Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta-analysis

World Psychiatry

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 196-209

  Davies, Cathy ^a   Cipriani, Andrea ^b   Ioannidis, John P A ^c,d   Radua, Joaquim ^a,e,f   Stahl, Daniel ^a   Provenzani, Umberto ^a,g   McGuire, Philip ^a,h   Fusar Poli, Paolo ^a,g,h,i  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^f KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^g UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA   (Italy)

^h King s College London   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

antipsychotics; cognitive behavioural therapy; family therapy; guidelines; integrated psychological interventions; needs based interventions; network meta analysis; omega 3; prevention; Psychosis; risk

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; DEXTRO SERINE; OLANZAPINE; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

ARTICLE; COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY; FAMILY THERAPY; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HUMAN NEEDS; META ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PSYCHOSIS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

EID: 85047789915     PISSN: 17238617     EISSN: 20515545     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20526     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. Fusar-Poli P. The clinical high-risk state for psychosis (CHR-P), Version II. Schizophr Bull 2017;43:44-7.
2. Fusar-Poli P, Borgwardt S, Bechdolf A et al. The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:107-20.
3. Falkenberg I, Valmaggia L, Byrnes M et al. Why are help-seeking subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis help-seeking? Psychiatry Res 2015;228:808-15.
4. Webb JR, Addington J, Perkins DO et al. Specificity of incident diagnostic outcomes in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2015;41:1066-75.
5. Fusar-Poli P, Rutigliano G, Stahl D et al. Long-term validity of the At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for predicting psychotic and non-psychotic mental disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2017;42:49-54.
6. Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Borgwardt S et al. Heterogeneity of psychosis risk within individuals at clinical high risk. JAMA Psychiatry 2016;73:113-20.
7. Millan MJ, Andrieux A, Bartzokis G et al. Altering the course of schizophrenia: progress and perspectives. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016;15:485-515.
8. Fusar-Poli P, McGorry P, Kane JM. Improving outcomes of first episode psychosis. World Psychiatry 2017;16:251-65.
9. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: prevention and management. Guideline CG178. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2014.
10. Schmidt SJ, Schultze-Lutter F, Schimmelmann BG et al. EPA guidance on the early intervention in clinical high risk states of psychoses. Eur Psychiatry 2015;30:388-404.
11. Taylor M, Perera U. NICE CG178 psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: treatment and management - an evidence-based guideline? Br J Psychiatry 2015;206:357-9.
12. Preti A, Cella M. Randomized-controlled trials in people at ultra high risk of psychosis: a review of treatment effectiveness. Schizophr Res 2010;123:30-6.
13. Deas G, Kelly C, Hadjinicolaou AV et al. An update on: meta-analysis of medical and non-medical treatments of the prodromal phase of psychotic illness in at risk mental states. Psychiatr Danub 2016;28:31-8.
14. Hutton P, Taylor PJ. Cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2014;44:449-68.
15. Stafford MR, Jackson H, Mayo-Wilson E et al. Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;346:f185.
16. Kelly C, Hadjinicolaou AV, Holt C et al. Meta-analysis of medical and non-medical treatments of the prodromal phase of psychotic illness in at-risk mental states. Psychiatr Danub 2010;22:56-62.
17. Marshall M, Rathbone J. Early intervention for psychosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;6:CD004718.
18. Van Der Gaag M, Smit F, Bechdolf A et al. Preventing a first episode of psychosis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled prevention trials of 12 month and longer-term follow-ups. Schizophr Res 2013;149:56-62.
19. Stafford MR, Jackson H, Mayo-Wilson E et al. Errata: Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;346:f762.
20. Nordentoft M, Thorup A, Petersen L et al. Transition rates from schizotypal disorder to psychotic disorder for first-contact patients included in the OPUS trial. A randomized clinical trial of integrated treatment and standard treatment. Schizophr Res 2006;83:29-40.
21. Kempton MJ, Bonoldi I, Valmaggia L et al. Speed of psychosis progression in people at ultra-high clinical risk. JAMA Psychiatry 2015;72:622-3.
22. Ioannidis JPA. The mass production of redundant, misleading, and conflicted systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Milbank Q 2016;94:485-514.
23. Hartmann JA, McGorry PD, Schmidt SJ et al. Opening the black box of cognitive-behavioural case management in clients with ultra-high risk for psychosis. Psychother Psychosom 2017;86:292-9.
24. Mueser KT, Glynn SM, Meyer-Kalos PS. What are the key ingredients of optimal psychosocial treatment for persons recovering from a first episode of psychosis? World Psychiatry 2017;16:266-7.
25. Cipriani A, Higgins JPT, Geddes JR et al. Conceptual and technical challenges in network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2013;159:130-7.
26. Thorlund K, Mills EJ. Sample size and power considerations in network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2012;1:41.
27. Kanters S, Ford N, Druyts E et al. Use of network meta-analysis in clinical guidelines. Bull World Health Organ 2016;94;782-4.
28. Leucht S, Chaimani A, Cipriani AS et al. Network meta-analyses should be the highest level of evidence in treatment guidelines. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016;266:477-80.
29. Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM et al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med 2015;162:777-84.
30. Addington J, Epstein I, Liu L et al. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2011;125:54-61.
31. McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips LJ et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:921-8.
32. Yung AR, McGorry PD, Francey SM et al. PACE: a specialised service for young people at risk of psychotic disorders. Med J Aust 2007;187:S43-6.
33. Amminger GP, Schäfer MR, Papageorgiou K et al. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010;67:146-54.
34. French P, Morrison A. Early detection and cognitive therapy for people at high risk of developing psychosis. Chichester: Wiley, 2004.
35. Beck AT. Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Madison: International University Press, 1976.
36. Morrison AP, French P, Walford L et al. Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2004;185:291-7.
37. van der Gaag M, Nieman DH, Rietdijk J et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for subjects at ultrahigh risk for developing psychosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Schizophr Bull 2012;38:1180-8.
38. Rietdijk J, Dragt S, Klaassen R et al. A single blind randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy in a help-seeking population with an at risk mental state for psychosis: the Dutch Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-NL) trial. Trials 2010;11:30.
39. Bechdolf A, Wagner M, Ruhrmann S et al. Preventing progression to first-episode psychosis in early initial prodromal states. Br J Psychiatry 2012;200:22-9.
40. Bechdolf A, Puetzfeld V, Guettgemanns J et al. Cognitive behaviour therapy for people at-risk of psychosis. A treatment manual. Bern: Huber, 2010.
41. Miklowitz DJ, O'Brien MP, Schlosser DA et al. Family-focused treatment for adolescents and young adults at high risk for psychosis: results of a randomized trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;53:848-58.
42. Yung AR, Yuen HP, McGorry PD et al. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005;39:964-71.
43. McGlashan T, Walsh B, Woods S. The psychosis-risk syndrome: handbook for diagnosis and follow-up. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
44. Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Rutigliano G et al. Towards a standard psychometric diagnostic interview for subjects at ultra high risk of psychosis: CAARMS versus SIPS. Psychiatry J 2016;2016:7146341.
45. Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987;13:261-76.
46. Overall J, Gorham D. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS): recent developments in ascertainment and scaling. Psychopharmacol Bull 1988;24:97-9.
47. Haefner H, Bechdolf A, Klosterkotter J et al. Early detection and intervention in psychosis. A practise handbook. Stuttgart: Schattauer, 2011.
48. Cipriani A, Zhou X, Del Giovane C et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2016;388:881-90.
49. Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, Bonoldi I et al. Prognosis of brief psychotic episodes: a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2016;73:211-20.
50. Higgins JPT, Green S (eds). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. http://handbook.cochrane.org.
51. Guyot P, Ades A, Ouwens MJ et al. Enhanced secondary analysis of survival data: reconstructing the data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. BMC Med Res Methodol 2012;12:9.
52. Radua J, Grunze H, Amann BL. Meta-analysis of the risk of subsequent mood episodes in bipolar disorder. Psychother Psychosom 2017;86:90-8.
53. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 2018;391:1357-66.
54. Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;373:746-58.
55. Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2014;1:351-9.
56. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928.
57. Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Atkinson LZ et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-generation and second-generation antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression: protocol for a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010919.
58. Chaimani A, Higgins JPT, Mavridis D et al. Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA. PLoS One 2013;8:e76654.
59. Salanti G, Del Giovane C, Chaimani A et al. Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014;9:e99682.
60. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Sultan S et al. GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 2013;66:151-7.
61. Chaimani A, Salanti G. Visualizing assumptions and results in network meta-analysis: the network graphs package. Stata J 2015;15:905-50.
62. Higgins JPT, Jackson D, Barrett JK et al. Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies. Res Synth Methods 2012;3:98-110.
63. White IR. Multivariate random-effects meta-regression: updates to mvmeta. Stata J 2011;11:255-70.
64. Mavridis D, Giannatsi M, Cipriani A et al. A primer on network meta-analysis with emphasis on mental health. Evid Based Ment Health 2015;18:40-6.
65. Salanti G, Ades AE, Ioannidis JPA. Graphical methods and numerical summaries for presenting results from multiple-treatment meta-analysis: an overview and tutorial. J Clin Epidemiol 2011;64:163-71.
66. Mbuagbaw L, Rochwerg B, Jaeschke R et al. Approaches to interpreting and choosing the best treatments in network meta-analyses. Syst Rev 2017;6:79.
67. Chaimani A, Salanti G, Leucht S et al. Common pitfalls and mistakes in the set-up, analysis and interpretation of results in network meta-analysis: what clinicians should look for in a published article. Evid Based Ment Health 2017;20:88-94.
68. Wilson RP, Patel R, Bhattacharyya S. Do fewer males present to clinical high-risk services for psychosis relative to first-episode services? Early Interv Psychiatry 2016;11:429-35.
69. Schultze-Lutter F, Hubl D, Schimmelmann BG et al. Age effect on prevalence of ultra-high risk for psychosis symptoms: replication in a clinical sample of an early detection of psychosis service. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017;26:1401-5.
70. Fusar-Poli P, Frascarelli M, Valmaggia L et al. Antidepressant, antipsychotic and psychological interventions in subjects at high clinical risk for psychosis: OASIS 6-year naturalistic study. Psychol Med 2015;45:1327-39.
71. Fusar-Poli P, Papanastasiou E, Stahl D et al. Treatments of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of 168 randomized placebo-controlled trials. Schizophr Bull 2015;41:892-9.
72. Bechdolf A, Müller H, Stützer H et al. PREVENT: a randomized controlled trial for the prevention of first-episode psychosis comparing cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), clinical management, and aripiprazole combined and clinical management and placebo combined. Schizophr Bull 2017;43(Suppl.1):S56-7.
73. Cadenhead K, Addington J, Cannon T et al. Omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo in a clinical high-risk sample from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) consortium. Schizophr Bull 2017;43(Suppl.1):S16.
74. Kantrowitz JT, Woods SW, Petkova E et al. D-serine for the treatment of negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk of schizophrenia: a pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group mechanistic proof-of-concept trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2015;2:403-12.
75. McGlashan TH, Zipursky RB, Perkins D et al. Randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus placebo in patients prodromally symptomatic for psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:790-9.
76. McGorry PD, Nelson B, Markulev C et al. Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in young people at ultrahigh risk for psychotic disorders. The NEURAPRO randomized controlled trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74:19-27.
77. Morrison AP, French P, Stewart SL et al. Early detection and intervention evaluation for people at risk of psychosis: multisite randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012;344:e2233.
78. Stain HJ, Bucci S, Baker AL et al. A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy versus non-directive reflective listening for young people at ultra high risk of developing psychosis: the detection and evaluation of psychological therapy (DEPTh) trial. Schizophr Res 2016;176:212-9.
79. Woods S, Saksa J, Compton M et al. Effects of ziprasidone versus placebo in patients at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2017;43(Suppl.1):S58.
80. Woods SW. Ziprasidone in the psychosis prodrome (ZIP). ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00635700.
81. Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Nelson B et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions for young people at ultra high risk for psychosis: 6-month analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:430-40.
82. McGorry PD, Nelson B, Phillips LJ et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions for young people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: twelve-month outcome. J Clin Psychiatry 2013;74:349-56.
83. Bechdolf A, Phillips LJ, Francey SM et al. Recent approaches to psychological interventions for people at risk of psychosis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006;256:159-73.
84. Flach C, French P, Dunn G et al. Components of therapy as mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy for people at risk of psychosis: analysis of the EDIE-2 trial. Br J Psychiatry 2015;207:123-9.
85. Leichsenring F, Steinert C. Is cognitive behavioral therapy the gold standard for psychotherapy? The need for plurality in treatment and research JAMA 2017;318:1323-4.
86. Mulder R, Murray G, Rucklidge J. Common versus specific factors in psychotherapy: opening the black box. Lancet Psychiatry 2017;4:953-62.
87. Porter RJ, Boden JM, Miskowiak K et al. Failure to publish negative results: a systematic bias in psychiatric literature. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017;51:212-4.
88. Flint J, Cuijpers P, Horder J et al. Is there an excess of significant findings in published studies of psychotherapy for depression? Psychol Med 2015;45:439-46.
89. Ioannidis JPA. Excess significance bias in the literature on brain volume abnormalities. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:773-80.
90. Carvalho AF, Köhler CA, Fernandes BS et al. Bias in emerging biomarkers for bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2016;46:2287-97.
91. David SP, Ware JJ, Chu IM et al. Potential reporting bias in fMRI studies of the brain. PLoS One 2013;8:e70104.
92. Fusar-Poli P, Radua J, Frascarelli M et al. Evidence of reporting biases in voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2014;35:3052-65.
93. Altman DG, Bland JM. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ 1995;311:485.
94. Ruhrmann S, Bechdolf A, Kühn KU et al. Acute effects of treatment for prodromal symptoms for people putatively in late initial prodromal state of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2007;191:88-96.
95. Fusar-Poli P. Negative psychosis prevention trials. JAMA Psychiatry 2017;74:651.
96. Devoe DJ, Peterson A, Addington J. Negative symptom interventions in youth at risk of psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull (in press).
97. Fusar-Poli P, Van Os J. Lost in transition: setting the psychosis threshold in prodromal research. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;127:248-52.
98. Van Os J, Guloksuz S. A critique of the “ultra-high risk” and “transition” paradigm. World Psychiatry 2017;16:200-6.
99. Yung AR. Treatment of people at ultra-high risk for psychosis. World Psychiatry 2017;16:207-8.
100. Trinquart L, Attiche N, Bafeta A et al. Uncertainty in treatment rankings: reanalysis of network meta-analyses of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2016;164:666-73.
101. Kapur S, Phillips AG, Insel TR. Why has it taken so long for biological psychiatry to develop clinical tests and what to do about it? Mol Psychiatry 2012;17:1174-9.
102. PRONIA. Personalised prognostic tools for early psychosis management. www.pronia.eu.
103. NAPLS. The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. https://campuspress.yale.edu/napls/.
104. PSYSCAN. Translating neuroimaging findings from research into clinical practice. http://intranet.psyscan.eu/.
105. Fusar-Poli P, Cappucciati M, De Micheli A et al. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) in individuals at ultra high risk. Schizophr Bull 2017;43:48-56.
106. Fusar-Poli P, Tantardini M, De Simone S et al. Deconstructing vulnerability for psychosis: meta-analysis of environmental risk factors for psychosis in subjects at ultra high-risk. Eur Psychiatry 2017;40:65-75.
107. Fusar-Poli P, Schultze-Lutter F, Cappucciati M et al. The dark side of the moon: meta-analytical impact of recruitment strategies on risk enrichment in the clinical high risk state for psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016;42:732-43.
108. Fusar-Poli P, Rutigliano G, Stahl D et al. Deconstructing pretest risk enrichment to optimize prediction of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk. JAMA Psychiatry 2016;73:1260-7.
109. Fusar-Poli P. Why ultra high risk criteria for psychosis prediction do not work well outside clinical samples and what to do about it. World Psychiatry 2017;16:212-3.
110. Roccarina D, Majumdar A, Thorburn D et al. Management of people with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: an attempted network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;3:CD011649.
111. Buzzetti E, Kalafateli M, Thorburn D et al. Interventions for hereditary haemochromatosis: an attempted network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;3:CD011647.
112. Mantzoukis K, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Buzzetti E et al. Pharmacological interventions for acute hepatitis B infection: an attempted network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;3:CD011645.
113. Desborough M, Hadjinicolaou AV, Chaimani A et al. Alternative agents to prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with thrombocytopenia due to chronic bone marrow failure: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;10:CD012055.