Risk analysis in engineering and economics, second edition

Risk Analysis in Engineering and Economics, Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 1-603

  Ayyub, Bilal M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85054372245     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b16663     Document Type: Book

References (353)

1. Abraham, D.M., Bernold, L.E., and Livingston, E.E., 1989. Emulation for control system analysis in automated construction, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 3(4), 320-332.
2. Al-Bahar, J. and Crandall, K., 1990. Systematic risk management approach for construction project, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 116(3), 533-547.
3. Albus, J.S., 1991. Outline for a theory of intelligence, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 21(3), 473-509.
4. Albus, J.S., 1998. 4D/RCS: A Reference Model Architecture for Demo III, Version 1.0, NISTIR 5994, Gaithersburg, MD.
5. Alderson, M.R., 1981. International Mortality Statistics, Facts on Life, Inc., New York.
6. Allen, D.E., 1981. Criteria for design safety factors and quality assurance expenditure, in Structural Safety and Reliability, Moan, T. and Shinozuka, M., Eds., Elsevier, New York, pp. 667-678.
7. Al-Tabtabai, H. and Alex, A., 2000. Modeling the cost of political risk in international construction projects, Project Management Journal, 4(6-9), 11.
8. Al-Tabtabai, H., Alex, A., and Abou-alfotouh, A., 2001. Conflict resolution using cognitive analysis approach, Project Management Journal, 32(2), 4-5.
9. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1966. Rx for risk communication: Winning strategies for project managers seeking trust and credibility within a community, by S.D. Perry, Civil Engineering Magazine, 66(8), 61-63, ASCE, Reston, VA.
10. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2009. Report Card for America’s Infrastructure, ASCE, Reston, VA.
11. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 1993. The Use of Decision-Analytic Reliability Methods in Codes and Standards Work, Research Report, Vol. 23, CRTD, New York.
12. Ames, B., Megaw, R., and Golds, S., 1990. Ranking possible carcinogenic hazards in, Readings in Risk, Glickman, T.S., and Gough, M., Eds., 17-92, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
13. Anderson, R.T. and Neri, L., 1990. Reliability-Centered Maintenance, Elsevier, London.
14. Ang, A. and Tang, W., 2007. Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
15. Ang, A.-H., Cheung, M.C., Shugar, T.A., and Fernie, J.D., 1999. Reliability-based fatigue analysis and design of floating structures, in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures, Ertekin, R.C. and Kim, J.W., Eds., University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, pp. 375-380.
16. Ang, A.-H. and Tang, W.H., 1984. Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design: Decision, Risk, and Reliability, Vol. II, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
17. Apostolakis, G. and Mosleh, A., 1979. Expert opinion and statistical evidence: An application to reactor core melt frequency, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 70, 135.
18. Arnould, R.J. and Grabowski, H., 1981. Auto safety regulation: An analysis of market failure, Bell Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 12, 27-45.
19. Arnould, R.J. and Nichols, L.M., 1983. Wage-risk premiums and worker’s compensation: A refinement of estimates of compensating wage differentials, Journal of Political Economy, 91, 332-340.
20. Arthur, W.B., 1981. The economics of risks to life, American Economic Review, 71(1), 54-64.
21. Ashley, D.D. and Bonner, J.J., 1987. Political risk in international construction, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(3), 447-467.
22. Austin, D.F., 1998. Philosophical Analysis: A Defense by Example, Philosophical Studies Series, Vol. 39, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht.
23. Australian Safety and Compensation Council (ASCC), 2008. The Health of Nations: The Value of a Statistical Life, ASCC, Commonwealth of Australia.
24. Ayyub, B.M., 1991. Systems framework for fuzzy sets in civil engineering, International Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 40(3), 491-508.
25. Ayyub, B.M., 1992a. Generalized treatment of uncertainties in structural engineering, in Analysis and Management of Uncertainty: Theory and Applications, Ayyub, B.M. and Gupta, M.M., Eds., Elsevier, New York, pp. 235-246.
26. Ayyub, B.M., 1992b. Fault Tree Analysis of Cargo Elevators Onboard Ships, BMA Engineering Report, Naval Sea System Command, US Navy, Crystal City, VA.
27. Ayyub, B.M., 1993. Handbook for Risk-Based Plant Integrity, BMA Engineering Report, Chevron Research and Technology Corporation, Richmond, CA.
28. Ayyub, B.M., 1994. The nature of uncertainty in structural engineering, in Uncertainty Modelling and Analysis: Theory and Applications, Ayyub, B.M. and Gupta, M.M., Eds., North-Holland/Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 195-210.
29. Ayyub, B.M., 1997. Guidelines for Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Marine Systems, US Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
30. Ayyub, B.M., Ed., 1998. Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
31. Ayyub, B.M., 1999. Guidelines on Expert-Opinion Elicitation of Probabilities and Consequences for Corps Facilities, US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Alexandria, VA.
32. Ayyub, B.M., 2002. Elicitation of Expert Opinions for Uncertainty and Risks, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
33. Ayyub, B.M., 2010. On uncertainty in information and ignorance in knowledge, Journal of General Systems, 39(4), 415-435.
34. Ayyub, B.M., 2012. Uncertainty analysis and risk quantification for adaptation to sea level rise, Paper CMTC-153151-PP, Carbon Management Technology Conference, ASCE, etc., Orlando, FL.
35. Ayyub, B.M., 2013. Systems resilience for multi-hazard environments: Definition, metrics and valuation for decision making, Working paper CTSM13-01, Center for Technology and Systems Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
36. Ayyub, B.M. and Chao, R.-J., 1998. Uncertainty modeling in civil engineering with structural and reliability applications, in Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Civil Engineering, Ayyub, B.M., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-32.
37. Ayyub, B.M. and Gupta, M.M., Eds., 1997. Uncertainty Analysis in Engineering and the Sciences: Fuzzy Logic, Statistics, and Neural Network Approach, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
38. Ayyub, B.M. and Haldar, A., 1984. Practical structural reliability techniques, ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 110(8), 1707-1724.
39. Ayyub, B.M. and Kaminskiy, M., 2001. Assessment of Hazard Functions for Components and Systems, Technical Report, US Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, MA.
40. Ayyub, B.M. and Kaminskiy, M.P., 2009. Quantitative representation of risk, in Risk Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment Volume in the Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, Ayyub, B.M. and Voller, G., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
41. Ayyub, B.M. and Klir, G., 2006. Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis in Engineering and the Sciences, CRC Press/Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton, FL.
42. Ayyub, B.M. and McCuen, R.H., 2011. Probability, Statistics, and Reliability for Engineers and Scientists, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
43. Ayyub, B.M. and Moser, D.A., 2000. Economic Consequence Assessment of Floods in the Feather River Basin of California Using Expert-Opinion Elicitation, Technical Report, US Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Alexandria, VA.
44. Ayyub, B.M. and Parker, L., 1494. Financing nuclear liability, Science, 334.
45. Ayyub, B.M. and White, G.J., 1990a. Life expectancy of marine structures, Marine Structures, 3, 301-317.
46. Ayyub, B.M. and White, G.J., 1990b. Structural life expectancy of marine vessels, International Journal of Marine Structures: Design, Construction and Safety, 3(4), 301-317.
47. Ayyub, B.M. and White, G.J., 1995. Probability-based life prediction, in Probabilistic Structural Mechanics Handbook, Sundararajan, C., Ed., Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 416-428.
48. Ayyub, B.M. and Wilcox, R., 1999. A Risk-Based Compliance Approval Process for Personal Flotation Devices, Final Report, US Coast Guard, Office of Design and Engineering Standards, Lifesaving and Fire Safety Standards Division, Washington, DC.
49. Ayyub, B.M. and Wilcox, R., 2001. A Risk-Based Compliance Approval Process for Personal Flotation Devices Using Performance Models, BMA Engineering, Potomac, MD.
50. Ayyub, B.M., Assakkaf, I., Atua, K., Engle, A., Hess, P., Karaszewski, Z., Kihl, D., et al., 1998a. Reliability-Based Design of Ship Structures: Current Practice and Emerging Technologies, Research Report to the US Coast Guard, SNAME, T & R Report R-53.
51. Ayyub, B.M., Assakkaf, I., Popescu, C., and Karaszewski, Z., 1998b. Methodology and Guidelines for Risk-Informed Analysis for the Engine Room Arrangement Model, Technical Report No. CTSM-98-RIA-ERAM-2, Center for Technology and Systems Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
52. Ayyub, B.M., Baecher, G., and Johnson, P., 1998c. Guidelines for Risk-Based Assessment of Dam Safety, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
53. Ayyub, B.M., Braileanu, H.G., and Qureshi, N., 2012. Prediction and impact of sea level rise on properties and infrastructure of Washington, DC, Risk Analysis Journal, Society for Risk Analysis, 32(11), 1901-1918.
54. Ayyub, B.M., Foster, J., and McGill, W.L., 2009a. Risk analysis of a protected hurricaneprone region I: Model development, ASCE Natural Hazards Review, 38-53, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2009)10:2(38).
55. Ayyub, B.M., Gupta, M.M., and Kanal, L.N., 1992. Analysis and Management of Uncertainty: Theory and Applications, Elsevier, New York.
56. Ayyub, B.M., Guran, A., and Haldar, A., Eds., 1997. Uncertainty Modeling in Vibration, Control, and Fuzzy Analysis of Structural Systems, World Scientific, Singapore.
57. Ayyub, B.M., Koko, K.S., Akpan, U.O., and Rushton, P.A., 2002. Risk-Based Maintenance Management System for Ship Structure, NAVSEA SBIR Report, US Navy, Washington, DC.
58. Ayyub, B.M., McGill, W.L., Foster, J., and Jones, H.W., 2009b. Risk analysis of a protected hurricane-prone region II: Computations and illustrations, ASCE Natural Hazards Review, 54-67, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2009)10:2(38).
59. Ayyub, B.M., McGill, W.L., and Kaminskiy, M., 2007. Critical asset and portfolio risk analysis for homeland security: An all-hazards framework, Risk Analysis, 27(3), 789-801.
60. Ayyub, B.M., Riley, B.C., and Hoge, M.T., 1996. Expert Elicitation of Unsatisfactory-Performance Probabilities and Consequences for Civil Works Facilities, Technical Report, US Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh, PA.
61. Ayyub, B.M., White, G.J., Bell-Wright, T.F., and Purcell, E.S., 1990. Comparative structural life assessment of patrol boat bottom plating. Naval Engineers Journal, 102(3), 253-262.
62. Ayyub, B.M., White, G.J., and Purcell, E.S., 1989. Estimation of structural service life of ships, Naval Engineers Journal, 101(3), 156-166.
63. Baca, G.S., 1990. Tort Liability and Risk Management, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
64. Bailey, K.D., 1994. Methods of Social Research, Free Press, New York.
65. Bajaj, D., Oluwoye, J., and Lenard, D., 1997. An analysis of contractor’s approaches to risk identification in New South Wales, Australia, Construction Management and Economics, 15, 363-369.
66. Balkey, K.R., Abramson, L., Ayyub, B.M., Vic Chapman, O.J., Gore, B.F., Harris, D.O., Karydas, D., et al., 1994. Risk-Based Inspection: Development of Guidelines, Vol. 3: Fossil-Fuel-Fired Electric Power Generating Station Applications, CRTD, Vol. 20-0-3, ASME, Washington, DC.
67. Balkey, K.R., Ayyub, B.M., Vic Chapman, O.J., Gore, B.F., Harris, D.O., Karydas, D., Simonen, F.A., and Smith, H., 1991. Risk-Based Inspection: Development of Guidelines, Vol. 1: General Document, CRTD, Vol. 20-0-1, ASME, Washington, DC (also NUREG/GR-0005, Vol. 1, by Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC).
68. Balkey, K.R., Ayyub, B.M., Vic Chapman, O.J., Gore, B.F., Harris, D.O., Phillips, J.H., Krishnan, F., et al., 1993. Risk-Based Inspection: Development of Guidelines, Vol. 2, Part 1: Light Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Components, CRTD, Vol. 20-0-2, ASME, Washington, DC (also NUREG/GR-0005, Vol. 2, Part 1, by Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC).
69. Balkey, K.R., Simonen, F.A., Gold, J., Ayyub, B.M., Abramson, L., Vic Chapman, O.J., Gore, B.F., et al., 1998. Risk-Based Inspection: Development of Guidelines, Vol. 2, Part 2: Light Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Components, CRTD, Vol. 20-0-4, ASME, Washington, DC.
70. Baram, M.S., 1980. Cost-benefit analysis: An inadequate basis for health, safety, and environmental regulatory decision making, Ecology Law Quarterly, 8(3), 473-531.
71. Barbier, E.B., 1994. Valuing environmental functions: Tropical wetlands, Land Economics, 70(2), 155-173.
72. Barlow, R.E. and Proschan, F., 1966. Tolerance and confidence limits for classes of distributions based on failure rates, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 37, 6.
73. Barlow, R.E. and Proschan, F., 1975. Statistical Theory of Reliability and Life Testing, Probability Models, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
74. Baum, J.W., 1994. Value of Public Health and Safety Actions and Radiation Dose Avoided, NUREG/CR-6212, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, p. 43.
75. Berke, P., Kartez, J., and Wenger, D., 2008. Recovery after disaster: Achieving sustainable development, mitigation and equity, Disasters, 17, 93-109.
76. Bernstein, P., 1998. Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
77. Bier, V.M., 1999. Challenges to the acceptance of probabilistic risk analysis, Risk Analysis, 19(4), 703-710.
78. Bishop, R.C., Boyle, K.J., and Welsh, M.P., 1987. Toward total economic value of Great Lakes fishery resources, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 116(3), 339-345.
79. Black, K., 1996. Causes of project failure: a survey of professional engineers, PM Network, 10(11), 21-24.
80. Blackman, H.S., 1997. Human Reliability Assessment Training Course, University of Maryland Center for Technology and Systems Management, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
81. Blake, W.M., Hammond, K.R., and Meyer, G.M., 1975. An alternate approach to labour-management relations, Administrative Science Quarterly, 18(3), 311-327.
82. Blanchard, B.S., 1998. System Engineering Management, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.
83. Blockley, D.I., 1975. Predicting the likelihood of structural accidents, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 59(4), 659-668.
84. Blockley, D.I., 1979a. The calculations of uncertainty in civil engineering, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 67(2), 313-326.
85. Blockley, D.I., 1979b. The role of fuzzy sets in civil engineering, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 2, 267-278.
86. Blockley, D.I., 1980. The Nature of Structural Design and Safety, Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
87. Blockley, D.I., Pilsworth, B.W., and Baldwin, J.F., 1983. Measures of uncertainty, Civil Engineering Systems, 1, 3-9.
88. Bogdanoff, J.L. and Kozin, F., 1985. Probabilistic Models of Cumulative Damage, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
89. Bostrom, N., 2002. Existential risks: Analyzing human extinction scenarios and related hazards, Journal of Evolution and Technology, 9(1).
90. Bouissac, P., 1992. The construction of ignorance and the evolution of knowledge, University of Toronto Quarterly, 61(4), 460-472.
91. Bremermann, H.J., 1962. Optimization through evolution and recombination, in Self-Organizing Systems, Yovits, M.C., Jacobi, G.T., and Goldstein, G.D., Eds., Spartan Books, Washington, DC, pp. 93-106.
92. British Standards Institute (BSI), 1996. Guide to Project Management, BS 6079, BSI, London, pp. 28-29.
93. Brown, C.B., 1979. A fuzzy safety measure, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 105(EM5), 855-872.
94. Brown, C.B., 1980. The merging of fuzzy and crisp information, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 106(EM1), 123-133.
95. Brown, C.B. and Yao, J.T.P., 1983. Fuzzy sets and structural engineering, Journal of Structural Engineering, 109(5), 1211-1225.
96. Burby, R., Ed., 1998. Cooperating with Nature: Confronting Natural Hazards and Land-Use Planning for Sustainable Communities, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC.
97. Burrage, K., 1995. Risk management in safety critical areas, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 61, 229-256.
98. Callicott, J.B., 2004. Explicit and implicit Values in the ESA, in The Endangered Species Act at Thirty: Retrospect and Prospects, Davies, F., Goble, D., Heal, G., and Scott, M., Eds., Island Press, Washington, DC.
99. Campbell, D.T., 1974. Evolutionary epistemology, in The Philosophy of Karl Popper, Schilpp, P.A., Ed., Open Court Publishing, LaSalle, IL, pp. 1413-1463.
100. Castle, G., 1976. The 55 mph limit: A cost-benefit analysis, Traffic Engineering, 46, 11-14.
101. Chestnut, H., 1965. Systems Engineering Tools, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
102. Choudhuri, S., 1994. Project Management, McGraw-Hill, New York.
103. Clark, K., 2011. Near Term Hurricane Models: Performance Update, Karen Clark & Company, Boston, MA.
104. Clark, W.C., 1980. Witches, floods and wonder drugs, in Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? Schwing, R.C. and Albers, W.A., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 287-318.
105. Clotfelter, C.T. and Hahn, J.C., 1978. Assessing the national 55 mph speed limit, Policy Sciences, 9, 281-294.
106. Cohen, B.L., 1980. Society’s valuation of life saving in radiation protection and other contexts, Health Physics, 38, 33-51.
107. Cohen, B.L., 1981. Long-term consequences of the linear-no-threshold-response relationship for chemical carcinogens, Risk Analysis, 1(4), 267-275.
108. Coleman, J. and Mendlow, G., 2010. Theories of tort law, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Zalta, E.N., Ed., Fall 2010 Edition, http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2010/entries/tort-theories/.
109. Committee on Safety Criteria for Dams, 1985. Safety of Dams: Flood and Earthquake Criteria, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
110. Committee on the Safety of Existing Dams, 1983. Safety of Existing Dams, Evaluation and Improvement, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
111. Cooke, R.M., 1986. Problems with empirical Bayes, Risk Analysis, 6(3), 269-272.
112. Cooke, R.M., 1991. Experts in Uncertainty, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
113. Coplin, W.D. and O’Leary, M.K., 1994. The Handbook of Country and Political Risk Analysis, Political Risk Services, New York, ISBN 1 85271 302 X.
114. Cournot, A., 1838. Recherches sur les principes math ematiques de la thorie des richesses [Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth], Hachette, Paris.
115. Daidola, J.C. and Basar, N.S., 1981. Probabilistic Structural Analysis of Ship Hull Longitudinal Strength, NTIS Publication AD-A099118, Gaithersburg, MD.
116. Datta, S. and Mukherjee, S.K., 2001. Developing a risk management matrix for effective project planning: An empirical study, Project Management Journal, 32(2), 45-55.
117. Datta, S. and Sridhar, A.V., 1999. A Case Study on BSL Modernization: A Book of Selected Cases, Vol. V, Management Training Institute, Steel Authority of India Ltd., Ranchi, India.
118. Datta, S., Sridhar, A.V., and Bhat, K.S., 1998. A Case Study on DSP Modernization: A Book of Selected Cases, Vol. IV, Management Training Institute, Steel Authority of India Ltd., Ranchi, India.
119. Davidson, J., Ed., 1994. The Reliability of Mechanical Systems, Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd., The Institute of Mechanical Engineers, London.
120. De Garmo, E.P., Sullivan, W.G., Bontadelli, J.A., and Wicks, E.M., 1997. Engineering Economy, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, New York.
121. Deisler, P.F., 2002. A perspective: Risk analysis as a tool for reducing the risks of terrorism, Risk Analysis, 22(3), 405-413.
122. Demsetz, L.A., Cairio, R., and Schulte-Strathaus, R., 1996. Inspection of Marine Structures, Ship Structure Committee Report No. 389, US Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
123. Department of Defense (DoD), 1991. Military Handbook 217 (MIL-HDBK-217), Department of Defense, Washington, DC.
124. Department of the Navy, 1998. Top Eleven Ways to Manage Technical Risk, NAVSO P-3686, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (RD&A), Acquisition and Business Management, Washington, DC, pp. 99-110.
125. Derby, S.L. and Keeney, R.L., 1990. Risk analysis: Understanding how safe is safe enough, in Readings in Risk, Glickman, T.S. and Gough, M., Eds., 43-49, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
126. Det Norske Veritas (DNV), 1992. Structural Reliability Analysis of Marine Structures, Classification Notes No. 30.6, Det Norske Veritas Classification AS, Norway.
127. Dexter, R.J. and Pilarski, P., 2000. Effect of Welded Stiffeners on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, SSC-413, Ship Structure Committee, US Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
128. di Carlo, C.W., 1998. Evolutionary epistemology and the concept of ignorance, PhD dissertation, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.
129. Dillon-Merrill, R.L., Parnell, G.S., and Buckshaw, D.L., 2009. Logic trees: Fault, success, attack, event, probability, and decision trees, in Risk Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment Volume in the Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, Ayyub, B.M. and Voller, J.C., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2009.
130. Douglas, J., 1985. Measuring and managing environmental risk, EPRI Journal, July/August, 7-13.
131. Drury, C.G. and Lock, M.W.B., 1996. Ergonomics in civil aircraft inspection: Human error in aircraft inspection and maintenance, paper presented to Marine Board Committee on Human Performance, Organizational Systems, and Maritime Safety, National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
132. Duncan, R. and Weston-Smith, M., 1977. The Encyclopedia of Ignorance, Pergamon Press, New York.
133. Eldukair, Z.A. and Ayyub, B.M., 1991. Analysis of recent US structural and construction failures, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 5(1), 57-73.
134. Ellingwood, B.R., 1995. Engineering reliability and risk analysis for water resources investments: Role of structural degradation in time-dependent reliability analyses, Contract Report ITL-95-3, US Army Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, pp. 1-56.
135. Ellingwood, B.R. and Mori, Y., 1993. Probabilistic methods for condition assessment and life prediction of concrete structures in nuclear plants, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 142, 155-166.
136. Erb, C.B., Harvey, C.R., and Viskanta, T.E., 1996. Political risk, economic risk and financial risk, Financial Analysts Journal, http://www.duke.edu/~charvey/Country_risk/pol/pol.htm.
137. 2 records from the law dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html.
138. Ezell, B.C., Bennett, S.P., von Winterfeldt, D., Sokolowski, J., and Collins, A.J., 2010. Probabilistic risk analysis and terrorism risk, Risk Analysis, 30(4), 575-589.
139. Farmer, F.R., 1967a. Reactor safety and siting: A proposed risk criterion, Nuclear Safety, 8(6), 539-548.
140. Farmer, F.R., 1967b. Siting criteria-New approach, in Proceedings of Symposium on Containment Siting of Nuclear Power Plants, SM-89/34, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wieden, Austria.
141. Federal Aviation Administration, 1998. The Economic Value for Evaluation of Federal Aviation Administration Investment and Regulatory Programs, FAA-APO-98-8, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
142. Feinberg, K., 2001. Final report of the special master for the September 11th victim compensation fund of 2001, Vol. I, US Department of Justice, http://www.usdoj.gov/final_report.pdf and http://www.usdoj.gov/archive/victimcompensation/index.html.
143. Feldman, A.D. and Owen, H.J., 1997. Communication of flood-risk information, in Proceedings of a Hydrology and Hydraulics Workshop on Risk-Based Analysis for Flood Damage Reduction Studies, Hydraulic Engineering Center, US Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, CA.
144. Fischhoff, B., 2005. The psychological perception of risk, in Handbook of Homeland Security, Kamien, D., Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 463-492.
145. Fragola, J.R., 1996. Reliability and risk analysis data base development: A historical perspective, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 51, 125-136.
146. Fratzen, K.A., 2001. Risk-Based Analysis for Environmental Managers, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
147. Furuta, H., Fu, K.S., and Yao, J.T.P., 1985. Structural engineering applications of expert systems, Computer Aided Design, 17(9), 410-419.
148. Furuta, H., Shiraishi, N., and Yao, J.T.P., 1986. An expert system for evaluation of structural durability, Proceedings of the Fifth OMAE Symposium, 1, 11-15.
149. Garey, M.R. and Johnson, D.S., 1979. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.
150. Gertamn, D.I. and Blackman, H.S., 1994. Human Reliability and Safety Analysis Data Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
151. Gilbert, S.W., 2010. Disaster Resilience: A Guide to the Literature, NIST Special Publication 1117, Office of Applied Economics, Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
152. Grose, V.L., 1987. Managing Risk, Obega System Group, Arlington, VA.
153. Gruhn, P., 1991. The pros & cons of qualitative and quantitative analysis of safety systems, ISA Transactions, 30(4), 79-86.
154. Hall, A.D., 1962. A Method for Systems Engineering, D. Van Nostrand Company, Princeton, NJ.
155. Hall, A.D., 1989. Metasystems Methodology, A New Synthesis and Unification, Pergamon Press, New York.
156. Hallden, S., 1986. The Strategy of Ignorance: From Decision Logic to Evolutionary Epistemology. Library of Theoria, Stockholm.
157. Hamley, T.C., Morgan, V.I., Thwaites, R.J., and Gao, X.Q., 1986. An ice-core drilling site at Law Dome Summit, Wilkes Land, Antarctica, Res. Note 37, Aust. Natl. Antarc. Res. Exped., Tasmania, see also http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html
158. Hammond, K.R., McClelland, G.H., and Mumpower, J.M., 1980. Human Judgment and Decision Making: Theories, Methods, and Procedures, Praeger, New York.
159. Hanes, B.J., Chess, C., and Sandman, P.M., 1991. Industry Risk Communication Manual: Improving Dialogue with Communities, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
160. Hansen, K.A., 1995. Evaluating Technology for Marine Inspectors, US Coast Guard Research and Development Center, Groton, CT.
161. Harrald, J., 1999. The Washington State Ferry Risk Assessment, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, WA.
162. Hart, C.J., 1988. A Study of the Factors Influencing the Rough Water Effectiveness of Personal Flotation Devices, DTRC-88/026, David Taylor Research Center, US Navy, Corderock, MD.
163. Hausken, K., 2002. Probabilistic risk analysis and game theory, Risk Analysis, 22(1), 17-27.
164. Helmer, O., 1968. Analysis of the future: The Delphi method, and the Delphi method-An illustration, in Technological Forecasting for Industry and Government, Bright, J., Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
165. Hofstadter, H.R., 1999. Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Basic Books, New York.
166. Honderich, H., 1995. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
167. House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, 2006. Channel tunnel rail link, thirty-eighth report of session 2005-06, HC 727, The Stationery Office Limited, London.
168. Hoyland, A. and Rausand, M., 1994. System Reliability Theory, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
169. Hubbard, D.W., 2009. The Failure of Risk Management: Why It’s Broken and How to Fix It, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
170. Inozu, B., 1993. Reliability, availability and maintainability databank for ships: Lesson learned, report for the School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA.
171. Inozu, B. and Radovic, I., 1999. Practical Implementation of Shared Reliability and Maintainability Databases on Ship Machinery: Challenges and Rewards, Transactions Institute of Marine Engineers, 111, 121-134.
172. Institution of Civil Engineers and the Faculty and Institute of Actuaries, 1998. Risk Analysis and Management for Projects, Vol. 53, Thomas Telford Publishing, London, pp. 33-36.
173. Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC); Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.L., Eds., 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.
174. Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC), 2012. Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation (SREX), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York.
175. International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft, 1995. International Maritime Organization, Annex 4, Procedure for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, US Coast Guard, Washington, DC, pp. 175-185.
176. International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD), 1974. Lessons from Dam Incidents, ICOLD, Paris.
177. International Committee on Large Dams (ICOLD), 1983. Deterioration of Dams and Reservoirs, ICOLD, Paris.
178. International Maritime Organization, 1995. International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft (HSC Code), Resolution MSC, 36(63), adopted on May 20, 1994.
179. International Organization of Standardizations (ISO), 2009a. Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines, ISO 31000, iso.org, Geneva.
180. International Organization of Standardizations (ISO), 2009b, Risk Management-Risk Assessment Techniques, ISO Standard IEC/FDIS 31010, iso.org, Geneva.
181. International Organization of Standardizations (ISO), 2009c. Risk Management-Vocabulary, ISO Guide 73, iso.org, Geneva.
182. Ishizuka, M., Fu, K.S., and Yao, J.T.P., 1981. A Rule-Inference Method for Damage Assessment, ASCE Preprint 81-502, ASCE, St. Louis, MO.
183. Ishizuka, M., Fu, K.S., and Yao, J.T.P., 1983. Rule-based damage assessment system for existing structures, Solid Mechanics Archives, 8, 99-118.
184. Jannadi, M.O., 1997. Reasons for construction business failures in Saudi Arabia, Project Management Journal, 28(2), 32-36.
185. Johnson-Laird, P., 1988. The Computer and the Mind: An Introduction to Cognitive Science, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
186. Jones, R.B., 1995. Risk-Based Management: A Reliability-Centered Approach, Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX.
187. Kahn, H., 1960. On Thermonuclear War, Free Press, New York.
188. Kahn, H. and Wiener, A.J., 1967. The Year 2000: A Framework for Speculation, Macmillan, New York.
189. Kaufman, A. and Gupta, M.M., 1985. Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic, Theory and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
190. Kaufmann, A., 1975. Introduction to the Theory of Fuzzy Subsets, D.L. Swanson, Trans., Academic Press, New York.
191. Kerzner, H., 1987. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, Vol. 2, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India, pp. 71-80, 406-407.
192. King, L.W., Trans., 2011. Hammurabi’s code of laws exploring ancient world cultures readings from the ancient near east, http://eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/hammurabi.htm.
193. Kirwan, B., 1992. Human error identification in human reliability assessment. Part 1: Overview of approaches, Applied Ergonomics, 23(5), 299-318.
194. Klir, G.J., 1969. An Approach to General Systems Theory, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
195. Klir, G.J., 1985. Architecture of Systems Problem Solving, Plenum Press, New York.
196. Klir, G.J., 2006. Uncertainty and Information: Generalized Information Theory, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
197. Klir, G.J. and Folger, T.A., 1988. Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty, and Information, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
198. Klir, G.J. and Wierman, M.J., 1999. Uncertainty-Based Information: Elements of Generalized Information Theory, Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Physica-Verlag, New York.
199. Kumamoto, H. and Henley, E.J., 1996. Probabilistic Risk Assessment and Management for Engineers and Scientists, 2nd ed., IEEE Press, New York.
200. Kunreuther, H., Meyer, R., and Van den Bulte, C., 2004. Risk analysis for extreme events: Economic incentives for reducing future losses, NIST Report GCR 04-871, Gaithersburg, MD.
201. Landfeeld, J.S. and Seskin, E.P., 1982. The economic value of life: Linking theory to practice, American Journal of Public Health, 72(6), 555-566.
202. Langseth, H., Haugen, K., and Sandtorv, H., 1998. Analysis of OREDA data for maintenance optimization, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 60, 103-110.
203. Leung, J., 2009. Understanding transport costs and charges: Phase 2-Value of statistical life: A meta analysis, Is the current value of safety for New Zealand too low? Technical Report, Financial and Economic Analysis Team, New Zealand Ministry of Transport.
204. Linstone, H.A. and Turoff, M., 1975. The Delphi Method, Techniques and Applications, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA.
205. Litai, D., 1980. A risk comparison methodology for the assessment of acceptable risk, PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
206. Lyu, M.R., 1996. Handbook of Software Reliability Engineering, McGraw Hill, New York.
207. Mantel, S., Meredith, J., Shafer, S., and Sutton, M., 2001. Project Management in Practice, John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 69.
208. Marshall, K.T. and Oliver, R.M., 1995. Decision Making and Forecasting, McGraw-Hill, New York.
209. Mathews, M.K., 1990. Risk management in the transportation of dangerous goods: The influence of public perception, in Proceedings of the National Conference on Hazardous Materials Transportation, St. Louis, Missouri, pp. 34-37.
210. McGill, W.L. and Ayyub, B.M., 2009. Defeating surprise in homeland security using possibilitybased risk analysis, in Risk Modeling and Vulnerability Assessment Volume in the Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security, Ayyub, B.M. and Voller, J.G., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
211. McGill, W.L., Ayyub, B.M., and Kaminskiy, M., 2007. A quantitative asset-level risk assessment and management framework for critical asset protection, Risk Analysis International Journal, 27(5), 1265-1281.
212. McMahon, K. and Dahdah, S., 2008. The true cost of road crashes: Valuing life and the cost of a serious injury, http://www.irap.net
213. Miller, J.G., 1978. Living Systems, McGraw-Hill, New York.
214. Miller, T.R., 1989. Willingness to pay comes of age: Will the system survive? Northwestern University Law Review, 83(4), 876-907.
215. Miller, T.R., 1990. The plausible range for the value-of-life-red herrings among the mackerel, Journal of Forensic Economics, 3(3), 17-39.
216. Mishan, E.J., 1971. Cost-Benefit Analysis, Praeger, New York.
217. Modarres, M., 1993. What Every Engineer Should Know about Reliability and Analysis, Marcel Dekker, New York.
218. Modarres, M., Kaminskiy, M., and Krivstov, V., 1999. Reliability Engineering and Risk Analysis: A Practical Guide, Marcel Decker, New York.
219. Modarres, M., Martz, H., and Kaminskiy, M., 1996. The accident sequence precursor analysis: Review of the methods and new insights, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 123, 238-258.
220. Moore, P.G., 1983. Project Investment Risk: The Business of Risk, 1st ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
221. Morgan, M., 1990. Choosing and managing technology induced risk, in Readings in Risk, Glickman, T.S. and Gough, M., Eds., 17-30, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
222. Muller, A., 1980. Evaluation of the costs and benefits of motorcycle helmet law, Am J Public Health, 70, 586-592.
223. Nagel, E. and Newman, J.R., 2001. Godel’s Proof, New York University Press, New York.
224. Nash, J., 1951. Non-cooperative games, Annals of Mathematics, 54(2), 286-295.
225. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, 2004. The 9/11 Commission Report, Public Law 107-306, Washington, DC.
226. National Research Council (NRC), 1983. Risk Assessment in the Federal Government: Managing the Process, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
227. National Research Council (NRC), 1989. Improving Risk Communication, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
228. National Research Council (NRC), 1991a. Ecological Risks: Perspectives from Poland to the United States, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
229. National Research Council (NRC), 1991b. Use of Risk Analysis to Achieve Balanced Safety in Building Design and Operation, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
230. National Research Council (NRC), 1994. Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
231. National Research Council (NRC), 1995. Flood Risk Management and the American River Basin: An Evaluation, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
232. National Research Council (NRC), 1996. Understanding Risk: Informing Decisions in a Democratic Society, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
233. National Research Council (NRC), 2004. Valuing Ecosystem Services: Toward Better Environmental Decision-Making, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
234. National Research Council (NRC), 2012. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
235. Nelson, W., 1982. Applied Life Data Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
236. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NuRC), 1975. Reactor Safety Study, WASH-1400, NUREG-751014, NuRC, Washington, DC.
237. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NuRC), 1981. Fault Tree Handbook, NUREG-0492, NuRC, Washington, DC.
238. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NuRC), 1983. PRA Procedures Guide: A Guide to the Performance of Probabilistic Risk Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG/CR-2300, NuRC, Washington, DC.
239. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NuRC), 1996. Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) Procedures Guide, NUREG/CR 2300, NuRC, Washington, DC.
240. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NuRC), 1997. Recommendations for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis: Guidance on Uncertainty and Expert Use, Vols. 1 and 2, NUREG/CR-6372, UCRL-ID-122160, the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee, NuRC, Washington, DC.
241. Olson, C.A., 1981. An analysis of wage differentials received by workers on dangerous jobs, Journal of Human Resources, 16, 167-185.
242. Omega Systems Group, 1994. Risk Realities: Provoking a Fresh Approach to Managing Risk, Corporate Publication, Arlington, VA.
243. Pal, S.K. and Skowron, A., 1999. Rough Fuzzy Hybridization, Springer-Verlag, New York.
244. Pan, Y., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P.E., Kurz, W.A., Phillips, O.L., et al., 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests, Science 133, 988-993.
245. Park, W., 1979. Construction Bidding for Profit, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 168-177.
246. Parnell, G.S., Dillon, R.L., and Bresnick, T., 2005. Integrating risk management with homeland security and antiterrorism resource allocation decision-making, in Handbook of Homeland Security, Kamien, D., Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 431-461.
247. Parry, G., 1996. The characterization of uncertainty in probabilistic risk assessments of complex systems, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 54, 119-126.
248. Pastorok, R.A., Bartell, S.M., Ferson, S., and Ginzburg, L.R., 2002. Ecological Modeling in Risk Assessment, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
249. Pate-Cornell, E.M., 1996a. Global risk management, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 12, 239-255.
250. Pate-Cornell, E.M., 1996b. Uncertainties in risk analysis: Six levels of treatment, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 54(2-3), 95-111.
251. Pegg, N.G. and Brinkhurst, P., 1993. Naval Ship Structures Risk Assessment Project Definition, DREA TM/93/209, Canadian Navy, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
252. Persson, U., 1989. The Value of Risk Reduction: Results of a Swedish Sample Survey, Swedish Institute for Health Economics, University of Lund, Lund.
253. Pham, H., 1999. Software Reliability, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
254. Piret, N.L., 1999. The removal and safe disposal of arsenic in copper processing, Journal of Metals, 51(9), 16-17.
255. Pitz, G.F., 1992. Risk Taking, Design, and Training, in Risk-Taking Behavior, Yates, J.F., Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 283-320.
256. Pollalis, S.N., 2006. Channel Tunnel Rail Link Risk Transfer and Innovation in Project Delivery, Harvard Design School, Cambridge, MA.
257. Ponce, V.M., 1989. Engineering Hydrology Principles and Practices, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
258. Posthuma, L., Suter II, G.W., and Traas, T.P., 2002. Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
259. Potter, J.M., Smith, M.L., and Panwalker, S.S., 1976. Cost-Effectiveness of Residential Fire Detector Systems, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
260. Presidential Policy Directive (PPD), 2013. Critical infrastructure security and resilience. PPD-21, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/02/12/presidential-policy-directivecritical-infrastructure-security-and-resil.
261. Project Management Institute, 2000. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), Project Management Institute, Newton Square, PA, pp. 127, 129, 131-134, 137.
262. Puskin, J.S. and Nelson, C.B., 1989. EPA’s perspective on risks from residential radon exposure, Journal of Air Pollution Control Association, 39(7), 915-920.
263. Putterman, M.L., 1994. Markov Decision Processes, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
264. Rasmussen, N.C., 1981. The application of probabilistic risk assessment techniques to energy technologies, Annual Review of Energy, 6, 123-138.
265. Reagan, R., 1985. Executive order 12498: Regulatory planning process, Federal Register, 50(5), January 8.
266. Reason, J., 1990. Human Error, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
267. Reason, J., 2000. Human error: Models and management, British Medical Journal, 320(7237), 768-770.
268. Rinaldi, S.M., Peerenboom, J.P., and Kelly, T.K., 2001. Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, doi:10.1109/37.969131.
269. Robertson, L.S., 1977. Car crashes: Perceived vulnerability and willingness to pay for crash protection, Journal of Community Health, 3, 136-141.
270. Rose, G., Hamilton, P.J.S., Colwell, L., and Shipley, M.J., 1982. A randomized control trial of antismoking advice: 10-year results, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 86, 102-108.
271. Ross, S.M., 1970. Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming, Academic Press, New York.
272. Rowe, W.D., 1977. An Anatomy of Risk, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
273. Royer, P.S., 2000. Risk management: The undiscovered dimension of project management, Project Management Journal, 31(1), 6-13.
274. Sandtorv, H.A., Hokstad, P., and Thompson, D.W., 1996. Practical experiences with a data collection project: The OREDA project, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 51, 159-167.
275. Schall, G. and Öestergaard, C., 1991. Planning of inspection and repair of ship operation, in Proceedings of the Marine Structural Inspection, Maintenance and Monitoring Symposium, SNAME, New York, NY, pp. V-F-1-V-F-7.
276. Schelling, T.C., 1960. Strategy of Conflict, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
277. Schierow, L.-J., 1998. Risk Analysis: Background on Environmental Protection Agency Mandates, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division, National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, DC.
278. Shackle, G.L.S., 1970. Decision, Order, and Time in Human Affairs, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
279. Shinozuka, P.M., 1990. Relation of inspection findings to fatigue reliability, Report No. SSC-355, Ship Structure Committee, US Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
280. Shinozuka, P.M. and Chen, Y.N., 1987. Reliability and durability of marine structures, ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 113(6), 1297-1314.
281. Shiraishi, N. and Furuta, H., 1983. Reliability analysis based on fuzzy probability, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 109(6), 1445-1459.
282. Shiraishi, N., Furuta, H., and Sugimoto, M., 1985. Integrity assessment of structures based on extended multi-criteria analysis, in Proceedings of the Fourth ICOSSAR, May 27-29, 1985, Kobe, Japan.
283. Singh, A. and Vlatas, D.A., 1991. Using conflict management for better decision making, Journal of Management in Engineering, 7(1), 70-82.
284. Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., and Lechtenstein, S., 1990. Rating the risks, Readings in Risk, Glickman, T.S. and Gough, M., Eds., 61-74, Resources for the Future, Washington, DC.
285. Smith, A., 1776. The Wealth of Nations, 1976 ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
286. Smith, D.J., 2001. Reliability Maintainability, and Risk, 6th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
287. Smith, V.K., 1983. The role of site and job characteristics in hedonic wage and models, Journal of Urban Economics, 13(3), 296-321.
288. Smith, V.K. and Johnson, F.R., 1988. How do risk perceptions respond to information? The case of radon, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 70(1), 1-8.
289. Smithson, M., 1985. Towards a social theory of ignorance, Journal of the Theory of Social Behavior, 15, 151-172.
290. Smithson, M., 1988. Ignorance and Uncertainty, Springer-Verlag, New York.
291. Sober, E., 1991. Core Questions in Philosophy, Macmillan, New York.
292. Spetzler, C.S. and Stael von Holstein, C.-A.S., 1975. Probability encoding in decision analysis, Management Science, 22(3), 340-358.
293. Starr, C., 1969. Social benefit vs. technical risk. Science, 165, 1232-1238.
294. Starr, C., 1971. Benefit-cost studies in socio-technical systems, in Perspectives on Benefit-Risk Decision Making, Report of a Colloquium Conducted by the Committee on Public Engineering Policy, April 26-27, National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC, pp. 17-42.
295. Steele, L.W., 1989. Managing Technology: The Strategic View, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 120-124.
296. Stillings, N., Weisler, S., Chase, C., Feinstein, M., Garfield, J., and Rissland, E., 1995. Cognitive Science, 2nd ed., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
297. Strange, G., 1986. Introduction to Applied Mathematics, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, Wellesley, MA.
298. Suzuki, H., 1999. Safety target of very large floating structures used as a floating airport, in Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Very Large Floating Structures, September, 22-24, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, pp. 607-612.
299. Svenson, O., 1991. The accident evolution and barrier function (AEB) model applied to incident analysis in the processing industries. Risk Analysis, 11(3), 499-507.
300. Taleb, N.N., 2004. The black swan: Why don’t we learn that we don’t learn. US Department of Defense Highland Forum Papers.
301. Thagard, P., 1996. Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
302. Trauth, K.M., Hora, S.C., and Guzowski, R.V., 1993. Expert judgment on markers to deter inadvertent human intrusion into the waste isolation pilot plant, Report SAND92-1382, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM.
303. Trost, W.A. and Nertney, R.J., 1985. Barrier Analysis (DOE 76-45/29), EG&G Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID.
304. Turner, J.R., 1993. Handbook of Project Management, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 7-9, 20-23, 235-267, 284-303.
305. T.W. Lambe Associates, 1982. Earthquake risk to patio 4 and site 400, Report to TONEN Oil Company, Ltd., Longboat Key, FL.
306. UK Health and Safety Executive, 1978. An Investigation of Potential Hazards from Operations in the Canvey Island/Thurrock Area, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, 192 pp.; second summary document, 39 pp.
307. University of New Hampshire, 2011. Global carbon cycle, http://globecarboncycle.unh.edu/CarbonCycleBackground.pdf based on http://globe.gov/science/topics/carbon-cycle#Overview.
308. UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), 2012. Making cities resilient: My city is getting ready! A global snapshot of how local governments reduce disaster risk, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Report, Geneva, www.unisdr.org/campaign.
309. US Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division, 1973. Aircraft Structural Integrity Program: Airplane Requirements, MIL-STD-1530A.
310. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1965. Standard Project Flood Determinations, Civil Engineer Bulletin No. 52-8, Engineering Manual EM 1110-2-1411, USACE, Alexandria, VA.
311. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1975. National Program of Inspection of Dams, Vols. I-V, Department of the Army, Washington, DC.
312. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1988. National Economic Development Procedure Manual: Urban Flood Damage, IWR Report 88-R-2, US Army Corps of Engineers, Water Resources Support Center, Institute for Water Resources, Alexandria, VA.
313. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1992. Risk Communication, Engineering Pamphlet No. 1110-2-8, USACE, Washington, DC.
314. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1993. Guidebook for Risk Perception and Communication in Water Resources, IWR Report 93-R-13, USACE, Alexandria, VA.
315. US Coast Guard, International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), and Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NKK), 1995. Bulk Carriers Inspection Guidance for Owners/Operators, Terminal Personnel, and Crew, Compiled for the International Maritime Organization (IMO), US Coast Guard Headquarters, Washington, DC.
316. US Committee on Large Dams (USCOLD), 1988. Lessons from Dam Incidents-II, ASCE, New York.
317. US Department of Transportation, 1982. Guidance for Regulatory Evaluation: A Handbook for DOT Benefit-Cost Analysis, Office of Industry Policy, Washington, DC.
318. US Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, Hydrology Subcommittee, 1982. Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency, Bulletin No. 17B, USGS, Reston, VA.
319. Van Leeuwen, C.J. and Hermens, J.I.M., 1995. Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
320. Verma, V., 1996. Human Resources Skills for the Project Manager, Project Management Institute, Upper Darby, PA.
321. Vesper, J.L., 2006. Risk Assessment and Risk Management in the Pharmaceutical Industry Clear and Simple, Parenteral Drug Association, Bethesda, MD.
322. Viscusi, W.K., 1978. Labor market valuations of life and limb: Empirical evidence and policy implications, Public Policy, 26(3), 339-386.
323. Viscusi, W.K., 1983. Alternative approaches to valuing the health impacts of accidents: Liability law and prospective evaluations, Law and Contemporary Problems, 47(4), 49-68.
324. Viscusi, W.K., 1992. Fatal Tradeoffs: Public and Private Responsibilities for Risk, Oxford University Press, London.
325. Viscusi, W.K. and Aldy, J.E., 2002. The value of a statistical life: A critical review of market estimates throughout the world, Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics and Business Discussion Paper Series. Paper No. 392, http://lsr.nellco.org/harvard_olin/392.
326. Vo, T.V. and Balkey, K.R., 1995. Risk-based inspection and maintenance, in Probabilistic Structural Mechanics Handbook, Sundararajan, C., Ed., Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 388-415.
327. von Eckardt, B., 1993. What Is Cognitive Science? MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
328. von Glasersfeld, E., 1995. Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning, The Farmer Press, London.
329. von Neumann, J. and Morgenstern, O., 1944. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
330. Wahl, T.L., 1997. Predicting embankment dam breach parameters-A needs assessment, in XXVIIth IAHR Congress, August 10-15, San Francisco, CA.
331. Waldrop, M.M., 1992. Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos, Simon & Schuster, New York.
332. The Washington Post, 2012. http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/worstcase-scenario/2012/11/03/3cb1360e-260f-11e2-9313-3c7f59038d93_graphic.html, November 4.
333. Weaver, W., 1948. Science and complexity, American Scientist, 36(4), 536-544.
334. Weinstein, D. and Weinstein, M.A., 1978. The sociology of non-knowledge: A paradigm, in Research in the Sociology of Knowledge, Science and Art, Vol. 1, Jones, R.A., Ed., 151-166, JAI Press, New York.
335. Whipple, C., 1986. Dealing with uncertainty about risk in risk management, in Hazards: Technology and Fairness, National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp. 44-59.
336. White, G.J. and Ayyub, B.M., 1985. Reliability methods for ship structures. Naval Engineers Journal, 97(4), 86-96.
337. Whitehouse.gov, 2010. The ongoing administration-wide response to the deepwater BP oil spill, http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/05/05/ongoing-administration-wide-response-deepwater-bpoil-spill.
338. Whitman, R.V., 1984. Evaluating calculated risk in geotechnical engineering, ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 110(2), 145-186.
339. Wilde, G.J.S., 1988. Risk homeostasis theory and traffic accidents: Propositions, deductions and discussion of dissension in recent reactions, Ergonomics, 31, 441-468.
340. Wilson, B., 1984. Systems: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
341. Witkin, H.A. and Goodenough, D.R., 1981. Cognitive Styles: Essence and Origins, International Universities Press, New York.
342. Wohlstetter, R., 1962. Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
343. Woo, G., 1999. The Mathematics of Natural Catastrophes, Imperial College Press, London.
344. Yao, J.T.P., 1979. Damage assessment and reliability evaluation of existing structures, Engineering Structures, 1, 245-251.
345. Yao, J.T.P., 1980. Damage assessment of existing structures, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division, 106(EM4), 785-799.
346. Yao, J.T.P. and Furuta, H., 1986. Probabilistic treatment of fuzzy events in civil engineering, Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 1(1), 58-64.
347. Zadeh, L.A., 1965. Fuzzy sets, Information and Control, 8, 338-353.
348. Zadeh, L.A., 1968. Probability measures of fuzzy events, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, 23, 421-427.
349. Zadeh, L.A., 1973. Outline of a new approach to the analysis of complex systems and decision processes, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-3(1), 28-44.
350. Zadeh, L.A., 1975a. The concept of linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, parts I, II and III, Information and Control, 8, 199-249, 301-357.
351. Zadeh, L.A., 1975b. The concept of linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning, parts I, II and III, Information and Control, 9, 43-80.
352. Zadeh, L.A., 1987. Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1, 3-28.
353. Zadeh, L.A., Fu, K. S., Tanaka, K., and Shimara, J., 1975. Fuzzy Sets and Their Application to Cognitive and Decision Processes, Academic Press, New York.