.
37. Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., & Elkins, M. (2003). Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 83(8), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.8.713
38. *Martinsen, E. W., Medhus, A., & Sandvik, L. (1985). Effects of aerobic exercise on depression: A controlled study. BMJ, 291(6488), 109–109. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6488.109
39. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10), 1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005
40. Moher, D., Pham, B., Jones, A., Cook, D. J., Jadad, A. R., Moher, M., … Klassen, T. P. (1998). Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses? The Lancet, 352(9128), 609–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01085-x
41. Morgan, D. (1989). Psychiatric cases: An ethnography of the referral process. Psychological Medicine, 19(03), 743–753. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170002434x
42. Morres, I., Stathi, A., Martinsen, E. W., & Sørensen, M. (2014). Physical exercise and major depressive disorder in adult patients. In A. G. Papaioannou & D. Hackfort (Eds.), Routledge companion to sport and exercise psychology: Global perspectives and fundamental concepts (pp. 823–834). London, England: Taylor & Francis.
43. Morton, K. L., Biddle, S. J., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2008). Changes in self-determination during an exercise referral scheme. Public Health, 122(11), 1257–1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2007.11.006
44. *Mota-Pereira, J., Silverio, J., Carvalho, S., Ribeiro, J. C., Fonte, D., & Ramos, J. (2011). Moderate exercise improves depression parameters in treatment-resistant patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(8), 1005–1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.02.005
45. NICE. (2009). Depression in adults: Recognition and management. London, England: NICE Guidelines [CG90].
46. *Oertel-Knöchel, V., Mehler, P., Thiel, C., Steinbrecher, K., Malchow, B., Tesky, V., … Hänsel, F. (2014). Effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and individual psychopathology in depressive and schizophrenia patients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 264(7), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-014-0485-9
47. Pan, L., Wang, M., Xie, X., Du, C., & Guo, Y. (2014). Effects of anabolic steroids on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PloS One, 9(1), e84855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084855
48. Perraton, L. G., Kumar, S., & Machotka, Z. (2010). Exercise parameters in the treatment of clinical depression: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 16(3), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01188.x
49. *Pilu, A., Sorba, M., Hardoy, M., Floris, A., Mannu, F., Seruis, M., … Carta, M. (2007). Efficacy of physical activity in the adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorders: Preliminary results. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 3(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-3-8
50. Pinto, R. Z., Maher, C. G., Ferreira, M. L., Ferreira, P. H., Hancock, M., Oliveira, V. C., … Koes, B. (2012). Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 344, e497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e497
51. Pollock, M. L., Gaesser, G. A., Butcher, J. D., Després, J.-P., Dishman, R. K., Franklin, B. A., & Garber, C. E. (1998). ACSM position stand: The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 30(6), 975–991. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032
52. Ravindran, A. V., Balneaves, L. G., Faulkner, G., Ortiz, A., McIntosh, D., & Morehouse, R. L., … CANMAT Depression Work Group. (2016). Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder: Section 5. Complementary and alternative medicine treatments. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(9), 576–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716660290
53. Rethorst, C. D., Wipfli, B. M., & Landers, D. M. (2009). The antidepressive effects of exercise. Sports Medicine, 39(6), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939060-00004
54. Robertson, R., Robertson, A., Jepson, R., & Maxwell, M. (2012). Walking for depression or depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 5(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.03.002
55. Rose, E. E., & Parfitt, G. (2007). A quantitative analysis and qualitative explanation of the individual differences in affective responses to prescribed and self-selected exercise intensities. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(3), 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.3.281
56. Rosenthal, R. (1979). The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results. Psychological Bulletin, 86(3), 638–641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638
57. *Rueter, M. A. (1980). The effect of running on individuals who are clinically depressed (MSc Thesis Master Thesis). Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA.
58. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
59. *Sadeghi, K., Ahmadi, S. M., Ahmadi, S. M., Rezaei, M., Miri, J., Abdi, A., … Jamshidi, K. (2016). A comparative study of the efficacy of cognitive group therapy and aerobic exercise in the treatment of depression among the students. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(10), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n10p1
60. *Salehi, I., Hosseini, S. M., Haghighi, M., Jahangard, L., Bajoghli, H., Gerber, M., … Brand, S. (2016). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and aerobic exercise training (AET) increased plasma BDNF and ameliorated depressive symptoms in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 76, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.01.012
61. Schuch, F. B., Morres, I. D., Ekkekakis, P., Rosenbaum, S., & Stubbs, B. (2017). A critical review of exercise as a treatment for clinically depressed adults: Time to get pragmatic. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 29(2), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2016.21
62. Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023
63. *Schuch, F. B., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Borowsky, C., Zimmermann, A. B., Rocha, N. S., & Fleck, M. P. (2015). Exercise and severe major depression: Effect on symptom severity and quality of life at discharge in an inpatient cohort. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61(0), 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.005
64. Schulz, K. F. (2001). Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: Why bother? Evidence Based Nursing, 4(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebn.4.1.4
65. Schulz, K. F., Chalmers, I., Hayes, R. J., & Altman, D. G. (1995). Empirical evidence of bias: Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA, 273(5), 408–412. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030
66. Searle, A., Calnan, M., Lewis, G., Campbell, J., Taylor, A., & Turner, K. (2011). Patients' views of physical activity as treatment for depression: A qualitative study. The British Journal of General Practice, 61(585), e149–e156. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp11X567054
67. Seehusen, D. A., & Sheridan, R. (2013). Second-generation antidepressants for depression in adults. American Family Physician, 88(10), 687–689.
68. Silveira, H., Moraes, H., Oliveira, N., Coutinho, E. S., Laks, J., & Deslandes, A. (2013). Physical exercise and clinically depressed patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychobiology, 67(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345160
69. Sørensen, M. (2006). Motivation for physical activity of psychiatric patients when physical activity was offered as part of treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 16(6), 391–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00514.x
70. Stanton, R., & Reaburn, P. (2014). Exercise and the treatment of depression: A review of the exercise program variables. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(2), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.010
71. Sterne, J. A. C., Sutton, A. J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Jones, D. R., Lau, J., … Higgins, J. P. T. (2011). Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ, 343, d4002. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4002
72. Stonerock, G. L., Hoffman, B. M., Smith, P. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2015). Exercise as treatment for anxiety: Systematic review and analysis. Annals of behavioral medicine: A publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 49(4), 542–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-014-9685-9
73. Tobi, P., Kemp, P., & Schmidt, E. (2017). Cohort differences in exercise adherence among primary care patients referred for mental health versus physical health conditions. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 18(5), 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423617000214
74. Turk, D. C., Rudy, T. E., & Salovey, P. (1984). Health protection: Attitudes and behaviors of LPNs, teachers, and college students. Health Psychology, 3(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.3.3.189
75. Üstün, T. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Chatterji, S., Mathers, C., & Murray, C. J. L. (2004). Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 184(5), 386–392. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.386
76. *Veale, D., Le Fevre, K., Pantelis, C., de Souza, V., Mann, A., & Sargeant, A. (1992). Aerobic exercise in the adjunctive treatment of depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85(9), 541–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107689208500910
77. World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.