Activation of Br2 and BrCl via uptake of HOBr onto aqueous salt solutions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D19, 1999, Pages 23719-23727

  Fickert, Stefan ^a   Adams, Jonathan W ^a   Crowley, John N ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BOUNDARY LAYER; BROMINE; MARINE ATMOSPHERE;

EID: 85045784626     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900359     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abbatt, J.P.D., Heterogeneous reaction of HOBr with HBr and HCl on ice surfaces at 228 K, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 665-668, 1994.
2. 2 with deliquescent NaCl aerosols at room temperature, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 3719-3725, 1998.
3. Anlauf, K.G., R.E. Mickle, and N.B.A. Trivett, Measurement of ozone during polar sunrise experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 24345-24353, 1994.
4. Ayers, G.P., R.W. Gillett, J.M. Cainey, and A.L. Dick, Chloride and bromide loss from sea-salt particles in Southern Ocean air, J. Atmos. Chem., 33, 299-319, 1999.
5. Barrie, L., and U. Platt, Arctic tropospheric chemistry: An overview, Tellus, 49B, 450-454, 1997.
6. Barrie, L.A., J.W. Bottenheim, R.C. Schnell, P.J. Crutzen, and R.A. Rasmussen, Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138-141, 1988.
7. Barrie, L.A., J.W. Bottenheim, and W.R. Hart, Polar sunrise experiment 1992 (PSE 1992): Preface, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25313-25314, 1994.
8. Chapin, R.M., The effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the decomposition of hypohalides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 46, 2211-2215, 1934.
9. Danilin, M.Y., N.-D. Sze, M.K.W. Ko, J.M. Rodriguez, and M.J. Prather, Bromine-chlorine coupling in the Antarctic ozone hole, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 153-156, 1996.
10. Davidovits, P., J.H. Hu, D.R. Worsnop, M.S. Zahniser, and C.E. Kolb, Entry of gas molecules into liquids, Faraday Disc., 100, 65-81, 1995.
11. Eigen, M., and K. Kustin, The kinetics of halogen hydrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 84, 1355-1361, 1962.
12. Fan, S.-M., and D.J. Jacob, Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, 359, 522-524, 1992.
13. Feldmann, C., Darstellung von Hypobromiger Säure für absorptions-spektrometrische Untersuchungen im sichtbaren und nahen UV, Diploma thesis, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 1995.
14. 2 on aqueous bromide solutions, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 10689-10696, 1998.
15. Hanson, D.R., and A.R. Ravishankara, Heterogeneous chemistry of bromine species in sulfuric acid under stratospheric conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 385-388, 1995.
16. 2 radical uptake coefficients on water and sulfuric acid surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 4979-4985, 1992.
17. Hausmann, M., and U. Platt, Spectroscopic measurements of bromine oxide and ozone in the high Arctic during polar sunrise experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25399-25414, 1994.
18. Hill, J.O., I.G. Worsley, and L.G. Hepler, Calorimetric determination of the distribution of coefficients and thermodynamic properties of bromine in water and carbon tetrachloride, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 3695-3697, 1968.
19. Howard, C.J., Kinetic measurements using flow tubes, J. Phys. Chem., 83, 3-9, 1979.
20. Impey, G.A., P.B. Shepson, D.R. Hastie, L.A. Barrie, and K.G. Anlauf, Measurement of photolyzable chlorine and bromine during the polar sunrise experiment 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16005-16010, 1997.
21. Ingham, T., D. Bauer, J. Landgraf, and J.N. Crowley, Ultraviolet-visible absorption cross sections of gaseous HOBr, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 3293-3298, 1998.
22. Jobson, B.T., H. Niki, Y. Yokouchi, Y. Bottenheim, F. Hopper, and R. Leaitch, Measurements of C2-C6 hydrocarbons during polar sunrise experiment 1992, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25355-25368, 1994.
23. Keene, W.C., and D.L. Savoie, The pH of deliquesced sea-salt aerosol in polluted marine air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2181-2184, 1998.
24. Keene, W.C., R. Sander, A.A.P. Pszenny, R. Vogt, P.J. Crutzen, and J.N. Galloway, Aerosol pH in the marine boundary layer, J. Aerosol. Sci., 29, 339-356, 1998.
25. Kirchner, U., T. Benter, and R.N. Schindler, Experimental verification of gas phase bromine enrichment in reactions of HOBr with sea salt doped ice surfaces, Ber. Bunsen Ges. Phys. Chem., 101, 975-977, 1997.
26. Kreher, K., P.V. Johnson, S.W. Wood, B. Nardi, and U. Platt, Ground-based measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric BrO at Arrival Heights, Antarctica, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 3021-3024, 1997.
27. LeBras, G., and U. Platt, A possible mechanism for combined chlorine and bromine catalyzed destruction of tropospheric ozone in the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 599-602, 1995.
28. Lehrer, E., D. Wagenbach, and U. Platt, Aerosol chemical composition during tropospheric ozone depletion at Ny Àlesund/Svalbard, Tellus, 49B, 486-495, 1997.
29. Lide, D.R., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997.
30. Maric, D., J.P. Burrows, R. Meller, and G.K. Moortgat, A study of the UV-visible absorption spectra of molecular chlorine, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 70, 205-214, 1993.
31. 2 and BrCl, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 83, 179-192, 1994.
32. McConnell, J.C., G.S. Henderson, L. Barrie, J. Bottenheim, H. Niki, C.H. Langford, and E.M.J. Tempelton, Photochemical bromine production in Arctic boundary-layer ozone depletion, Nature, 355, 150-152, 1992.
33. McElroy, M.B., R.J. Salawich, S.C. Wofsy, and J.A. Logan, Reduction of Antarctic ozone due to synergistic interactions of chlorine and bromine, Nature, 321, 759-762, 1986.
34. Miller, H.L., A. Weaver, R.W. Sanders, and K. Arpag, Measurements of arctic sunrise surface ozone depletion events at Kangerlussuaq, Greenland (67°N, 51°W), Tellus, 49B, 496-509, 1997.
35. Mochida, M., H. Akimoto, H. van den Bergh, and M.J. Rossi, The heterogeneous kinetics of the uptake of HOBr on solid alkali halides at ambient temperatures, J. Phys. Chem., 102, 4819-4828, 1998.
36. Mozurkewich, M., Mechanisms for the release of halogens from sea-salt particles by free radical reactions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14199-14207, 1995.
37. Murphy, D.M., and D.W. Fahey, Mathematical treatment of the wall loss of a trace species in denuder and catalytic converter tubes, Anal. Chem., 59, 2753-2759, 1987.
38. Oltmans, S.J., R.C. Schnell, P.J. Sheridan, R.E. Peterson, S.-M. Li, J.W. Winchester, P.P. Tans, W.T. Sturges, and J.D. Kahl, Seasonal surface ozone and filterable bromine relationship in the high Arctic, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2431-2441, 1989.
39. Pszenny, A.A.P., W.C. Keene, D.J. Jacob, S. Fan, J.R. Maben, M.P. Zetwo, M. Springer-Young, and J.N. Galloway, Evidence of inorganic chlorine gases other than hydrogen chloride in marine surface air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 699-702, 1993.
40. Ramacher, B., J. Rudolph, and R. Koppmann, Hydrocarbon measurements in the spring arctic troposphere during the ARCTOC 95 campaign, Tellus, 49B, 466-485, 1997.
41. Rudich, Y., R.K. Talukdar, A.R. Ravishankara, and R.W. Fox, Reactive uptake OfNO3 on pure water and ionic solutions, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21023-21031, 1996.
42. Sander, R., and P.J. Crutzen, Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9121-9138, 1996.
43. Shilov, E.A., On the calculation of the dissociation constants of hypohalogeneous acids from kinetic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, 490-492, 1938.
44. Singh, H.N., et al., Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical pacific ocean: photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrapment, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1907-1917, 1996.
45. Solberg, S., N. Schmidbauer, A. Semb, and F. Stordal, Boundary-layer ozone depletion as seen in the Norwegian Arctic in spring, J. Atmos. Chem., 23, 301-332, 1996.
46. Tuckermann, M., R. Ackermann, C. Gölz, H. Lorenzen-Schmidt, T. Senne, J. Stutz, B. Trost, W. Unold, and U. Platt, DOAS observations of halogen radical-catalyzed arctic boundary layer ozone destruction during the ARCTOC-campaigns 1995 and 1996 in Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, Tellus, 49B, 533-555, 1997.
47. Vogt, R., P.J. Crutzen, and R. Sander, A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer, Nature, 383, 327-330, 1996.
48. Wang, T.X., and D.W. Margerum, Kinetics of reversible chlorine hydrolysis: Temperature dependence and general-acid/base-assisted mechanisms, Inorg. Chem., 33, 1050-1055, 1994.
49. Wang, T.X., M.D. Kelley, J.N. Cooper, C. Beckwith, and D.W. Margerum, Equilibrium, kinetic and UV-spectral characteristics of aqueous bromine chloride, bromine and chlorine species, Inorg. Chem., 33, 5872-5878, 1994.
50. Wessel, S., S. Aoki, P. Winkler, R. Weller, A. Herber, H. Gernandt, and O. Schrems, Tropospheric ozone depletion in polar regions. A comparison of obserevations in the Arctic and Antarctic, Tellus, 50B, 34-50, 1998.
51. Wingetener, O.W., M.K. Kubo, N.J. Blake, T.W. Smith Jr., D.R. Blake, and F.S. Rowland, Hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements as photochemical and dynamical indicators of atmospheric hydroxyl, atomic chlorine, and vertical mixing obtained during Lagrangian flights, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4331-4340, 1996.
52. World Meteorological Organisation/United Nations Environment Programme, Report No. 37, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994, Geneva, 1995.