Keeping smoking affordable in higher tax environments via smoking thinner roll-your-own cigarettes: Findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey 2006–15

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 193, Issue , 2018, Pages 110-116

  Branston, J Robert ^a   McNeill, Ann ^b,c   Gilmore, Anna B ^b,d   Hiscock, Rosemary ^b,d   Partos, Timea R ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BATH   (United Kingdom)

^b UK CENTRE FOR TOBACCO AND ALCOHOL STUDIES   (United Kingdom)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Hand rolled; ITC; Roll your own; Taxation; Tobacco; Weight

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CANADA; CIGARETTE SMOKING; DEMOGRAPHY; FACTORY MADE CIGARETTE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROLL YOUR OWN CIGARETTE; SOCIAL ASPECT; TAX; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; ADOLESCENT; AGED; COMMERCIAL PHENOMENA; COST; ECONOMICS; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MIDDLE AGED; QUESTIONNAIRE; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMICS; TOBACCO; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AUSTRALIA; CANADA; COMMERCE; COSTS AND COST ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SMOKERS; SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; TAXES; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; TOBACCO SMOKING; UNITED KINGDOM; UNITED STATES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85055103314     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: 18790046     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.047     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alberta, Current and Historic Alberta Tax Rates (from January 1, 2000 to Current). 2017 (Accessed 23 January 2018 http://www.finance.alberta.ca/publications/tax_rebates/rates/hist1.html#tobacco.
2. Ayo-Yusuf, O.A., Olutola, B.G., ‘Roll-your-own’ cigarette smoking in South Africa between 2007 and 2010. BMC Public Health, 13, 2013, 597.
3. Begh, R., Lindson-Hawley, N., Aveyard, P., Does reduced smoking if you can't stop make any difference?. BMC Med., 13, 2015, 257.
4. Blecher, E., Van Walbeek, C., An international analysis of cigarette affordability. Tob. Control 13 (2004), 339–346.
5. Blecher, E.H., Van Walbeek, C.P., Cigarette affordability trends: an update and some methodological comments. Tob. Control 18 (2009), 167–175.
6. British Columbia, Tobacco Tax. 2018 https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/sales-taxes/tobacco-tax.
7. Brown, T., Platt, S., Amos, A., Equity impact of population-level interventions and policies to reduce smoking in adults: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 138 (2014), 7–16.
8. Brown, A.K., Nagelhout, G.E., van den Putte, B., Willemsen, M.C., Mons, U., Guignard, R., Thompson, M.E., Trends and socioeconomic differences in roll-your-own tobacco use: findings from the ITC Europe surveys. Tob. Control 24 (2015), iii11–iii16.
9. California State, Tax Rates - Special Taxes and Fees. 2017 https://www.boe.ca.gov/sptaxprog/tax_rates_stfd.htm.
10. Centers for Disease Control Prevention, How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease: a Report of the Surgeon General., 2010 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53017/.
11. Chaloupka, F.J., Yurekli, A., Fong, G.T., Tobacco taxes as a tobacco control strategy. Tob. Control 21 (2012), 172–180.
12. Chaloupka, F., Sweanor, D., Warner, K., Differential taxes for differential risks–toward reduced harm from nicotine-yielding products. N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (2015), 594–597.
13. Darrall, K.G., Figgins, J.A., Roll-your-own smoke yields: theoretical and practical aspects. Tob. Control 7 (1998), 168–175.
14. Devlin, E., Eadie, D., Angus, K., Rolling tobacco. Report Prepared for the National Health Service, Scotland, by the Centre for Tobacco Research, 2003, The University of Strathclyde Available at http://www.tobaccopapers.com/casestudies/Rolling-Tobacco.pdf.
15. Eriksen, M., Mackay, J., Ross, H., American Cancer Society, World Lung Foundation, The Tobacco Atlas. Available at, Fourth ed., 2012, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA https://tobaccoatlas.org/.
16. Fong, G.T., Cummings, K.M., Borland, R., Hastings, G., Hyland, A., Giovino, G.A., Hammond, D., Thompson, M.E., The conceptual framework of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) policy evaluation project. Tob. Control 15 (2006), iii3–iii11.
17. Fu, M., Martínez-Sánchez, J.M., Clèries, R., Villalbí, J.R., Daynard, R.A., Connolly, G.N., Fernández, E., Opposite trends in the consumption of manufactured and roll-your-own cigarettes in Spain (1991–2020). BMJ Open, 4, 2014, e006552.
18. Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Colombo, P., Pacifici, R., La Vecchia, C., Smoking prevalence in Italy 2011 and 2012, with a focus on hand-rolled cigarettes. Prev. Med. 56 (2013), 314–318.
19. Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Ghislandi, S., La Vecchia, C., Gilmore, A.B., Roll-your-own cigarettes in Europe: use, weight and implications for fiscal policies. Eur. J. Cancer Prev., 23, 2014, 186.
20. Gilmore, A.B., Tavakoly, B., Hiscock, R., Taylor, G., Smoking patterns in Great Britain: the rise of cheap cigarette brands and roll your own (RYO) tobacco. J. Public Health 37 (2014), 78–88.
21. Government of Australia, Excise Rates for Tobacco. Available at, 2017 https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Excise-and-excise-equivalent-goods/Tobacco-excise/Excise-rates-for-tobacco/.
22. Government of Canada, Current and Historical Excise Duty Rates. Available at, 2017 https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/forms-publications/publications/edrates-excise-duty-rates/excise-duty-rates.html#_Toc482700423.
23. Government of the United Kingdom, Excise Duty - Tobacco Duty Rates. Available at, 2017 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rates-and-allowances-excise-duty-tobacco-duty/excise-duty-tobacco-duty-rates.
24. Hackshaw, A., Morris, J.K., Boniface, S., Tang, J.-L., Milenković, D., Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ., 360, 2018, j5855.
25. Hiscock, R., Branston, J.R., McNeill, A., Hitchman, S.C., Partos, T.R., Gilmore, A.B., Tobacco industry strategies undermine government tax policy: evidence from commercial data. Tob. Control 27 (2018), 488–497.
26. HMRC, HM Revenue and Customs Tobacco Bulletin - July 2016. Available at, 2016 https://www.uktradeinfo.com/Statistics/Pages/TaxAndDutybulletins.aspx.
27. ITC Project, Tobacco Price and Taxation: ITC Cross-Country Comparison Report. Available at, 2014, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada http://www.itcproject.org/files/ITC_CrossCountry-Price-Tax-Final_Version-_May222014.pdf.
28. Koszowski, B., Rosenberry, Z.R., Viray, L.C., Potts, J.L., Pickworth, W.B., Make your own cigarettes: toxicant exposure, smoking topography, and subjective effects. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 23 (2014), 1793–1803.
29. Laugesen, M., Epton, M., Frampton, C.M., Glover, M., Lea, R.A., Hand-rolled cigarette smoking patterns compared with factory-made cigarette smoking in New Zealand men. BMC Public Health, 9, 2009, 194.
30. Leatherdale, S.T., Burkhalter, R., Roll-your-own tobacco use among Canadian youth: is it a bigger problem than we think?. BMC Public Health, 12, 2012, 557.
31. Licht, A.S., Hyland, A.J., O'Connor, R.J., Chaloupka, F.J., Borland, R., Fong, G.T., Nargis, N., Cummings, K.M., Socio-economic variation in price minimizing behaviors: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8 (2011), 234–252.
32. López-Nicolás, Á., Cobacho, M.B., Fernández, E., The Spanish tobacco tax loopholes and their consequences. Tob. Control 22 (2013), e21–e24.
33. Lugo, A., Asciutto, R., Pacifici, R., Colombo, P., La Vecchia, C., Gallus, S., Smoking in Italy 2013–2014, with a focus on the young. Tumori 101 (2015), 529–534.
34. New York State, Cigarette and Tobacco Product Tax. Available at, 2018 https://www.tax.ny.gov/bus/cig/cigidx.htm.
35. Newfoundland and Labrador, Tobacco Taxation. Available at, 2016 http://www.fin.gov.nl.ca/fin/tax_programs_incentives/personal/tobacco.html.
36. Ontario, Tobacco Tax Rates. Available at, 2017 https://www.ontario.ca/data/tobacco-tax-rates.
37. Partos, T.R., Gilmore, A.B., Hitchman, S.C., Hiscock, R., Branston, J.R., McNeill, A., Availability and use of cheap tobacco in the UK 2002–2014: findings from the International Tobacco Control Project. Nicotine Tob. Res. 20 (2017), 714–724.
38. Rosenberry, Z.R., Strasser, A.A., Canlas, L.L., Potts, J.L., Pickworth, W.B., Make your own cigarettes: characteristics of the product and the consumer. Nicotine Tob. Res. 15 (2013), 1453–1457.
39. Ross, H., Blecher, E., Yan, L., Cummings, K.M., Predictors of what smokers say they will do in response to future price increases. Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob. Res. 13 (2011), 419–425.
40. Shahab, L., West, R., McNeill, A., The feasibility of measuring puffing behavior in roll-your-own cigarette smokers. Tob. Control 17 (2008), i17–i23.
41. Shahab, L., West, R., McNeill, A., Clinical study: a comparison of exposure to carcinogens among roll‐your‐own and factory‐made cigarette smokers. Addict. Biol. 14 (2009), 315–320.
42. Shang, C., Chaloupka, F.J., Zahra, N., Fong, G.T., The distribution of cigarette prices under different tax structures: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation (ITC) Project. Tob. Control 23 (2013), i23–i29.
43. Tarrazo, M., Perez-Rios, M., Santiago-Pérez, M.I., Malvar, A., Suanzes, J., Hervada, X., Changes in tobacco consumption: boom of roll-your-own cigarettes and emergence of e-cigarettes. Gac. Sanit. 31 (2017), 204–209.
44. Thompson, M.E., Fong, G.T., Hammond, D., Boudreau, C., Driezen, P., Hyland, A., Borland, R., Cummings, K.M., Hastings, G.B., Siahpush, M., Methods of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob. Control 15 (2006), iii12–iii18.
45. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Tax and Fee Rates. Available at, 2018 https://www.ttb.gov/tax_audit/atftaxes.shtml.
46. World Health Organization, Effectiveness of tax and price policies for tobacco control. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention in Tobacco Control, 2011 Available at http://publications.iarc.fr/_publications/media/download/4018/05229a5e57f58b0bf51364dd0f3329d45c898839.pdf.
47. Young, D., Borland, R., Hammond, D., Cummings, K., Devlin, E., Yong, H., O'Connor, R., Prevalence and attributes of roll-your-own smokers in the International tobacco control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob. Control 15 (2006), iii76–iii82.
48. Young, D., Wilson, N., Borland, R., Edwards, R., Weerasekera, D., Prevalence, correlates of, and reasons for using roll-your-own tobacco in a high RYO use country: findings from the ITC New Zealand survey. Nicotine Tob. Res. 12 (2010), 1089–1098.
49. Young, D., Yong, H.-H., Borland, R., Shahab, L., Hammond, D., Cummings, K.M., Wilson, N., Trends in roll-your-own smoking: findings from the ITC Four-Country Survey (2002–2008). J. Environ. Public Health(2012), 2012, 1–7.