Negotiating Turkey's accession: The limitations of the current EU Strategy

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 381-397

  Gates, Andrea ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 85048997240     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2005025     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Although I do not discuss the topic here, a number of other scholars have written about conditionality and accession by the Central and East European Countries: Frank Schimmelfennig, Stefan Engert and Heiko Knobel, 'Costs, Commitment and Compliance: The Impact of EU Democratic Conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia and Turkey' (2003) 41/3 Journal of Common Market Studies, pp. 495-518
2. Diane Ethier, 'Is Democracy Promotion Effective? Comparing Conditionality and Incentives' (2003) 10/1 Democratization, pp. 99-120
3. Heather Grabbe, 'European Union Conditionality and the Acquis Communautaire' (2002) 23/3 International Political Science Review, pp. 249-268.
4. For further details, see Thomas Biersteker, 'Reducing the Role of the State in the Economy: A Conceptual Exploration of IMF and World Bank Prescriptions' (1990) 34/4 International Studies Quarterly, pp. 477-492.
5. Michael Mussa and Miguel Savastano, 'The IMF Approach to Economic Stabilization' (1999) IMF Working Paper, no. 99/104
6. Valerie Mercer-Blackman and Anna Unigovskaya, 'Compliance with IMF Indicators and Growth in Transition Economies' (2000) IMF Working Paper, no. 00/47.
7. Graham Bird, 'IMF Programs: do they work? Can they be made to work better?' (2001) 29/11 World Development, pp. 1849-1865.
8. These criteria were set out at the Copenhagen European Council and are generally referred to as the Copenhagen criteria, .
9. For more on the challenges facing Turkey, see Ihsan Dagi, 'Human rights, democratization and the European Community in Turkish politics: the Ozal years, 1983-87' (2001) 37/1 Middle Eastern Studies, pp. 17-40
10. Andrew Mango, Turkey: the urge to reform (Middle Eastern Studies, London, 2001)
11. Ziya Öni, 'Domestic Politics, International Norms and Challenges to the State: Turkey-EU Relations in the Post-Helsinki Era', paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Middle East Studies Association, Washington D.C., 23-26 November 2002.
12. Gareth Jenkins, Context and Circumstance: The Turkish military and politics (Oxford University Press for the International Institute of Strategic Studies, Oxford, 2001), p. 39.
13. European Commission, Regular report on Turkey's progress towards accession (Secretariat General: Brussels, various years).
14. German Social Democrats are not in jeopardy in the upcoming general elections because of Schröder's position on Turkey alone, but it has made his situation more difficult; as Wood and Quaisser note, a 2004 poll suggests the majority of Germans are opposed to Turkey's accession. For more on Member States advocating on behalf of Turkey's accession, see S. Wood and W. Quaisser, 'Turkey's Road to the EU: Political Dynamics, Strategic Context and Implications for Europe' (2005) 10 EFA Rev, pp. 147-173.
15. While Martin and Teitelbaum in a recent article characterize the situation between Turkey and the EU as one of 'yes-but', this is an optimistic assessment. There is, at present, no 'yes' or guarantee that Turkey will be invited to join the EU. Philip L. Martin and Michael S. Teitelbaum, 'Is Turkey Ready for Europe?' (2003) 82/3 Foreign Policy, pp. 97-111.