A scoping review of suicidality and alexithymia: The need to consider interoception

Journal of Affective Disorders

Volumn 238, Issue , 2018, Pages 424-441

  Davey, Steven ^a   Halberstadt, Jamin ^a   Bell, Elliot ^a   Collings, Sunny ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Alexithymia; Emotion regulation; Interoception; Scoping review; Suicidality

Indexed keywords

ALEXITHYMIA; BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY; EMOTION; EMOTIONALITY; HUMAN; INTEROCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOCIAL STATUS; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDALITY; SUICIDE; TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; FRUSTRATION; HAPPINESS; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY;

AFFECTIVE SYMPTOMS; EMOTIONS; FRUSTRATION; HAPPINESS; HUMANS; INTEROCEPTION; MALE; SUICIDE;

EID: 85048541949     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.027     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. Alpaslan, A.H., Soylu, N., Avci, K., Coskun, K.S., Kocak, U., Tas, H.U., Disordered eating attitudes, alexithymia and suicide probability among Turkish high school girls. Psychiatry Res. 226:1 (2015), 224–229.
2. Arksey, H., O'Malley, L., Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol. 8 (2005), 19–32.
3. Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D., Taylor, G.J., The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale–I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J. Psychosom. Res. 38:1 (1994), 23–32.
4. Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J., Parker, J.D., The Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale–II. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. J. Psychosom. Res. 38:1 (1994), 33–40.
5. Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J., Parker, J.D.A., Construct-validity of the Toronto Alexithymia scale. Psychother. Psychosom. 50:1 (1988), 29–34.
6. Barlow, D.H., Allen, L.B., Choate, M.L, Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders-republished article. Behav. Ther. 47 (2016), 838–853.
7. Barrett, L.F., The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 12:1 (2017), 1–23.
8. Baumeister, R.F., Suicide as escape from self. Psychol. Rev. 97:1 (1990), 90–113.
9. Beck, A.T., Brown, G., Berchick, R.J., Stewart, B.L., Steer, R.A., Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide - a replication with psychiatric outpatients. Am. J. Psychiatry 147:2 (1990), 190–195.
10. Beck, A.T., Erbaugh, J., Ward, C.H., Mock, J., Mendelsohn, M., An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 4:6 (1961), 561–571.
11. Beck, A.T., Kovacs, M., Weissman, A., Assessment of suicidal intention - scale for suicide ideation. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 47:2 (1979), 343–352.
12. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Brown, G.K., Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. 1996.
13. Berthoz, S., Consoli, S., Perez-Diaz, F., Jouvent, R., Alexithymia and anxiety: compounded relationships? A psychometric study. Eur. Psychiatry 14:7 (1999), 372–378.
14. Bornemann, B., Singer, T., Taking time to feel our body: steady increases in heartbeat perception accuracy and decreases in alexithymia over 9 months of contemplative mental training. Psychophysiology 54:3 (2017), 469–482.
15. Brewer, R., Cook, R., Bird, G., Alexithymia: a general deficit of interoception. R. Soc. Open Sci., 3(10), 2016, 150664.
16. Brown, G.K., Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Grisham, J.R., Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: a 20-year prospective study. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 68:3 (2000), 371–377.
17. Bush, G., Luu, P., Posner, M.I., Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 4:6 (2000), 215–222.
18. Callary, S.A., Solomon, L.B., Holubowycz, O.T., Campbell, D.G., Munn, Z., Howie, D.W., Wear of highly crosslinked polyethylene acetabular components. Acta Orthopaedica 86:2 (2015), 159–168.
19. Cameron, O.G., Interoception: the inside story - a model for psychosomatic processes. Psychosom. Med. 63:5 (2001), 697–710.
20. Carano, A., De Berardis, D., Campanella, D., Serroni, N., Ferri, F., Di Iorio, G., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia and suicide ideation in a sample of patients with binge eating disorder. J Psychiatr. Pract. 18:1 (2012), 5–11.
21. Carta, M.G., Sancassiani, F., Pippia, V., Bhat, K.M., Sardu, C., Meloni, L., Alexithymia is associated with delayed treatment seeking in acute myocardial infarction. Psychother. Psychosom. 82:3 (2013), 190–192.
22. Chang, M.C., Lee, M.B., Lee, T.H., Lung, F.W., Paternal and maternal bonding disparity in suicide. Neuropsychiatry 6:6 (2016), 351–361.
23. Cox, B.J., Swinson, R.P., Shulman, I.D., Bourdeau, D., Alexithymia in panic disorder and social phobia. Compr. Psychiatry 36:3 (1995), 195–198.
24. Craig, A.D., Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 13:4 (2003), 500–505.
25. Craig, A.D., A new view of pain as homeostatic emotion. Neurosciences, 26(6), 2003.
26. Crilly, T., Jashapara, A., Ferlie, E., Research Utilisation & Knowledge Mobilisation: A Scoping Review of the Literature. 2010, Southampton: National Institute for Health Research Service Delivery and Organisation Programme.
27. Daubenmier, J., Sze, J., Kerr, C.E., Kemeny, M.E., Mehling, W., Follow your breath: respiratory interoceptive accuracy in experienced meditators. Psychophysiology 50:8 (2013), 777–789.
28. De Berardis, D., Campanella, D., Gambi, F., Sepede, G., Salini, G., Carano, A., Ferro, F.M., Insight and alexithymia in adult outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 255:5 (2005), 350–358.
29. De Berardis, D., Campanella, D., Serroni, N., Moschetta, F.S., Di Emidio, F., Conti, C., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia, suicide risk and serum lipid levels among adult outpatients with panic disorder. Compr. Psychiatry 54:5 (2013), 517–522.
30. De Berardis, D., Fornaro, M., Orsolini, L., Valchera, A., Carano, A., Vellante, F., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia and suicide risk in psychiatric disorders: a mini-review. Front. Psychiatry, 8, 2017.
31. De Berardis, D., Serroni, N., Campanella, D., Carano, A., Gambi, F., Valchera, A., Ferro, F.M., Alexithymia and its relationships with C-reactive protein and serum lipid levels among drug naive adult outpatients with major depression. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 32:8 (2008), 1982–1986.
32. De Berardis, D., Serroni, N., Campanella, D., Marini, S., Rapini, G., Valchera, A., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia, suicide ideation, C-reactive protein, and serum lipid levels among outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder. Arch. Suicide Res. 21:1 (2017), 100–112.
33. De Berardis, D., Serroni, N., Campanella, D., Rapini, G., Olivieri, L., Feliziani, B., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia, responsibility attitudes and suicide ideation among outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study. Compr. Psychiatry 58 (2015), 82–87.
34. De Berardis, D., Serroni, N., Marini, S., Rapini, G., Carano, A., Valchera, A., Di Giannantonio, M., Alexithymia, suicidal ideation, and serum lipid levels among drug-naive outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria 36:2 (2014), 125–130.
35. de la Fuente Arias, M., Franco Justo, C., Salvador Granados, M., [Effects of a meditation program (mindfulness) on the measure of alexithymia and social skills]. [Spanish]. Psicothema 22 (2010), 369–375.
36. Dodd, D.R., Smith, A.R., Forrest, L.N., Witte, T.K., Bodell, L., Bartlett, M., Siegfried, N., Goodwin, N., Interoceptive Deficits, Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury, and Suicide Attempts Among Women with Eating Disorders. Suicide Life Threat Behav, 2017.
37. Dunn, B.D., Galton, H.C., Morgan, R., Evans, D., Oliver, C., Meyer, M., Dalgleish, T., Listening to your heart: how interoception shapes emotion experience and intuitive decision making. Psychol. Sci. 21:12 (2010), 1835–1844.
38. Etkin, A., Egner, T., Kalisch, R., Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15:2 (2011), 85–93.
39. Evren, C., Evren, B., The relationship of suicide attempt history with childhood abuse and neglect, alexithymia and temperament and character dimensions of personality in substance dependents. Nord. J. Psychiatry 60:4 (2006), 263–269.
40. Forcano, L., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Alvarez-Moya, E., Bulik, C., Granero, R., Gratacos, M., Estivill, X., Suicide attempts in bulimia nervosa: personality and psychopathological correlates. Eur. Psychiatry 24:2 (2009), 91–97.
41. Forrest, L.N., Smith, A.R., White, R.D., Joiner, T.E., (Dis)connected: an examination of interoception in individuals with suicidality. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 124:3 (2015), 754–763.
42. Franklin, J.C., Aaron, R.V., Arthur, M.S., Shorkey, S.P., Prinstein, M.J., Nonsuicidal self-injury and diminished pain perception: the role of emotion dysregulation. Compr. Psychiatry 53:6 (2012), 691–700.
43. Franklin, J.C., Ribeiro, J.D., Fox, K.R., Bentley, K.H., Kleiman, E.M., Huang, X.Y.N., Nock, M.K., Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychol. Bull. 143:2 (2017), U121–U187.
44. Freyberger, H., Supportive psychotherapeutic techniques in primary and secondary alexithymia. Psychother. Psychosom. 28:1–4 (1977), 337–342.
45. Füstös, J., Gramann, K., Herbert, B.M., Pollatos, O., On the embodiment of emotion regulation: interoceptive awareness facilitates reappraisal. Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 8:8 (2013), 911–917.
46. Garfinkel, S.N., Critchley, H.D., Interoception, emotion and brain: new insights link internal physiology to social behaviour. Commentary on: ``Anterior insular cortex mediates bodily sensibility and social anxiety'' by Terasawa et al. (2012). Soc. Cognit. Affect. Neurosci. 8:3 (2013), 231–234.
47. Ghorbani, F., Khosravani, V., Sharifi Bastan, F., Jamaati Ardakani, R., The alexithymia, emotion regulation, emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative affects, and suicidal risk in alcohol-dependent outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 252 (2017), 223–230.
48. Grynberg, D., Pollatos, O., Perceiving one's body shapes empathy. Physiol. Behav. 140 (2015), 54–60.
49. Güleç, M.Y., Ýnanç, L., Yanartap, Ö., Üzer, A., Güleç, H., Predictors of suicide in patients with conversion disorder. Compr. Psychiatry 55:3 (2014), 457–462.
50. Haviland, M.G., Warren, W.L., Riggs, M.L., An observer scale to measure alexithymia. Psychosomatics 41:5 (2000), 385–392.
51. Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K.G., Bissett, R.T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., McCurry, S.M., Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. Psychol. Rec. 54:4 (2004), 553–578.
52. Herbert, B.M., Herbert, C., Pollatos, O., On the relationship between interoceptive awareness and alexithymia: Is interoceptive awareness related to emotional awareness?. J. Pers. 79:5 (2011), 948–962.
53. Hintikka, J., Honkalampi, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Antikainen, R., Tanskanen, A., Haatainen, K., Viinamaki, H., Alexithymia and suicidal ideation: a 12-month follow-up study in a general population. Compr. Psychiatry 45:5 (2004), 340–345.
54. Hirsch, N., Hautekeete, M., Kochman, F., [Early maladaptive processes, depression and alexithymia in suicidal hospitalized adolescents]. Encephale 27:1 (2001), 61–70.
55. Honkalampi, K., Hintikka, J., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Antikainen, R., Haatainen, K., Viinamaki, H., Long-term alexithymic features indicate poor recovery from depression and psychopathology. Psychother. Psychosom. 76:5 (2007), 312–314.
56. Honkalampi, K., Hintikka, J., Saarinen, P., Lehtonen, J., Viinamaki, H., Is alexithymia a permanent feature in depressed patients? Results from a 6-month follow-up study. Psychother. Psychosom. 69:6 (2000), 303–308.
57. Honkalampi, K., Saarinen, P., Hintikka, J., Virtanen, V., Viinamaki, H., Factors associated with alexithymia in patients suffering from depression. Psychother. Psychosom. 68:5 (1999), 270–275.
58. Huang, K.-C., Tzeng, D.-S., Lin, C.-H., Chung, W.-C., Interpersonal-psychological theory, alexithymia, and personality predict suicide ideation among maladjusted soldiers in Taiwan. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 47:5 (2017), 603–611.
59. Iancu, I., Dannon, P.N., Poreh, A., Lepkifker, E., Grunhaus, L., Alexithymia and suicidality in panic disorder. Compr. Psychiatry 42:6 (2001), 477–481.
60. Iancu, I., Horesh, N., Offer, D., Dannon, P.N., Lepkifker, E., Kotler, M., Alexithymia, affect intensity and emotional range in suicidal patients. Psychother. Psychosom. 68:5 (1999), 276–280.
61. Izci, F., Zincir, S., Zincir, S.B., Bilici, R., Gica, S., Koc, M.S.I., Semiz, U.B., Suicide attempt, suicidal ideation and hopelessness levels in major depressive patients with and without alexithymia. Dusunen Adam-J. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 28:1 (2015), 27–33.
62. Jessimer, M., Markham, R., Alexithymia: a right hemisphere dysfunction specific to recognition of certain facial expressions?. Brain Cogn. 34:2 (1997), 246–258.
63. Kampfer, N., Staufenbiel, S., Wegener, I., Rambau, S., Urbach, A.S., Mucke, M., Conrad, R., Suicidality in patients with somatoform disorder - the speechless expression of anger?. Psychiatry Res. 246 (2016), 485–491.
64. Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G.A., Julkunen, J., Wilson, T.W., Salonen, J.T., Social-factors in alexithymia. Compr. Psychiatry 34:5 (1993), 330–335.
65. Kealy, D., Ogrodniczuk, J.S., Rice, S.M, Oliffe, J.L., Alexithymia, suicidal ideation and health-risk behaviours: a survey of Canadian men. Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract. 22:1 (2017), 77–79.
66. Kim, H., Seo, J., Namkoong, K., Hwang, E.H., Sohn, S.Y., Kim, S.J., Kang, J.I., Alexithymia and perfectionism traits are associated with suicidal risk in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J. Affect. Disord. 192 (2016), 50–55.
67. Klabunde, M., Acheson, D.T., Boutelle, K.N., Matthews, S.C., Kaye, W.H., Interoceptive sensitivity deficits in women recovered from bulimia nervosa. Eat. Behav. 14:4 (2013), 488–492.
68. Klonsky, E.D., Non-suicidal self-injury: an introduction. J. Clin. Psychol. 63:11 (2007), 1039–1043.
69. Kober, H., Barrett, L.F., Joseph, J., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lindquist, K., Wager, T.D., Functional grouping and cortical-subcortical interactions in emotion: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 42:2 (2008), 998–1031.
70. Koch, A., Pollatos, O., Cardiac sensitivity in children: sex differences and its relationship to parameters of emotional processing. Psychophysiology 51:9 (2014), 932–941.
71. Kušević, Z., Ćusa, B.V., Babić, G., Marčinko, D., Could alexithymia predict suicide attempts - a study of croatian war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatria Danubina 27:4 (2015), 420–423.
72. Lester, D., Alexithymia, depression, and suicidal preoccupation. Percept. Mot. Skills, 72(3), 1991, 1058.
73. Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., O'Brien, K.K., Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement. Sci., 5, 2010.
74. Levant, R.A.,PA, Lien, MC., Alexithymia in men: how and when do emotional processing deficiencies occur?. Psychol. Men Masculin 15 (2014), 324–334.
75. Leweke, F.L., F, Kruse, J, Hermes, S., Is alexithymia associated with specific mental disorders?. Psychopathology 45:1 (2012), 22–28.
76. Lindholm, T., Lehtinen, V., Hyyppa, M.T., Puukka, P., Alexithymic features in relation to the dexamethasone suppression test in a finnish population-sample. Am. J. Psychiatry 147:9 (1990), 1216–1219.
77. Lindquist, K.A., Wager, T.D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., Barrett, L.F., The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review. Behav. Brain Sci. 35:3 (2012), 121–143.
78. Loas, G., Dalleau, E., Lecointe, H., Yon, V., Relationships between anhedonia, alexithymia, impulsivity, suicidal ideation, recent suicide attempt, C-reactive protein and serum lipid levels among 122 inpatients with mood or anxious disorders. Psychiatry Res. 246 (2016), 296–302.
79. Lumley, M.A., Neely, L.C., Burger, A.J., The assessment of alexithymia in medical settings: implications for understanding and treating health problems. J. Pers. Assess. 89:3 (2007), 230–246.
80. Lynch, T.R., Cheavens, J.S., Morse, J.Q., Rosenthal, M.Z., A model predicting suicidal ideation and hopelessness in depressed older adults: the impact of emotion inhibition and affect intensity. Aging Mental Health 8:6 (2004), 486–497.
81. Lynch, T.R., Robins, C.J., Morse, J.Q., Krause, E.D., A mediational model relating affect intensity, emotion inhibition, and psychological distress. Behav. Ther. 32:3 (2001), 519–536.
82. Lyvers, M., Duric, N., Thorberg, F.A., Caffeine use and alexithymia in university students. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46:4 (2014), 340–346.
83. Mattila, A.K., Salminen, J.K., Nummi, T., Joukamaa, M., Age is strongly associated with alexithymia in the general population. J. Psychosom. Res. 61:5 (2006), 629–635.
84. Michal, M., Reuchlein, B., Adler, J., Reiner, I., Beutel, M.E., Vögele, C., et al. Striking discrepancy of anomalous body experiences with normal interoceptive accuracy in depersonalization-derealization disorder. PLoS One, 9(2), 2014, e89823.
85. Mays, N., Roberts, E., Popay, J., Synthesising research evidence. N., Fulop, P., Allen, A., Clarke, N., Black, (eds.) Studying the organisation and delivery of health services: Research methods, 2001, Routledge, London, 188–219.
86. Mirams, L., Poliakoff, E., Brown, R.J., Lloyd, D.M., Interoceptive and exteroceptive attention have opposite effects on subsequent somatosensory perceptual decision making. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 65 (2012), 926–938.
87. Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Stewart, L.A., Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst. Rev., 4(1), 2015, 1.
88. Morie, K.P., Yip, S.W., Nich, C., Hunkele, K., Carroll, K.M., Potenza, M.N., Alexithymia and addiction: a review and preliminary data suggesting neurobiological links to reward/loss processing. Curr. Addict. Rep. 3:2 (2016), 239–248.
89. Muehlenkamp, J.J., Peat, C.M., Claes, L., Smits, D., Self-injury and disordered eating: Expressing emo- tion dysregulation through the body. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 42 (2012), 416–425.
90. Na, K.S., Oh, S.J., Jung, H.Y., Lee, S.I., Kim, Y.K., Han, C., Kim, S.G., Alexithymia and low cooperativeness are associated with suicide attempts in male military personnel with adjustment disorder: a case-control study. Psychiatry Res. 205:3 (2013), 220–226.
91. Nemiah, J.C., Freyberger, H., Sifneos, P.E., Alexithymia: a view of the psychosomatic process. Mod. Tends Psychosom. Med. 3 (1976), 430–439.
92. Nepon, J., Belik, S.L., Bolton, J., Sareen, J., The relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide attempts: findings from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Depress. Anxiety 27:9 (2010), 791–798.
93. Nguyen, V.T., Breakspear, M., Hu, X.T., Guo, C.C., The integration of the internal and external milieu in the insula during dynamic emotional experiences. Neuroimage 124 (2016), 455–463.
94. Nielsen, L., Kaszniak, A.W., Awareness of subtle emotional feelings: a comparison of long-term meditators and nonmeditators. Emotion 6:3 (2006), 392–405.
95. Norman, H., Borrill, J., The relationship between self-harm and alexithymia. Scand. J. Psychol. 56:4 (2015), 405–419, 10.1111/sjop.12217.
96. Nowakowski, M.E., McFarlane, T., Cassin, S., Alexithymia and eating disorders: a critical review of the literature. J. Eat. Disord., 1, 2013, 21.
97. O'Carroll, et al. Beyond the tower of babel: a nomenclature for suicidology. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 26:3 (1996), 237–252.
98. O'Connor, R.C., Platt, S., Gordon, J., Challenges to classifying suicidal ideations, communications, and behaviours. International Handbook of Suicide Prevention: Research, Policy & Practice, 2011, Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 18–21.
99. Orbach, I., The role of the body experience in self-destruction. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 1 (1996), 607–619.
100. Orbach, I., Blomenson, R., Mikulincer, M., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Rogolsky, M., Retzoni, G., Perceiving a problem-solving task as a threat and suicidal behavior in adolescents. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol. 26:9 (2007), 1010–1034.
101. Papezova, H., Yamamotova, A., Uher, R., Elevated pain threshold in eating disorders: physiological and psychological factors. J. Psychiatr. Res. 39:4 (2005), 431–438.
102. Parker, P.D., Prkachin, K.M., Prkachin, G.C., Processing of facial expressions of negative emotion in alexithymia: the influence of temporal constraint. J. Pers. 73:4 (2005), 1087–1107.
103. Paulus, M.P., Stein, M.B., Interoception in anxiety and depression. Brain Struct. Funct., 2010, 214451–214463.
104. Peters, M.D., Godfrey, C.M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., Soares, C.B., Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc 13:3 (2015), 141–146.
105. Phan, K.L., Wager, T., Taylor, S.F., Liberzon, I., Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: a meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI. Neuroimage 16:2 (2002), 331–348.
106. Pisani, A.R., Wyman, P.A., Petrova, M., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Goldston, D.B., Xia, Y.L., Gould, M.S., Emotion regulation difficulties, youth-adult relationships, and suicide attempts among high school students in underserved communities. J. Youth Adolesc. 42:6 (2013), 807–820.
107. Pollatos, O., Herbert, B.M., Berberich, G., Zaudig, M., Krauseneck, T., Tsakiris, M., Atypical self-focus effect on interoceptive accuracy in anorexia nervosa. Front. Hum. Neurosci., 10, 2016, 484.
108. Pollatos, O., Kirsch, W., Schandry, R., Brain structures involved in interoceptive awareness and cardioafferent signal processing: a dipole source localization study. Hum. Brain Mapp. 26:1 (2005), 54–64.
109. Pollatos, O., Kirsch, W., Schandry, R., On the relationship between interoceptive awareness, emotional experience, and brain processes. Cognit. Brain Res. 25:3 (2005), 948–962.
110. Pollatos, O., Kurz, A.L., Albrecht, J., Schreder, T., Kleemann, A.M., Schopf, V., Schandry, R., Reduced perception of bodily signals in anorexia nervosa. Eat. Behav. 9:4 (2008), 381–388.
111. Rogers, M.L., Hagan, C.R., Joiner, T.E., Examination of interoception along the suicidality continuum. J. Clin. Psychol., 2018, 1–13.
112. Ross, S., Heath, N.L., Toste, J.R., Non-suicidal self-injury and eating pathology in high school students. Am. J. Orthopsychiatry 79:1 (2009), 83–92.
113. Ruesch, J., The infantile personality - the core problem of psychosomatic medicine. Psychosom. Med. 10:3 (1948), 134–144.
114. Sakuraba, S., Kubo, M., Komoda, T., Yamana, J., Suicidal ideation and alexithymia in patients with alcoholism: a pilot study. Substance Use Misuse 40:6 (2005), 823–830.
115. Santarnecchi, E., D'Arista, S., Egiziano, E., Gardi, C., Petrosino, R., Vatti, G., Rossi, A., Interaction between neuroanatomical and psychological changes after mindfulness-based training. (vol 9, e108359, 2014) Plos One, 10(6), 2015.
116. Sayar, K., Acar, B., Ak, I., Alexithymia and suicidal behavior. Isr. J. Psychiatry Relat. Sci. 40:3 (2003), 165–173.
117. Seth, A.K., Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends Cogn. Sci., 2013, 17565–17573.
118. Shah, P., Catmur, C., Bird, G., Emotional decision-making in autism spectrum disorder: the roles of interoception and alexithymia. Mol. Autism, 7, 2016.
119. Shneidman, E.S., The suicidal mind. Rev. Suicidol. 1997 (1997), 22–41.
120. Sifneos, P.E., The prevalence of 'alexithymic' characteristics in psychosomatic patients. Psychother. Psychosom. 22:2 (1973), 255–262.
121. Silverman, M.M., Berman, A.L., Sanddal, N.D., et al. Rebuilding the tower of babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 1: background, rationale, and methodology. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 37 (2007), 248–263.
122. Silverman, M.M., Berman, A.L., Sanddal, N.D, et al. Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: a revised nomenclature for the study of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Part 2: suicide-related ideations, communications, and behaviors. Suicide Life Threat. Behav. 37 (2007), 264–277.
123. Smith, G.R., Alexithymia in medical patients referred to a consultation liaison service. Am. J. Psychiatry 140:1 (1983), 99–101.
124. Swannell, S., Martin, G., Page, A., Hasking, P., Hazell, P., Taylor, A., Protani, M., Child maltreatment, subsequent non-suicidal self-injury and the mediating roles of dissociation, alexithymia and self-blame. Child Abuse Neglect 36:7–8 (2012), 572–584.
125. Swart, M., Kortekaas, R., Aleman, A., Dealing with feelings: characterization of trait alexithymia on emotion regulation strategies and cognitive-emotional processing. PLoS One, 4(6), 2009.
126. Taiminen, T.J., Saarijarvi, S., Helenius, H., Keskinen, A., Korpilahti, T., Alexithymia in suicide attempters. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 93:3 (1996), 195–198.
127. Taylor, G., Bagby, R.M., Parker, J.D.A., Disorders of Affect Regulation: Alexithymia in Medical and Psychiatric Illness. 1997.
128. Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M., Ryan, D.P., Parker, J.D.A., Doody, K.F., Keefe, P., Criterion validity of the Toronto alexithymia scale. Psychosom. Med. 50:5 (1988), 500–509.
129. Terasawa, Y., Moriguchi, Y., Tochizawa, S., Umeda, S., Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others. (vol 28, pg 1435, 2014) Cognit. Emot., 28(8), 2014, I.
130. Thorberg, F.A., Young, R.M., Sullivan, K.A., Lyvers, M., Alexithymia and alcohol use disorders: a critical review. Addict. Behav. 34:3 (2009), 237–245.
131. Tylka, T.L., Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of intuitive eating. J. Counsel. Psychol. 53:2 (2006), 226–240.
132. Wald, J., Taylor, S., Responses to interoceptive exposure in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a preliminary analysis of induced anxiety reactions and trauma memories and their relationship to anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptom severity. Cogn. Behav. Ther. 37 (2008), 90–100.
133. Wiens, S., Mezzacappa, E.S., Katkin, E.S., Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions. Cognit. Emot. 14:3 (2000), 417–427.
134. Wood, R.L.L., Williams, C., Lewis, R., Role of alexithymia in suicide ideation after traumatic brain injury. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 16:6 (2010), 1108–1114.
135. Wyman, P.A., Gaudieri, P.A., Schmeelk-Cone, K., Cross, W., Brown, C.H., Sworts, L., Nathan, J., Emotional triggers and psychopathology associated with suicidal ideation in urban children with elevated aggressive-disruptive behavior. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 37:7 (2009), 917–928.
136. Zaki, J., Davis, J.I., Ochsner, K.N., Overlapping activity in anterior insula during interoception and emotional experience. Neuroimage 62:1 (2012), 493–499.