Social and Cognitive Influences in Group Brainstorming: Predicting Production Gains and Losses

European Review of Social Psychology

Volumn 12, Issue , 2005, Pages 299-325

  Paulus, Paul B ^a   Dugosh, Karen Leggett ^b   Dzindolet, Mary T ^a   Coskun, Hamit ^c   Putman, Vicky L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON   (United States)

^b CAMERON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ABANT IZZET BAYSAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Evaluation apprehension; Group brainstorming; Production blocking

Indexed keywords

EID: 85045794432     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/0470013478.ch10     Document Type: Chapter

References (98)

1. Bandura, A. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Erlbaum.
2. Bennis, W., & Biederman, P. W. (1997). Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
3. Blanton, H., Buunk, B. P., Gibbons, F. X., & Kuyper, H. (1999). When better-than-others compare upward: choice of comparison and comparative evaluation as independent predictors of academic performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 420-30.
4. Brown, V., & Paulus, P. (1996). A simple dynamic model of social factors in group brainstorming. Small Group Research, 21, 91-114.
5. Brown, V., Tumeo, M., Larey, T. S., & Paulus, P. B. (1998). Modeling cognitive interactions during group brainstorming. Small Group Research, 29, 495-526.
6. Bouchard, T. J., & Hare, M. (1970). Size, performance, and potential in brainstorming groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 51-5.
7. Camacho, L. M. (1991). Understanding productivity loss in brainstorming groups: A new approach (unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Arlington.
8. Camacho, L. M., & Paulus, P. B. (1995). The role of social anxiousness in group brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 1071-80.
9. Clawson, V. K., Bostrom, R. P. & Anson, R. (1993). The role of the facilitator in computer-supported meetings. Small Group Research, 24, 547-65.
10. Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23, 239-90.
11. Collins, A. M. & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-28.
12. Connolly, T., Routhieaux, R. L., & Schneider, S. K. (1993). On the effectiveness of group brainstorming: Test of one underlying cognitive mechanism. Small Group Research, 24, 490-503.
13. Cooper, W. H., Gallupe, R. B., Pollard, S., & Cadsby, J. (1998). Some liberating effects of anonymous electronic brainstorming. Small Group Research, 29, 147-78.
14. Coskun, H. (2000). The effects of outgroup comparison, social context, intrinsic motivation, and collective identity in brainstorming groups (unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Arlington.
15. Coskun, H., Paulus, P. B., Brown, V., & Sherwood, J. J. (2000). Cognitive stimulation and problem presentation in idea generation groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 307-29.
16. Cottrell, N. B. (1972). Social facilitation: In C. G. McClintock (Ed.), Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Holt.
17. Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Sawyer, K. (1995). Creative insight: The social dimension of a solitary moment. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds), The Nature of Insight (pp. 329-63). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
18. Dennis, A. R., & Valacich, J. S. (1993) Computer brainstorms: More heads are better than one. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 531-7.
19. Diehl, M. (1992). Production losses in brainstorming groups: The effects of group composition on fluency and flexibility of ideas. Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology and the Society for Experimental Social Psychology, Leuven/Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
20. Diehl, M., & Stroebe, W. (1987). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 497-509.
21. Diehl, M., & Stroebe, W. (1991). Productivity loss in idea-generating groups: Tracking down the blocking effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 392-403.
22. Dugosh, K. L., Paulus, P. B., Roland, E. J., & Yang, H.-C. (2000). Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 722-35.
23. Dunbar, K. (1995). How scientists really reason: Scientific reasoning in real-world laboratories. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds), The Nature of Insight (pp. 365-95). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Dunbar, K. (1997). How scientists think: On-line creativity and conceptual change in science. In T. B. Ward, S. M. Smith & J. Vaid (Eds), Creative Thought: An Investigation of Conceptual Structures and Processes, (pp. 461-93) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
25. Dzindolet, M. T. (1992). An assessment of blocking and social influence processes in brainstorming (unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Arlington.
26. Festinger, L. (1950). Informal social communication. Psychological Review, 57, 271-82.
27. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-0.
28. Ford, C. M. (1999). Thinking big about small groups in the real world: Comment on Craig & Kelly (1999). Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 3, 257-62.
29. Gallupe, R. B., Bastianutti, L. M., & Cooper, W. H. (1991). Unblocking brainstorms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 137-42.
30. Gallupe, R. B., Cooper, W. H., Grise, M. L., & Bastianutti, L. M. (1994). Blocking electronic brainstorms. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 77-86.
31. Gibbons, F. X., Blanton, H., Gerrard, M., Buunk, B., & Eggleston, T. (2000). Does social comparison make a difference? Optimism as a moderator of the relation between comparison level and academic performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 637-18.
32. Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1991). Downward comparison and coping. In J. M. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds), Social Comparison: Theory and Practice (pp. 317-45). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
33. Goethals, G. R., & Darley, J. M. (1987). Social comparison theory: Self-evaluation and group life. In B. Mullen & G. R. Goethals (Eds), Theories of Group Behavior (pp. 22-47). New York: Springer-Verlag.
34. Greene, R. J. (1987). Brainwriting-An effective way to create more ideas. The Quality Circles Journal, 10, 33-6.
35. Harkins, S. G. (1987). Social loafing and social facilitation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 1-18.
36. Janis, I. (1982). Groupthink (2nd Edn). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
37. Jessup, L. M., & Valacich, J. S. (1993) (Eds), Group Support Systems. New York: Macmillan.
38. Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1993). Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 681-706.
39. Kayser, T. A. (1995). Mining Group Gold: How to Cash in on the Collaborative Brain Power of a Group. Chicago, IL: Irwin.
40. Kerr, N. L. (1983). Motivation losses in small groups: A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 819-28.
41. Kramer, M., Kuo, C. L., & Dailey, J. C. (1997). The impact of brainstorming techniques on subsequent group processes: Beyond generating ideas. Small Group Research, 28, 218-42.
42. Lamm, H., & Trommsdorff, G. (1973). Group versus individual performance on tasks requiring ideational proficiency (brainstorming). European Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 361-87.
43. Larey, T. S., & Paulus, P. B. (1999). Group preference and convergent tendencies in small groups: A content analysis of group brainstorming performance. Creativity Research Journal, 12, 175-84.
44. Larey, T. S., & Paulus, P. B. (1995). Social comparison and goal setting in brainstorming groups. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1579-96.
45. Latane, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979). Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 822-32.
46. Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. (1993). The interaction anxiousness scale: Construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 136-46.
47. Macy, B. A., & Izumi, H. (1993). Organizational change, design, and work innovation: A meta-analysis of 131 North American field studies, 1961-1991. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 7, 235-313.
48. Madsen, D. B., & Finger, J. R. (1978). Comparison of a written feedback procedure, group brainstorming, and individual brainstorming. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 120-23.
49. Martens, R., & Landers, D. M. (1972). Evaluation potential as a determinant of co-action effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 347-59.
50. Miller, N. E., & Dollard, J. (1941). Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
51. Mullen, B., Johnson, C, & Salas, E. (1991). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: A meta-analytic integration. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 12, 3-23.
52. Mulvey, P. W., & Ribbens, B. A. (1999). The effects of intergroup competition and assigned group goals on group efficacy and effectiveness. Small Group Research, 30, 651-77.
53. Nunamaker, J. F. Jr, Briggs, R. O., & Mittleman, D. D. (1995). Electronic meeting systems: Ten years of lessons learned. In D. Coleman & R. Khanna (Eds) Groupware: Technology and Applications (pp. 149-93). Saddle RiveT, NJ: Prentice Hall.
54. Offner, A. K., Kramer, T. J., & Winter, J. P. (1996). The effects of facilitation, recording, and pauses on group brainstorming. Small Group Research, 27, 283-98.
55. Osborn, A. F. (1957). Applied Imagination (1st Edn). New York: Scribner.
56. Osborn, A. F. (1963). Applied Imagination (2nd Edn). New York: Scribner.
57. Oxley, N. L., Dzindolet, M. T., & Paulus, P. B. (1996). The effects of facilitators on the performance of brainstorming groups. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 11, 633-46.
58. Parnes, S. J. (1992). Sourcebook for Creative Problem-solving. Buffalo, NY: Creative Education Foundation Press.
59. Parnes, S. J., & Meadow, A. (1959). Effect of "brainstorming" instructions on creative problem-solving by trained and untrained subjects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 50, 171-6.
60. Paulus, P. B. (1983). Group influence on individual task performance. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Basic Group Processes (pp. 97-120). New York: Springer-Verlag.
61. Paulus, P. B. (2001). Group processes in therapeutic support groups. In A. Baum & B. Andersen (Eds), Psychosocial interventions and cancer, (pp. 131-41). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
62. Paulus, P. B. (2000). Groups, teams and creativity: The creative potential of idea generating groups. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 49, 237-62.
63. Paulus, P. B., & Dzindolet, M. T. (1993). Social influence processes in group brainstorming. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 575-86.
64. Paulus, P. B., Dzindolet, M. T., Poletes, G., & Camacho, L. M. (1993). Perception of performance in group brainstorming: The illusion of group productivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 78-89.
65. Paulus, P. B., Larey, T. S., & Dzindolet, M. T. (2000). Creativity in groups and teams. In M. Turner (Ed.), Groups at Work: Advances in Theory and Research, pp. 319-38. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
66. Paulus, P. B., Larey, T. S., & Ortega, A. H. (1995). Performance and perceptions of brainstormers in an organizational setting. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 249-65.
67. Paulus, P. B., Larey, T. S., Putman, V. L., Leggett, K. L., & Roland, E. J. (1996). Social influence process in computer brainstorming. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, 3-14.
68. Paulus, P. B., & Murdoch, P. (1971). Anticipated evaluation and audience presence in the enhancement of dominant responses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 280-91.
69. Paulus, P. B., & Paulus, L. E. (1997). Implications of research on group brainstorming for gifted education. Roeper Review, 19, 225-9.
70. Paulus, P. B., & Yang, H. C. (2000). Idea generation in groups: A basis for creativity in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 76-87.
71. Pinsonneault, A., Barki, H., Gallupe, R. B., & Hoppen, N. (1999). Electronic brainstorming: The illusion of productivity. Information Systems Research, 10, 110-33.
72. Price, K. H. (1993). Working hard to get people to loaf. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 14, 329-44.
73. Roethlisberger, F., & Dickson, W. (1939). Management and the Worker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
74. Roland, E. (1994). The impact of co-worker performance on brainstorming (unpublished honors thesis). University of Texas at Arlington.
75. Rommetveit, R. (1955). Social Norms and Roles: Explorations in the Psychology of Enduring Social Pressures. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
76. Roy, M. C, Gauvin, S., & Limayem, M. (1996). Electronic group brainstorming: The role of feedback on productivity. Small Group Research, 27, 215-47.
77. Sanna, L. J. (1992). Self-efficacy theory: Implications for social facilitation and social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 774-86.
78. Seta, J. J. (1982). The impact of comparison processes on co-actors' task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 281-91.
79. Shepherd, M. M., Briggs, R. O., Reinig, B. A, Yen, J., & Nunamaker, J. F. Jr (1995-19%) Invoking social comparison to improve electronic brainstorming: Beyond anonymity. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12, 155-70.
80. Shepperd, J. A. (1993). Productivity loss in performance groups: A motivation analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 67-81.
81. Simonton, D. K. (1999). The Origins of Genius: Darwinian Perspectives on Creativity. New York: Oxford University Press.
82. Stroebe, W., & Diehl, M. (1994). Why groups are less effective than their members: On productivity losses in idea-generating groups. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds), European Review of Social Psychology (vol. 5, pp. 271-303). Chichester: Wiley.
83. Stroebe, W., Diehl, M., & Abakoumkin, G. (1992). The illusion of group effectivity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 643-50.
84. Suls, J. M., & Miller, R. L. (Eds) (1977). Social Comparison Processes: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
85. Sutton, R. I., & Hargadon, A. (1996). Brainstorming groups in context. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 685-718.
86. Taylor, D. W., Berry, P. C, & Block, C. H. (1958). Does group participation when using brainstorming facilitate or inhibit creative thinking? Adminbtrative Science Quarterly, 3, 23-47.
87. Thompson, L. (2000). Making the Team: A Guide for Managers. Upper Saddle River, NJ; Prentice Hall.
88. Torrance, E. P. (1972). Group dynamics and creative functioning. In C. W. Taylor (Ed.), Climate for Creativity (pp. 75-96). New York: Pergamon.
89. Treffinger, D. J., Isaksen, S. G., & Dorval, K. B. (1994). Creative problem solving: An overview. In M. A. Runco et al. (Ed.), Problem Finding, Problem Solving and Creativity (pp. 223-36). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
90. Valacich, J. S., Dennis, A. R., & Connolly, T. (1994). Idea generation in computer-based groups: A new ending to an old story. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 57, 448-67.
91. Valacich, J. S., Wheeler, B. C, Mennecke, B. E, & Wachter, R. (1995). The effects of numerical and logical group size on computer-mediated idea generation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62, 318-95.
92. Van de Ven, A., & Delbecq, A. L. (1974). The effectiveness of nominal, delphi, and interacting group decision making processes. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 605-21.
93. Van Gundy, A. B. (1981). Techniques of Structured Problem Solving. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
94. Wankel, L. M. (1972). Competition in motor performance: An experimental analysis of motivational components. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 427-37.
95. West, M. A. (1997). Developing Creativity in Organizations. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
96. Wills, T. A., (1991). Similar and self-esteem in downward comparison. In J. Suls & T. A. Wills (Eds), Social Comparison: Contemporary Theory and Research (pp. 51-78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
97. Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231-48.
98. Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Compresence. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Psychology of Group Influence (pp. 35-60). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.