메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 199-240

Immunotoxicology and implications for reptilian health

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85052179047     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (28)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 33749724732 scopus 로고
    • Immunological biomarkers to assess environmental stress
    • in, Huggett, R.J. et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, Chap. 5
    • Weeks, B.A. et al., Immunological biomarkers to assess environmental stress, in Biomarkers: Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress, Huggett, R.J. et al., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 1992, 211-234, Chap. 5.
    • (1992) Biomarkers: Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Markers of Anthropogenic Stress , pp. 211-234
    • Weeks, B.A.1
  • 2
    • 0033963813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of lower vertebrates and their immunological structures
    • in, Du Pasquier, L. and Litman, G.W., Eds., Springer, New York
    • Zapata, A. and Amemiya, C.T., Phylogeny of lower vertebrates and their immunological structures, in Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System, Du Pasquier, L. and Litman, G.W., Eds., Springer, New York, 2000, 67-107.
    • (2000) Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System , pp. 67-107
    • Zapata, A.1    Amemiya, C.T.2
  • 4
    • 0001009993 scopus 로고
    • Reptilian immunity, in
    • Gans, C., Billett, F., and Maderson, P.F.A., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, Chap. 8
    • Cooper, E.L., Klempau, A.E., and Zapata, A.G., Reptilian immunity, in, Biology of the Reptilia, Gans, C., Billett, F., and Maderson, P.F.A., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, 599-678, Chap. 8.
    • (1985) Biology of the Reptilia , pp. 599-678
    • Cooper, E.L.1    Klempau, A.E.2    Zapata, A.G.3
  • 5
    • 0033952540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin isotypes: structure, function, and genetics
    • in, Du Pasquier, L. and Litman, G.W., Eds., Springer, New York
    • Bengtén, E. et al., Immunoglobulin isotypes: structure, function, and genetics, in Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System, Du Pasquier, L. and Litman, G.W., Eds., Springer, New York, 2000, 189-219.
    • (2000) Origin and Evolution of the Vertebrate Immune System , pp. 189-219
    • Bengtén, E.1
  • 6
    • 0029155781 scopus 로고
    • IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies
    • Warr, G.W., Magor, K.E., and Higgins, D.A., IgY: clues to the origins of modern antibodies, Immunol. Today, 16, 392, 1995.
    • (1995) Immunol. Today , vol.16 , pp. 392
    • Warr, G.W.1    Magor, K.E.2    Higgins, D.A.3
  • 9
    • 3543151411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA
    • Keller, J.M. et al., Associations between organochlorine contaminant concentrations and clinical health parameters in loggerhead sea turtles from North Carolina, USA, Environ. Health Perspect., 112, 1074, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.112 , pp. 1074
    • Keller, J.M.1
  • 10
    • 0027055133 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anticoagulant and autoanalyzer on blood biochemical values of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)
    • Bolten, A.B., Jacobson, E.R., and Bjorndal, K.A., Effects of anticoagulant and autoanalyzer on blood biochemical values of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), Am. J. Vet. Res., 53, 2224, 1992.
    • (1992) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 2224
    • Bolten, A.B.1    Jacobson, E.R.2    Bjorndal, K.A.3
  • 11
    • 0032177379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles
    • Work, T.M. et al., Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from Hawaiian green turtles, Am. J. Vet. Res., 59, 1252, 1998.
    • (1998) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 1252
    • Work, T.M.1
  • 12
    • 0026924248 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii)
    • Alleman, A.R., Jacobson, E.R., and Raskin, R.E., Morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of blood cells from the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), Am. J. Vet. Res., 53, 1645, 1992.
    • (1992) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 1645
    • Alleman, A.R.1    Jacobson, E.R.2    Raskin, R.E.3
  • 13
    • 0022348548 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in the thymus and spleen of the turtle Mauremys caspica a morphometric light microscopic study
    • Leceta, J. and Zapata, A., Seasonal changes in the thymus and spleen of the turtle Mauremys caspica a morphometric light microscopic study, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 9, 653, 1985.
    • (1985) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 653
    • Leceta, J.1    Zapata, A.2
  • 14
    • 0034917388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune response of thymic cells from the turtle Mauremys caspica
    • Muñoz, F.J. and De la Fuente, M., The immune response of thymic cells from the turtle Mauremys caspica, J. Comp. Physiol. B, 171, 195, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.171 , pp. 195
    • Muñoz, F.J.1    De la Fuente, M.2
  • 15
    • 0034841526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of the seasonal cycle on the splenic leukocyte functions in the turtle Mauremys caspica
    • Muñoz, F.J. and De la Fuente, M., The effect of the seasonal cycle on the splenic leukocyte functions in the turtle Mauremys caspica, Physiol. Biochem. Zool., 74, 660, 2001.
    • (2001) Physiol. Biochem. Zool. , vol.74 , pp. 660
    • Muñoz, F.J.1    De la Fuente, M.2
  • 16
    • 0036669209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose and time-related in vitro effects of glucocorticoid on phagocytosis and nitrite release by splenic macrophages of wall lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis
    • Mondal, S. and Rai, U., Dose and time-related in vitro effects of glucocorticoid on phagocytosis and nitrite release by splenic macrophages of wall lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, 132, 461, 2002.
    • (2002) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C , vol.132 , pp. 461
    • Mondal, S.1    Rai, U.2
  • 17
    • 0020759136 scopus 로고
    • The humoral immune response of the spiny-tailed agamid lizard (Agama caudospinosum) to injection with Leishmania agamae promastigotes
    • Ingram, G.A. and Molyneux, D.H., The humoral immune response of the spiny-tailed agamid lizard (Agama caudospinosum) to injection with Leishmania agamae promastigotes, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 4, 479, 1983.
    • (1983) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.4 , pp. 479
    • Ingram, G.A.1    Molyneux, D.H.2
  • 18
    • 0035216293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the respiratory burst in turtle peritoneal macrophages by Salmonella muenchen
    • Pasmans, F. et al., Induction of the respiratory burst in turtle peritoneal macrophages by Salmonella muenchen, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 25, 159, 2001.
    • (2001) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 159
    • Pasmans, F.1
  • 19
    • 0029018010 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal distribution and hormonal modulation of reptilian T cells
    • El Masri, M. et al., Seasonal distribution and hormonal modulation of reptilian T cells. Immunobiology, 193, 15, 1995.
    • (1995) Immunobiology , vol.193 , pp. 15
    • El Masri, M.1
  • 20
    • 0021131583 scopus 로고
    • Mixed leukocyte reaction, graft-versus-host-reaction, and skin allograft rejection in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus
    • Saad, A.H. and El Ridi, R., Mixed leukocyte reaction, graft-versus-host-reaction, and skin allograft rejection in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus, Immunobiology, 166, 484, 1984.
    • (1984) Immunobiology , vol.166 , pp. 484
    • Saad, A.H.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 21
    • 0035413179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, Anolis carolinensis; polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression
    • Cope, R.B. et al., Resistance of a lizard (the green anole, Anolis carolinensis; polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression, Photochem. Photobiol., 74, 46, 2001.
    • (2001) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.74 , pp. 46
    • Cope, R.B.1
  • 22
    • 0025092502 scopus 로고
    • Functional markers of the major histocompatibility gene complex of snakes
    • Farag, M.A. and El Ridi, R., Functional markers of the major histocompatibility gene complex of snakes, Eur. J. Immunol., 20, 2029, 1990.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 2029
    • Farag, M.A.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 23
    • 11144289167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity
    • Keller, J.M. et al., Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 103, 269, 2005.
    • (2005) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.103 , pp. 269
    • Keller, J.M.1
  • 24
    • 0034426773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture methods for turtle lymphocytes
    • Ulsh, B.A. et al., Culture methods for turtle lymphocytes, Methods Cell Sci., 22, 285, 2001.
    • (2001) Methods Cell Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 285
    • Ulsh, B.A.1
  • 25
    • 0021875912 scopus 로고
    • Cell-mediated immune response of Chelonia mydas
    • McKinney, E.C. and Bentley, T.B., Cell-mediated immune response of Chelonia mydas, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 9, 445, 1985.
    • (1985) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 445
    • McKinney, E.C.1    Bentley, T.B.2
  • 26
    • 0018765367 scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity. III. Mitogenic responses of reptilian lymphocytes
    • Cuchens, M.A. and Clem, L.W., Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity. III. Mitogenic responses of reptilian lymphocytes, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 3, 287, 1979.
    • (1979) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 287
    • Cuchens, M.A.1    Clem, L.W.2
  • 27
    • 0029039167 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies for the measurement of class-specific antibody responses in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas
    • Herbst, L.H. and Klein, P.A., Monoclonal antibodies for the measurement of class-specific antibody responses in the green turtle, Chelonia mydas, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 46, 317, 1995.
    • (1995) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.46 , pp. 317
    • Herbst, L.H.1    Klein, P.A.2
  • 29
    • 0022610883 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the immune response of the tortoise Mauremys caspica
    • Leceta, J. and Zapata, A., Seasonal variations in the immune response of the tortoise Mauremys caspica, Immunology, 57, 483, 1986.
    • (1986) Immunology , vol.57 , pp. 483
    • Leceta, J.1    Zapata, A.2
  • 30
    • 0031088310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of protective immunity in Geochelone pardalis against Amblyomma marmoreum (Acari:Ixodidae) nymphal ticks
    • Tembo, S.D. and Kiwanuka, A., Acquisition of protective immunity in Geochelone pardalis against Amblyomma marmoreum (Acari:Ixodidae) nymphal ticks, Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 64, 1, 1997.
    • (1997) Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. , vol.64 , pp. 1
    • Tembo, S.D.1    Kiwanuka, A.2
  • 31
    • 0031089951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine pesticides associated with ocular, nasal, or otic infection in the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
    • Tangredi, B.P. and Evans, R.H., Organochlorine pesticides associated with ocular, nasal, or otic infection in the eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina), J. Zool. Wildl. Med., 28, 97, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Zool. Wildl. Med. , vol.28 , pp. 97
    • Tangredi, B.P.1    Evans, R.H.2
  • 32
    • 0022901049 scopus 로고
    • Proliferative responses of snake lymphocytes to concanavalin A
    • Farag, M.A. and El Ridi, R., Proliferative responses of snake lymphocytes to concanavalin A, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 10, 561, 1986.
    • (1986) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 561
    • Farag, M.A.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 33
    • 0026594144 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variations in the immune system of lower vertebrates
    • Zapata, A.G., Varas, A., and Torroba, M., Seasonal variations in the immune system of lower vertebrates, Immunol. Today, 13, 142, 1992.
    • (1992) Immunol. Today , vol.13 , pp. 142
    • Zapata, A.G.1    Varas, A.2    Torroba, M.3
  • 34
    • 0021911829 scopus 로고
    • Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) in the snake Psammophis sibilans
    • Farag, M.A. and El Ridi, R., Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) in the snake Psammophis sibilans, Immunology, 55, 173, 1985.
    • (1985) Immunology , vol.55 , pp. 173
    • Farag, M.A.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 35
    • 0025181694 scopus 로고
    • Blood testosterone level: a season-dependent factor regulating immune reactivity in lizards
    • Saad, A.H., Khalek, N.A., and El Ridi, R., Blood testosterone level: a season-dependent factor regulating immune reactivity in lizards, Immunobiology, 180, 184, 1990.
    • (1990) Immunobiology , vol.180 , pp. 184
    • Saad, A.H.1    Khalek, N.A.2    El Ridi, R.3
  • 36
    • 0024083397 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous corticosteroids mediate seasonal cyclic changes in immunity of lizards
    • Saad, A.H. and El Ridi, R., Endogenous corticosteroids mediate seasonal cyclic changes in immunity of lizards, Immunobiology, 177, 390, 1988.
    • (1988) Immunobiology , vol.177 , pp. 390
    • Saad, A.H.1    El Ridi, R.2
  • 37
    • 0023029193 scopus 로고
    • Effect of hydrocortisone on immune system of the lizard Chalcides ocellatus III. Effect on cellular and humoral immune responses
    • Saad, A.H. et al., Effect of hydrocortisone on immune system of the lizard Chalcides ocellatus III. Effect on cellular and humoral immune responses, Dev. Comp. Immunol., 10, 235, 1986.
    • (1986) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 235
    • Saad, A.H.1
  • 38
    • 0025804910 scopus 로고
    • Testosterone induces lymphopenia in turtles
    • Saad, A.H. et al., Testosterone induces lymphopenia in turtles, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 28, 173, 1991.
    • (1991) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.28 , pp. 173
    • Saad, A.H.1
  • 39
    • 0035107166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between altered immune function and organochlorine contamination in young Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) from Lake Huron, 1997-1999
    • Grasman, K.A. and Fox, G.A., Associations between altered immune function and organochlorine contamination in young Caspian terns (Sterna caspia) from Lake Huron, 1997-1999, Ecotoxicology, 10, 101, 2001.
    • (2001) Ecotoxicology , vol.10 , pp. 101
    • Grasman, K.A.1    Fox, G.A.2
  • 40
    • 0029740181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine-associated immunosuppression in prefledgling Caspian terns and herring gulls from the Great Lakes: an ecoepidemiological study
    • Grasman, K.A. et al., Organochlorine-associated immunosuppression in prefledgling Caspian terns and herring gulls from the Great Lakes: an ecoepidemiological study, Environ. Health Perspect., 104 (Suppl. 4), 829, 1996.
    • (1996) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.104 , pp. 829
    • Grasman, K.A.1
  • 41
    • 0030590227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contaminant-induced immunotoxicity in harbour seals: wildlife at risk?
    • Ross, P. et al., Contaminant-induced immunotoxicity in harbour seals: wildlife at risk?, Toxicology, 112, 157, 1996.
    • (1996) Toxicology , vol.112 , pp. 157
    • Ross, P.1
  • 42
    • 0026615335 scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine levels in common seals (Phoca vitulina) which were victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic
    • Hall, A.J. et al., Organochlorine levels in common seals (Phoca vitulina) which were victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic, Sci. Total Environ., 115, 145, 1992.
    • (1992) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.115 , pp. 145
    • Hall, A.J.1
  • 43
    • 0027938496 scopus 로고
    • Abnormally high polychlorinated biphenyl levels in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) affected by the 1990-1992 Mediterranean epizootic
    • Aguilar, A. and Borrell, A., Abnormally high polychlorinated biphenyl levels in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) affected by the 1990-1992 Mediterranean epizootic, Sci. Total Environ., 154, 237, 1994.
    • (1994) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.154 , pp. 237
    • Aguilar, A.1    Borrell, A.2
  • 44
    • 0033302858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of immunotoxicology in wild populations:review and recommendations
    • Keller, J.M. et al., Assessment of immunotoxicology in wild populations:review and recommendations, Rev. Toxicol., 3, 167, 1999/2000.
    • (1999) Rev. Toxicol. , vol.3 , pp. 167
    • Keller, J.M.1
  • 45
    • 0032464820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of immunotoxicity in fish and other non-mammalian sentinel species: predictive values for mammals?
    • Zelikoff, J.T., Biomarkers of immunotoxicity in fish and other non-mammalian sentinel species: predictive values for mammals?, Toxicology, 129, 63, 1998.
    • (1998) Toxicology , vol.129 , pp. 63
    • Zelikoff, J.T.1
  • 46
    • 26844578896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquatic pollution-induced immunotoxicity in wildlife species
    • Luebke, R.W. et al., Aquatic pollution-induced immunotoxicity in wildlife species, Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 37, 1, 1997.
    • (1997) Fund. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.37 , pp. 1
    • Luebke, R.W.1
  • 47
    • 0042978779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 17'-ethinylestradiol on immune parameters in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis
    • Burnham, D.K. et al., Effects of 17'-ethinylestradiol on immune parameters in the lizard Sceloporus occidentalis, Environ. Toxicol., 18, 211, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Toxicol. , vol.18 , pp. 211
    • Burnham, D.K.1
  • 48
    • 16644400196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on lipopolysaccharide- induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages
    • Hong, C.C. et al., Effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on lipopolysaccharide- induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 1136, 2004.
    • (2004) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.27 , pp. 1136
    • Hong, C.C.1
  • 49
    • 3242696815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocrine disruptors nonylphenol and octylphenol exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development
    • Iwata, M. et al., The endocrine disruptors nonylphenol and octylphenol exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development, Immunol. Lett., 94, 135, 2004.
    • (2004) Immunol. Lett. , vol.94 , pp. 135
    • Iwata, M.1
  • 50
    • 2442623313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenoestrogen modulation of the immune system: effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
    • Forawi, H.A., Tchounwou, P.B., and McMurray, R.W., Xenoestrogen modulation of the immune system: effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), Rev. Environ. Health, 19, 1, 2004.
    • (2004) Rev. Environ. Health , vol.19 , pp. 1
    • Forawi, H.A.1    Tchounwou, P.B.2    McMurray, R.W.3
  • 51
    • 0010830725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking environmental agents and autoimmune diseases
    • Ahmed, S.A. et al., Linking environmental agents and autoimmune diseases, Environ. Health Perspect., 107 (Suppl. 5), 681, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.107 , pp. 681
    • Ahmed, S.A.1
  • 52
    • 0023554145 scopus 로고
    • Direct suppression of cultured spleen cell responses by chlordane and the basis for differential effects on in vivo and in vitro immunocompetence
    • Johnson, K.W., Kaminski, N.E., and Munson, A.E., Direct suppression of cultured spleen cell responses by chlordane and the basis for differential effects on in vivo and in vitro immunocompetence, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 22, 497, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.22 , pp. 497
    • Johnson, K.W.1    Kaminski, N.E.2    Munson, A.E.3
  • 55
    • 0037984360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered histology of the thymus and spleen in contaminant-exposed juvenile American alligators
    • Rooney, A.A., Bermudez, D.S., and Guillette, L.J., Jr., Altered histology of the thymus and spleen in contaminant-exposed juvenile American alligators, J. Morphol., 256, 349, 2003.
    • (2003) J. Morphol. , vol.256 , pp. 349
    • Rooney, A.A.1    Bermudez, D.S.2    Guillette, L.J.3
  • 57
    • 0001919542 scopus 로고
    • Low clutch viability of American alligators on Lake Apopka
    • Woodward, A.R. et al., Low clutch viability of American alligators on Lake Apopka, Fla. Sci., 56, 52, 1993
    • (1993) Fla. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 52
    • Woodward, A.R.1
  • 58
    • 0031951420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex steroid and thyroid hormone concentration in juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from contaminated and reference lakes in Florida, USA
    • Crain, D.A. et al., Sex steroid and thyroid hormone concentration in juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from contaminated and reference lakes in Florida, USA, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 446, 1998.
    • (1998) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.17 , pp. 446
    • Crain, D.A.1
  • 59
    • 0029923149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in penis size and plasma testosterone concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated environment
    • Guillette, L.J., Jr. et al., Reduction in penis size and plasma testosterone concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated environment, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 101, 32, 1996.
    • (1996) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.101 , pp. 32
    • Guillette, L.J.1
  • 60
    • 0345593395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of various environmental contaminants and their relationship to sex steroid concentrations and phallus size in juvenile American alligators
    • Guillette, L.J., Jr. et al., Serum concentrations of various environmental contaminants and their relationship to sex steroid concentrations and phallus size in juvenile American alligators, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 36, 447, 1999.
    • (1999) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.36 , pp. 447
    • Guillette, L.J.1
  • 62
    • 0032192276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on domestic chicken immune function and CYP450 activity:F1 generation and egg injection studies
    • Peden-Adams, M. et al., Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD on domestic chicken immune function and CYP450 activity:F1 generation and egg injection studies, Chemosphere, 37, 1923, 1998.
    • (1998) Chemosphere , vol.37 , pp. 1923
    • Peden-Adams, M.1
  • 63
    • 85052169735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-ovo effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on immune function and CYP450 induction in juvenile American alligators
    • Peden-Adams, M.M. et al., In-ovo effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on immune function and CYP450 induction in juvenile American alligators, Toxicologist, 42, 340, 1998.
    • (1998) Toxicologist , vol.42 , pp. 340
    • Peden-Adams, M.M.1
  • 64
    • 0028574304 scopus 로고
    • Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment:biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species
    • Dickerson, R.L. et al., Toxicological foundations of ecological risk assessment:biomarker development and interpretation based on laboratory and wildlife species. Environ. Health Perspect., 102 (Suppl. 12), 65, 1994.
    • (1994) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.102 , pp. 65
    • Dickerson, R.L.1
  • 65
    • 0003879173 scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press, Washington
    • National Research Council, Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology, National Academy Press, Washington, 1992.
    • (1992) Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology
  • 67
    • 0001796873 scopus 로고
    • Flotsam, jetsam, post-hatchling loggerheads, and the advecting surface smorgasbord
    • in, Bjorndal, K.A. et al., compilers, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-351, U.S. Department of Commerce, Miami, FL
    • Witherington, B.E., Flotsam, jetsam, post-hatchling loggerheads, and the advecting surface smorgasbord, in Proc. 14th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, Bjorndal, K.A. et al., compilers, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-351, U.S. Department of Commerce, Miami, FL, 1994, 166-168.
    • (1994) Proc. 14th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation , pp. 166-168
    • Witherington, B.E.1
  • 68
    • 0023824175 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of loggerhead turtle with the plastic, metal, and hydrocarbon pollution in the central Mediterranean
    • Gramentz, D., Involvement of loggerhead turtle with the plastic, metal, and hydrocarbon pollution in the central Mediterranean, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 19, 11, 1988.
    • (1988) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.19 , pp. 11
    • Gramentz, D.1
  • 69
    • 0020740506 scopus 로고
    • Residues of petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of sea turtles exposed to the Ixtoc I oil spill
    • Hall, R.J., Belisle, A.A., and Sileo, L., Residues of petroleum hydrocarbons in tissues of sea turtles exposed to the Ixtoc I oil spill, J. Wildl. Dis., 19, 106, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 106
    • Hall, R.J.1    Belisle, A.A.2    Sileo, L.3
  • 71
    • 0028933249 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic and clinicopathologic effects of crude oil on loggerhead sea turtles
    • Lutcavage, M.E. et al., Physiologic and clinicopathologic effects of crude oil on loggerhead sea turtles, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 28, 417, 1995.
    • (1995) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.28 , pp. 417
    • Lutcavage, M.E.1
  • 72
    • 0022871090 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, gross, and histological findings in herring gulls and Atlantic puffins that ingested Prudhoe Bay crude oil
    • Leighton, F.A., Clinical, gross, and histological findings in herring gulls and Atlantic puffins that ingested Prudhoe Bay crude oil, Vet. Pathol., 23, 254, 1986.
    • (1986) Vet. Pathol. , vol.23 , pp. 254
    • Leighton, F.A.1
  • 73
    • 0021258921 scopus 로고
    • Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses
    • Rocke, T.E., Yuill, T.M., and Hinsdill, R.D., Oil and related toxicant effects on mallard immune defenses, Environ. Res., 33, 343, 1984.
    • (1984) Environ. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 343
    • Rocke, T.E.1    Yuill, T.M.2    Hinsdill, R.D.3
  • 74
    • 0029896664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of petrochemicals and stress on the immune system of seabirds
    • Briggs, K.T., Yoshida, S.H., and Gershwin, M.E., The influence of petrochemicals and stress on the immune system of seabirds, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 23, 145, 1996.
    • (1996) Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , vol.23 , pp. 145
    • Briggs, K.T.1    Yoshida, S.H.2    Gershwin, M.E.3
  • 76
    • 85052172988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • unpublished data
    • Peden-Adams, M.M. et al., unpublished data, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Peden-Adams, M.M.1
  • 78
    • 31244431769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organochlorine contaminants in sea turtles: correlations between whole blood and fat
    • Keller, J.M. et al., Organochlorine contaminants in sea turtles: correlations between whole blood and fat, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 726, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.23 , pp. 726
    • Keller, J.M.1
  • 79
    • 85052171795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • unpublished data
    • Keller, J.M. et al., unpublished data, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Keller, J.M.1
  • 80
    • 0037177414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating lysozyme and hepatic CYP1A activities during a chronic dietary exposure to tributyltin (TBT) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) mixtures in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
    • Burton, J.E., et al., Circulating lysozyme and hepatic CYP1A activities during a chronic dietary exposure to tributyltin (TBT) and 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) mixtures in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 65, 589, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , vol.65 , pp. 589
    • Burton, J.E.1
  • 82
    • 0036776720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone suppression and cell-mediated immunomodulation in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to PCBs
    • Smits, J.E. et al., Thyroid hormone suppression and cell-mediated immunomodulation in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to PCBs, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 43, 338, 2002.
    • (2002) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.43 , pp. 338
    • Smits, J.E.1
  • 85
    • 0037024137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites
    • Segre, M. et al., Immunological and physiological effects of chronic exposure of Peromyscus leucopus to Aroclor 1254 at a concentration similar to that found at contaminated sites, Toxicology, 174, 163, 2002.
    • (2002) Toxicology , vol.174 , pp. 163
    • Segre, M.1
  • 86
    • 0032951542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses in immature white-footed mice following maternal Aroclor 1254 exposure: a possible bioindicator
    • Wu, P.J. et al., Immunological, hematological, and biochemical responses in immature white-footed mice following maternal Aroclor 1254 exposure: a possible bioindicator, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 36, 469, 1999.
    • (1999) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.36 , pp. 469
    • Wu, P.J.1
  • 88
    • 0032509087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whale leukocytes to selected organochlorines
    • De Guise, S. et al., Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whale leukocytes to selected organochlorines, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A, 55, 479, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A , vol.55 , pp. 479
    • De Guise, S.1
  • 89
    • 0038398956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation by ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners
    • Smithwick, L.A. et al., Inhibition of LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation by ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, Toxicology, 188, 319, 2003.
    • (2003) Toxicology , vol.188 , pp. 319
    • Smithwick, L.A.1
  • 90
    • 0025776449 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte proliferation assays as potential biomarkers for toxicant exposures
    • Snyder, C.A. and Valle, C.D., Lymphocyte proliferation assays as potential biomarkers for toxicant exposures, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 34, 127, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , vol.34 , pp. 127
    • Snyder, C.A.1    Valle, C.D.2
  • 91
    • 0037291219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hormetic dose-response model is more common than the threshold model in toxicology
    • Calabrese, E.J. and Baldwin, L.A., The hormetic dose-response model is more common than the threshold model in toxicology, Toxicol. Sci., 71, 246, 2003.
    • (2003) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 246
    • Calabrese, E.J.1    Baldwin, L.A.2
  • 92
    • 0037184849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affinity of the alligator estrogen receptor for serum pesticide contaminants
    • Guillette L.J., Jr., Vonier, P.M., and McLachlan, J.A., Affinity of the alligator estrogen receptor for serum pesticide contaminants, Toxicology, 181-182, 151, 2002.
    • (2002) Toxicology , vol.181-182 , pp. 151
    • Guillette, L.J.1    Vonier, P.M.2    McLachlan, J.A.3
  • 93
    • 33746074830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The red-eared slider turtle: an animal model for the study of low doses and mixtures
    • Willingham, E. and Crews, D., The red-eared slider turtle: an animal model for the study of low doses and mixtures, Am. Zool., 40, 421, 2000.
    • (2000) Am. Zool. , vol.40 , pp. 421
    • Willingham, E.1    Crews, D.2
  • 94
    • 0032190730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and implementation of endocrine biomarkers of exposure and effects in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Matter, J.M., et al., Development and implementation of endocrine biomarkers of exposure and effects in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), Chemosphere, 37, 1905, 1998.
    • (1998) Chemosphere , vol.37 , pp. 1905
    • Matter, J.M.1
  • 95
    • 0030498568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator
    • Vonier, P.M., Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator, Environ. Health Perspect., 104, 1318, 1996.
    • (1996) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.104 , pp. 1318
    • Vonier, P.M.1
  • 96
    • 0028107742 scopus 로고
    • PCBs as environmental estrogens: turtle sex determination as a biomarker of environmental contamination
    • Bergeron, J.M., Crews, D., and McLachlan, J.A., PCBs as environmental estrogens: turtle sex determination as a biomarker of environmental contamination, Environ. Health Perspect., 102, 780, 1994.
    • (1994) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.102 , pp. 780
    • Bergeron, J.M.1    Crews, D.2    McLachlan, J.A.3
  • 97
    • 0029820958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gonadal steroids and immunity
    • Olsen, N.J. and Kovacs, W.J., Gonadal steroids and immunity, Endocr. Rev., 17, 369, 1996.
    • (1996) Endocr. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 369
    • Olsen, N.J.1    Kovacs, W.J.2
  • 98
    • 0013680301 scopus 로고
    • Endocrine regulation of host immunity
    • in, Fenichel, R.L. and Chirigos, M.A., Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Chap. 26
    • Hall, N.R. and Goldstein, A.L., Endocrine regulation of host immunity, in Immune Modulation Agents and Their Mechanisms, Fenichel, R.L. and Chirigos, M.A., Eds., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1984, 533-563, Chap. 26.
    • (1984) Immune Modulation Agents and Their Mechanisms , pp. 533-563
    • Hall, N.R.1    Goldstein, A.L.2
  • 101
    • 12344325596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring mercury in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta
    • Day, R. et al., Monitoring mercury in the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 437, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 437
    • Day, R.1
  • 102
    • 0029961448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to mercury alters early activation events in fish leukocytes
    • MacDougal, K.C., Johnson, M.D., and Burnett, K.G., Exposure to mercury alters early activation events in fish leukocytes, Environ. Health. Perspect., 104, 1102, 1996.
    • (1996) Environ. Health. Perspect. , vol.104 , pp. 1102
    • MacDougal, K.C.1    Johnson, M.D.2    Burnett, K.G.3
  • 103
    • 0029840776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whale splenocytes and thymocytes to heavy metals
    • De Guise, S. et al., Effects of in vitro exposure of beluga whale splenocytes and thymocytes to heavy metals, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, 1357, 1996.
    • (1996) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.15 , pp. 1357
    • De Guise, S.1
  • 106
    • 0000052511 scopus 로고
    • Fibro-epithelial growths of the skin in large marine turtles Chelonia mydas (Linneaus)
    • Smith, G.M. and Coates, C.W., Fibro-epithelial growths of the skin in large marine turtles Chelonia mydas (Linneaus), Zoologica (NY), 23, 93, 1938.
    • (1938) Zoologica (NY) , vol.23 , pp. 93
    • Smith, G.M.1    Coates, C.W.2
  • 107
    • 0028079281 scopus 로고
    • An epizootic of cutaneous fibropapillomas in green turtles Chelonia mydas of the Caribbean: part of a panzootic?
    • Williams, E.H., Jr. et al., An epizootic of cutaneous fibropapillomas in green turtles Chelonia mydas of the Caribbean: part of a panzootic?, J. Aquat. Anim. Health, 6, 70, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Aquat. Anim. Health , vol.6 , pp. 70
    • Williams, E.H.1
  • 108
    • 0002965797 scopus 로고
    • Current status of fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian green turtle, Chelonia mydas
    • in, Balazs, G.H. and Pooley, S.G., Eds., NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-156, U.S. Department of Commerce, Honolulu, HI
    • Balazs, G.H., Current status of fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian green turtle, Chelonia mydas, in Research Plan for Marine Turtle Fibropapilloma, Balazs, G.H. and Pooley, S.G., Eds., NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-156, U.S. Department of Commerce, Honolulu, HI, 1991, 47-48.
    • (1991) Research Plan for Marine Turtle Fibropapilloma , pp. 47-48
    • Balazs, G.H.1
  • 109
    • 17644379502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine turtles as sentinels of ecosystem health:is fibropapillomatosis an indicator?
    • Aguirre, A.A. and Lutz, P.L., Marine turtles as sentinels of ecosystem health:is fibropapillomatosis an indicator? EcoHealth, 1, 275, 2004.
    • (2004) EcoHealth , vol.1 , pp. 275
    • Aguirre, A.A.1    Lutz, P.L.2
  • 112
    • 0012542033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the health and conservation of marine mammals and sea turtles and their ecosystems
    • in, Aguirre, A.A. et al., Eds., Oxford University Press, New York
    • Aguirre, A.A. et al., Monitoring the health and conservation of marine mammals and sea turtles and their ecosystems, in Conservation Medicine:Ecological Health in Practice, Aguirre, A.A. et al., Eds., Oxford University Press, New York, 2002, 79-94.
    • (2002) Conservation Medicine:Ecological Health in Practice , pp. 79-94
    • Aguirre, A.A.1
  • 113
    • 0034009628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a small, naked virus in tumor-like aggregates in cell lines derived from a green turtle, Chelonia mydas, with fibropapillomas
    • Lu, Y.N. et al., Identification of a small, naked virus in tumor-like aggregates in cell lines derived from a green turtle, Chelonia mydas, with fibropapillomas, J. Virol. Methods, 86, 25, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Virol. Methods , vol.86 , pp. 25
    • Lu, Y.N.1
  • 114
    • 0029167529 scopus 로고
    • Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts
    • Herbst, L.H. et al., Experimental transmission of green turtle fibropapillomatosis using cell-free tumor extracts, Dis. Aquat. Org., 22, 1, 1995.
    • (1995) Dis. Aquat. Org. , vol.22 , pp. 1
    • Herbst, L.H.1
  • 115
    • 0042200349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered in vitro immune responses in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis
    • Cray, C. et al., Altered in vitro immune responses in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis, J. Zool. Wildl. Med., 32, 436, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Zool. Wildl. Med. , vol.32 , pp. 436
    • Cray, C.1
  • 116
    • 85052179273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosuppression and fibropapilloma disease in wild green sea turtle populations (Chelonia mydas)
    • in, Mosier, A., Foley, A., and Brost, B., compilers, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-477, U.S. Department of Commerce, Miami, FL
    • Sposato, P.L., Lutz, P.L., and Cray, C., Immunosuppression and fibropapilloma disease in wild green sea turtle populations (Chelonia mydas), in Proc. 20th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, Mosier, A., Foley, A., and Brost, B., compilers, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-477, U.S. Department of Commerce, Miami, FL, 2002, 152-153.
    • (2002) Proc. 20th Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation , pp. 152-153
    • Sposato, P.L.1    Lutz, P.L.2    Cray, C.3
  • 117
    • 0035403923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii
    • Work, T.M. et al., Immune status of free-ranging green turtles with fibropapillomatosis from Hawaii, J. Wildl. Dis., 37, 574, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.37 , pp. 574
    • Work, T.M.1
  • 118
    • 0034449360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood biochemistry values of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, with and without fibropapillomatosis
    • Aguirre, A.A. and Balazs, G.H., Blood biochemistry values of green turtles, Chelonia mydas, with and without fibropapillomatosis, Comp. Haematol. Int., 10, 132, 2000.
    • (2000) Comp. Haematol. Int. , vol.10 , pp. 132
    • Aguirre, A.A.1    Balazs, G.H.2
  • 119
    • 0000250343 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal and hematological responses to stress in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapillomas
    • Aguirre, A.A. et al., Adrenal and hematological responses to stress in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapillomas, Physiol. Zool., 68, 831, 1995.
    • (1995) Physiol. Zool. , vol.68 , pp. 831
    • Aguirre, A.A.1
  • 120
    • 0028182008 scopus 로고
    • Organic contaminants and trace metals in the tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) afflicted with fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian Islands
    • Aguirre, A.A. et al., Organic contaminants and trace metals in the tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) afflicted with fibropapillomas in the Hawaiian Islands, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 28, 109, 1994.
    • (1994) Mar. Pollut. Bull. , vol.28 , pp. 109
    • Aguirre, A.A.1
  • 121
    • 0035904894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congener-specific profile and toxicity assessment of PCBs in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Hawaiian Islands
    • Miao, X-S. et al., Congener-specific profile and toxicity assessment of PCBs in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Hawaiian Islands, Sci. Total Environ., 281, 247, 2001.
    • (2001) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.281 , pp. 247
    • Miao, X.-S.1
  • 122
    • 0346430568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological risk assessment paradigm for salmon: analyzing immune function to evaluate risk
    • Arkoosh, M.R. and Collier, T.K., Ecological risk assessment paradigm for salmon: analyzing immune function to evaluate risk. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess., 8, 265, 2002.
    • (2002) Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. , vol.8 , pp. 265
    • Arkoosh, M.R.1    Collier, T.K.2
  • 123
    • 0036173991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to benzo[a]pyrene suppresses immune function and host resistance against bacterial challenge
    • Carlson, E.A., Li, Y., and Zelikoff, J.T., Exposure of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to benzo[a]pyrene suppresses immune function and host resistance against bacterial challenge, Aquat. Toxicol., 56, 289, 2002.
    • (2002) Aquat. Toxicol. , vol.56 , pp. 289
    • Carlson, E.A.1    Li, Y.2    Zelikoff, J.T.3
  • 124
    • 0030589129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of mercuric chloride on resistance to generalized infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice
    • Christensen, M.M. et al., Influence of mercuric chloride on resistance to generalized infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice, Toxicology, 114, 57, 1996.
    • (1996) Toxicology , vol.114 , pp. 57
    • Christensen, M.M.1
  • 125
    • 0002671556 scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers: the way forward in environmental assessment
    • Peakall, D.B., Biomarkers: the way forward in environmental assessment, Toxicol. Ecotoxicol. News, 1, 55, 1994.
    • (1994) Toxicol. Ecotoxicol. News , vol.1 , pp. 55
    • Peakall, D.B.1
  • 126
    • 17144415002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal exposure to low dose 2,2′,4,4′,5 pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 99) impairs male reproductive performance in adult rat offspring
    • Kuriyama, S. and Chahoud, I., Maternal exposure to low dose 2,2′,4,4′,5 pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 99) impairs male reproductive performance in adult rat offspring, Organohalogen Compounds, 61, 92, 2003.
    • (2003) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.61 , pp. 92
    • Kuriyama, S.1    Chahoud, I.2
  • 127
    • 0035501236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further evidence for the involvement of inhibition of cell proliferation and development in thymic and splenic atrophy induced by the peroxisome proliferator perfluoroctanoic acid in mice
    • Yang, Q. et al., Further evidence for the involvement of inhibition of cell proliferation and development in thymic and splenic atrophy induced by the peroxisome proliferator perfluoroctanoic acid in mice, Biochem. Pharmacol., 62, 1133, 2001.
    • (2001) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.62 , pp. 1133
    • Yang, Q.1
  • 128
    • 0000712432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on immunological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in rats and mice
    • Darnerud, P.O., and Thuvander, A., Studies on immunological effects of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in rats and mice, Organohalogen Compounds, 70, 415, 1998.
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.70 , pp. 415
    • Darnerud, P.O.1    Thuvander, A.2
  • 129
    • 0002944067 scopus 로고
    • Fish Immunotoxicology
    • in, 2nd ed., Dean, J.H. et al., Eds., Raven Press, New York, Chap. 5
    • Zelikoff, J.T., Fish Immunotoxicology, in Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology, 2nd ed., Dean, J.H. et al., Eds., Raven Press, New York, 1994, 71-95, Chap. 5.
    • (1994) Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology , pp. 71-95
    • Zelikoff, J.T.1
  • 130
    • 1942424053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of time, sex and geographic factors on levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in human serum over the last 25 years
    • Harada, K. et al., The influence of time, sex and geographic factors on levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in human serum over the last 25 years, J. Occup. Health, 46, 141, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Occup. Health , vol.46 , pp. 141
    • Harada, K.1
  • 131
    • 0036223196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment
    • deWit, C.A., An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment, Chemosphere, 46, 583, 2002.
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.46 , pp. 583
    • deWit, C.A.1
  • 133
    • 0033679269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in plasma of the Lake Erie water snake (Nerodia sipedon insularum) and Northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) from the Great Lakes Basin in 1998
    • Bishop, C.A. and Rouse, J.D., Chlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in plasma of the Lake Erie water snake (Nerodia sipedon insularum) and Northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon) from the Great Lakes Basin in 1998, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 39, 500, 2000.
    • (2000) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.39 , pp. 500
    • Bishop, C.A.1    Rouse, J.D.2
  • 134
    • 0036590306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually dimorphic morphology of hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from contaminated and reference sites in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basin, North America
    • de Solla, S.R., Bishop, C.A., and Brooks, R.J., Sexually dimorphic morphology of hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from contaminated and reference sites in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River basin, North America, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 21, 922, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 922
    • de Solla, S.R.1    Bishop, C.A.2    Brooks, R.J.3
  • 135
    • 0030879591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in steroidogenesis in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) exposed naturally and experimentally to environmental contaminants
    • Crain, D.A. et al., Alterations in steroidogenesis in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) exposed naturally and experimentally to environmental contaminants. Environ. Health Perspect., 105, 528, 1997.
    • (1997) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.105 , pp. 528
    • Crain, D.A.1
  • 136
    • 0023855113 scopus 로고
    • Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity: National Toxicology Program's guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice
    • Luster, M.I. et al., Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity: National Toxicology Program's guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 10, 2, 1988.
    • (1988) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.10 , pp. 2
    • Luster, M.I.1
  • 137
    • 0033135242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamines and plasma corticosterone following restraint stress in juvenile alligators
    • Lance, V.A. and Elsey, R.M., Plasma catecholamines and plasma corticosterone following restraint stress in juvenile alligators, J. Exp. Zool., 283, 559, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.283 , pp. 559
    • Lance, V.A.1    Elsey, R.M.2
  • 138
    • 0031259781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term corticosterone implants on growth and immune function in juvenile alligators, Alligator mississippiensis
    • Morici, L.A., Elsey, R.M., and Lance, V.A., Effects of long-term corticosterone implants on growth and immune function in juvenile alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, J. Exp. Zool., 279, 156, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.279 , pp. 156
    • Morici, L.A.1    Elsey, R.M.2    Lance, V.A.3
  • 139
    • 0043057744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal disease haemogram and plasma biochemistry in green iguana
    • Knotek, Z. et al., Renal disease haemogram and plasma biochemistry in green iguana. Acta Vet. Brno, 71, 333, 2002.
    • (2002) Acta Vet. Brno , vol.71 , pp. 333
    • Knotek, Z.1
  • 140
    • 0033956245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in hematological variables in adult and prefledgling herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and possible associations with organochlorine exposure
    • Grasman, K.A., Scanlon, P.F., and Fox, G.A., Geographic variation in hematological variables in adult and prefledgling herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and possible associations with organochlorine exposure, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38, 244, 2000.
    • (2000) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , vol.38 , pp. 244
    • Grasman, K.A.1    Scanlon, P.F.2    Fox, G.A.3
  • 141
    • 77957180613 scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment in immunotoxicology II. Relationships between immune and host resistance tests
    • Luster, M.I. et al., Risk assessment in immunotoxicology II. Relationships between immune and host resistance tests, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 21, 71, 1993.
    • (1993) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 71
    • Luster, M.I.1
  • 142
    • 0034219080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a two-step Percoll® gradient for separation of loggerhead sea turtle peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Harms, C.A., Keller, J.M., and Kennedy-Stoskopf, S., Use of a two-step Percoll® gradient for separation of loggerhead sea turtle peripheral blood mononuclear cells, J. Wildl. Dis., 36, 535, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Wildl. Dis. , vol.36 , pp. 535
    • Harms, C.A.1    Keller, J.M.2    Kennedy-Stoskopf, S.3
  • 143
    • 0242334116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial properties of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
    • Merchant, M.E. et al., Antibacterial properties of serum from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 136, 505, 2003.
    • (2003) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B , vol.136 , pp. 505
    • Merchant, M.E.1
  • 144
    • 0034704978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing humoral and cell-mediated immune response in Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas
    • Work, T.M. et al., Assessing humoral and cell-mediated immune response in Hawaiian green turtles, Chelonia mydas, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 74, 179, 2000.
    • (2000) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.74 , pp. 179
    • Work, T.M.1
  • 145
    • 0027251509 scopus 로고
    • Detection of antibodies to a pathogenic mycoplasma in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with upper respiratory tract disease
    • Schumacher, I.M. et al., Detection of antibodies to a pathogenic mycoplasma in desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) with upper respiratory tract disease, J. Clin. Microbiol., 31, 1454, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 1454
    • Schumacher, I.M.1
  • 146
    • 0034823996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting herpesvirus exposure in Mediterranean tortoises (spur-thighed tortoise [Testudo graeca] and Hermann's tortoise [Testudo hermanni])
    • Origgi, F.C. et al., Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting herpesvirus exposure in Mediterranean tortoises (spur-thighed tortoise [Testudo graeca] and Hermann's tortoise [Testudo hermanni]), J. Clin. Microbiol., 39, 3156, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 3156
    • Origgi, F.C.1
  • 147
    • 0035172846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of antibodies to a pathogenic mycoplasma in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), broad-nosed caimans (Caiman latirostris), and Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis)
    • Brown, D.R. et al., Detection of antibodies to a pathogenic mycoplasma in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), broad-nosed caimans (Caiman latirostris), and Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis), J. Clin. Microbiol., 39, 285, 2001.
    • (2001) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.39 , pp. 285
    • Brown, D.R.1
  • 148
    • 0014125320 scopus 로고
    • Immunization of disassociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice
    • Mishell, R. and Dutton, R., Immunization of disassociated spleen cell cultures from normal mice, J. Exp. Med., 126, 423, 1967.
    • (1967) J. Exp. Med. , vol.126 , pp. 423
    • Mishell, R.1    Dutton, R.2
  • 149
    • 0029002807 scopus 로고
    • Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-induced suppression of the plaque-forming cell response in B6C3F1 splenocytes cultured with allogenic mouse serum: Ah receptor structure activity relationships
    • Harper, N. et al., Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-induced suppression of the plaque-forming cell response in B6C3F1 splenocytes cultured with allogenic mouse serum: Ah receptor structure activity relationships, Toxicology, 99, 199, 1995.
    • (1995) Toxicology , vol.99 , pp. 199
    • Harper, N.1
  • 150
    • 85052183244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • personal communication
    • Gross, T.S., personal communication, 2004.
    • (2004)
    • Gross, T.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.