Smoking prevalence in Italy 2011 and 2012, with a focus on hand-rolled cigarettes

Preventive Medicine

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 314-318

  Gallus, Silvano ^a   Lugo, Alessandra ^a   Colombo, Paolo ^b   Pacifici, Roberta ^c   La Vecchia, Carlo ^a,d  

^a MARIO NEGRI INSTITUTE FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH   (Italy)

^b Gallup International Association   (Italy)

^c ISTITUTO SUPERIORE DI SANITÀ   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Hand rolled tobacco; Italy; Population survey; Tobacco smoking; Type of cigarettes

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HAND ROLLED CIGARETTE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; ITALY; MALE; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKELESS TOBACCO; SMOKING; TOBACCO;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; DATA COLLECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; ITALY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; SMOKING; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84876735020     PISSN: 00917435     EISSN: 10960260     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.009     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. ACNielsen Ltd National Cigarette Smoking Survey 2002 2002, Ministry of health, Wellington.
2. Benhamou S., Benhamou E., Tirmarche M., Flamant R. Lung cancer and use of cigarettes: a French case-control study. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1985, 74:1169-1175.
3. Bogdanovica I., Godfrey F., McNeill A., Britton J. Smoking prevalence in the European Union: a comparison of national and transnational prevalence survey methods and results. Tob. Control. 2011, 20:e4.
4. CDC Consumption of cigarettes and combustible tobacco-United States, 2000-2011. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2012, 61:565-569.
5. Chaloupka F.J., Straif K., Leon M.E. Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control. Tob. Control. 2011, 20:235-238.
6. Darrall K.G., Figgins J.A. Roll-your-own smoke yields: theoretical and practical aspects. Tob. Control. 1998, 7:168-175.
7. De Stefani E., Oreggia F., Rivero S., Fierro L. Hand-rolled cigarette smoking and risk of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx. Cancer 1992, 70:679-682.
8. De Stefani E., Fierro L., Larrinaga M.T., Balbi J.C., Ronco A., Mendilaharsu M. Smoking of hand-rolled cigarettes as a risk factor for small cell lung cancer in men: a case-control study from Uruguay. Lung Cancer 1994, 11:191-199.
9. De Stefani E., Boffetta P., Oreggia F., Mendilaharsu M., Deneo-Pellegrini H. Smoking patterns and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx: a case-control study in Uruguay. Oral Oncol. 1998, 34:340-346.
10. De Stefani E., Fierro L., Barrios E., Ronco A. Tobacco, alcohol, diet and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case-control study in Uruguay. Leuk. Res. 1998, 22:445-452.
11. European Commission Council Directive 2010/12/EU. Off. J. Eur. Union 2010, 53:1-7. (Available online at: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:050:FULL:EN:PDF).
12. European Commission Excise Duty Tables. Part III-Manufactured Tobacco Available online at:, (Brussels). http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/resources/documents/taxation/excise_duties/tobacco_products/rates/excise_duties-part_iii_tobacco_en.pdf.
13. Gallus S., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., et al. Effects of new smoking regulations in Italy. Ann. Oncol. 2006, 17:346-347.
14. Gallus S., Muttarak R., Martinez-Sanchez J.M., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., La Vecchia C. Smoking prevalence and smoking attributable mortality in Italy, 2010. Prev. Med. 2011, 52:434-438.
15. Gallus S., Tramacere I., Boffetta P., et al. Temporal changes of under-reporting of cigarette consumption in population-based studies. Tob. Control. 2011, 20:34-39.
16. Gallus S., Tramacere I., Pacifici R., et al. Smoking in Italy 2008-2009: a rise in prevalence related to the economic crisis?. Prev. Med. 2011, 52:182-183.
17. Hanewinkel R., Radden C., Rosenkranz T. Price increase causes fewer sales of factory-made cigarettes and higher sales of cheaper loose tobacco in Germany. Health Econ. 2008, 17:683-693.
18. IARC IARC handbooks of cancer prevention: tobacco control. Effectiveness of Price and Tax Policies for Control of Tobacco 2011, vol. 14. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
19. ISTAT Available online at:. http://dati.istat.it/.
20. Joossens L., Raw M. The Tobacco Control Scale 2010 in Europe 2011, (Available online at: http://www.europeancancerleagues.org/images/stories/The_TCS_2010_in_Europe_Final_4.pdf).
21. Lader D., Meltzer H. Smoking Related Behaviour and Attitudes 2001, Office for National Statistics, London.
22. Laugesen M., Epton M., Frampton C.M., Glover M., Lea R.A. Hand-rolled cigarette smoking patterns compared with factory-made cigarette smoking in New Zealand men. BMC Publ. Health 2009, 9:194.
23. Lopez A., Collishaw N., Piha T. A descriptive model of the cigarette epidemic in developed countries. Tob. Control. 1994, 3:242-247.
24. Lopez-Nicolas A., Cobacho M.B., Fernandez E. The Spanish tobacco tax loopholes and their consequences. Tob. Control 2012, 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050344.
25. Menvielle G., Luce D., Goldberg P., Bugel I., Leclerc A. Smoking, alcohol drinking and cancer risk for various sites of the larynx and hypopharynx. A case-control study in France. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2004, 13:165-172.
26. OSSFAD Rapporto annuale sul fumo, 2008 available online at:. http://www.iss.it/binary/fumo/cont/Rapporto_annuale_sul_fumo_anno_2008.pdf.
27. OSSFAD Rapporto annuale sul fumo, 2012 available online at:. http://www.iss.it/binary/fumo/cont/Rapporto_annuale_sul_fumo_2012.pdf.
28. Thun M., Peto R., Boreham J., Lopez A.D. Stages of the cigarette epidemic on entering its second century. Tob. Control. 2012, 21:96-101. (discussion 101-102).
29. Tramacere I., Gallus S., Fernandez E., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., La Vecchia C. Medium-term effects of Italian smoke-free legislation: findings from four annual population-based surveys. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2009, 63:559-562.
30. Tramacere I., Gallus S., Pacifici R., Zuccaro P., Colombo P., La Vecchia C. Smoking in young and adult population, Italy 2009. Tumori 2011, 97:423-427.
31. Tsai Y.W., Yang C.L., Chen C.S., Liu T.C., Chen P.F. The effect of Taiwan's tax-induced increases in cigarette prices on brand-switching and the consumption of cigarettes. Health Econ. 2005, 14:627-641.
32. WHO World Health Organization (WHO) Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER Package 2008, World Health Organization, Geneva, (available online at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596282_eng.pdf).
33. WHO World Health Organization (WHO) report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011. Warning about the dangers of tobacco 2011, World Health Organization, Geneva, (available online at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240687813_eng.pdf).
34. Wood D.M., Mould M.G., Ong S.B., Baker E.H. "Pack year" smoking histories: what about patients who use loose tobacco?. Tob. Control. 2005, 14:141-142.
35. Young D., Borland R., Hammond D., et al. Prevalence and attributes of roll-your-own smokers in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob. Control. 2006, 15(Suppl. 3):iii76-iii82.