Global impact of fossil fuel combustion on atmospheric NOx

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 104, Issue D19, 1999, Pages 23823-23840

  Horowitz, Larry W ^a,c   Jacob, Daniel J ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; BIOMASS BURNING; FOSSIL FUEL; NITROGEN OXIDES; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 85045784090     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD900205     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Atlas, E.L., and B.A. Ridley, The Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment: Introduction, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,531-14,541, 1996.
2. Bakwin, P.S., D.J. Jacob, S.C. Wofsy, J.W. Munger, B.C. Daube, J.D. Bradshaw, S.T. Sandholm, R.W. Talbot, H.B. Singh, G.L. Gregory, and D.R. Blake, Reactive nitrogen oxides and ozone above a taiga woodland, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1927-1936, 1994.
3. 210Pb, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,573-20,586, 1993.
4. Benkovitz, C.M., M.T. Scholtz, J. Pacyna, L. Tarrasón, J. Dignon, E.C. Voldner, P.A. Spiro, J.A. Logan, and T.E. Graedel, Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29, 239-29, 253, 1996.
5. Brasseur, G.P., D.A. Hauglustaine, and S. Walters, Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,795-14,813, 1996.
6. Chameides, W.L., et al., Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97,6037-6055, 1992.
7. x, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2705-2708, 1994.
8. 2-NO system based on airborne observations from the western and central North Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2053-2072, 1996.
9. y blue ribbon panel, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2049-2052, 1996.
10. 2 in the chemistry of the troposphere and stratosphere, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 7, 443-472, 1979.
11. Crutzen, P.J., and P.H. Zimmermann, The changing photochemistry of the troposphere, Tellus, Ser. AB, 43, 136-151, 1991.
12. x: Errors in the falloff region, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6159-6168, 1997.
13. x in the upper troposphere at northern mid-latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3725-3738, 1992.
14. x over subarctic eastern Canada in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,867-16,877, 1994.
15. Galloway, J.N., Z. Dianwu, V.E. Thomson, and L.H. Chang, Nitrogen mobilization in the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1551-1561, 1996.
16. Guenther, A., et al., A global model of natural volatile organic carbon emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873-8892, 1995.
17. Hansen, J., G. Russell, D. Rind, P. Stone, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, R. Ruedy, and L. Travis, Efficient three-dimensional global models for climate studies: Models I and II, Mon. Weather Rev., 111, 609-662, 1983.
18. Harriss, R.C., et al., The Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A): July-August 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16,383-16,394, 1992.
19. Harriss, R.C., S.C. Wofsy, J.M. Hoell Jr., R.J. Bendura, J.W. Drewry, R.J. McNeal, D. Pierce, V. Rabine, and R.L. Snell, The Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE-3B): July-August 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1635-1643, 1994.
20. Hoell, J.M., Jr., D.L. Albritton, G.L. Gregory, R.J. McNeal, S.M. Beck, R.J. Bendura, and J.W. Drewry, Operational overview of NASA GTE/ CITE-2 airborne instrument intercomparison: Nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, and peroxyacetyl nitrate, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10,047-10,054, 1990.
21. Horowitz, L.W., J. Liang, G.M. Gardner, and D.J. Jacob, Export of reactive nitrogen from North America during summertime: Sensitivity to hydrocarbon chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,451-13,476, 1998.
22. Jacob, D.J., et al., Summertime photochemistry of the troposphere at high northern latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 16,421-16,431, 1992.
23. Jacob, D.J., et al., Simulation of summertime ozone over North America, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,797-14,816, 1993.
24. Jacobson, M.Z., and R.P. Turco, SMVGEAR: A sparse-matrix, vectorized GEAR code for atmospheric transport models, Atmos. Environ., 28, 273-284, 1994.
25. Kanakidou, M., H.B. Sihgh, K.M. Valentin, and P.J. Crutzen, A two-dimensional study of ethane and propane oxidation in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,395-15,413, 1991.
26. y distributions from fossil fuel combustion emissions: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7165-7180, 1993.
27. Lacis, A.A., D.J. Wuebbles, and J.A. Logan, Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9971-9981, 1990.
28. Lamarque, J.-F., G.P. Brasseur, P.G. Hess, and J.F. Müller, Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,955-22,968, 1996. (Correction, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,873, 1997.)
29. Lawrence, M.G., and P.J. Crutzen, The impact of cloud particle gravitational settling on soluble trace gas distributions, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 263-289, 1998.
30. Levy, H., II, and W.J. Moxim, Simulated global distribution and deposition of reactive nitrogen emitted by fossil fuel combustion, Tellus, Ser. B, 41, 256-271, 1989.
31. Levy, H., II, P.S. Kasibhatla, W.J. Moxim, A.A. Klonecki, A.I. Hirsh, S.J. Oltmans, and W.L. Chameides, The global impact of human activity on tropospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 791-794, 1997.
32. Liang, J., L.W. Horowitz, D.J. Jacob, Y. Wang, A.M. Fiore, J.A. Logan, G.M. Gardner, and J.W. Munger, Seasonal budgets of reactive nitrogen species and ozone over the United States, and export fluxes to the global atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,435-13,450, 1998.
33. Liu, S.C., D. Kley, M. McFarland, J.D. Mahlman, and H. Levy II, On the origin of tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7546-7552, 1980.
34. Liu, S.C., M. Trainer, F.C. Fehsenfeld, D.D. Parrish, E.J. Williams, D.W. Fahey, G. Hübler, and P.C. Murphy, Ozone production in the rural troposphere and the implications for regional and global ozone distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4191-4207, 1987.
35. Logan, J.A., An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3-D models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,115-16,149, 1999.
36. Logan, J.A., M.J. Prather, S.C. Wofsy, and M.B. McElroy, Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7210-7254, 1981.
37. Mauzerall, D.L., D.J. Jacob, S.-M. Fan, J.D. Bradshaw, G.L. Gregory, G.W. Sachse, and D.R. Blake, Origin of tropospheric ozone at remote high northern latitudes in summer, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4175-4188, 1996.
38. x, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,621-12,638, 1996.
39. National Research Council, Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C., 1991.
40. Penner, J.E., C.S. Atherton, J. Dignon, S.J. Ghan, J.J. Walton, and S. Hameed, Tropospheric nitrogen: A three-dimensional study of sources, distributions, and deposition, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 959-990, 1991.
41. x for use in regional and global chemical transport models, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,203-31,216, 1998.
42. Prather, M.J., Numerical advection by conservation of second-order moments, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 6671-6681, 1986.
43. Prather, M.J., M.C. McElroy, S. Wofsy, G. Russell, and D. Rind, Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motions, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6579-6613, 1987.
44. Price, C., and D. Rind, A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919-9933, 1992.
45. Prospero, J.M., and D.L. Savoie, Effects of continental sources on nitrate concentrations over the Pacific Ocean, Nature, 339, 687-689, 1989.
46. Sillman, S., J.A. Logan, and S.C. Wofsy, The sensitivity of ozone to nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in regional ozone episodes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1837-1851, 1990.
47. x and PAN, Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, 320-327, 1987.
48. Singh, H.B., et al., Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: Distribution, partitioning, and sources, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1793-1808, 1996.
49. Tabazadeh, A., M.Z. Jacobson, H.B. Singh, O.B. Toon, J.S. Lin, R.B. Chatfield, A.N. Thakur, R.W. Talbot, and J.E. Dibb, Nitric acid scavenging by mineral and biomass burning aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4185-4188, 1998.
50. y in the troposphere over Canada, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1863-1885, 1994.
51. Thompson, A.M., The oxidizing capacity of Earth's atmopshere: Probable past and future changes, Science, 256, 1157-1165, 1992.
52. Wang, Y., and D.J. Jacob, Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,123-31,135, 1998.
53. x-hydrocarbon chemistry, 1, Model formulation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,713-10,725, 1998a.
54. x-hydrocarbon chemistry, 2, Model evaluation and global ozone budget, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,727-10,755, 1998b.
55. Wesely, M.L., Parameterization of surface resistance to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293-1304, 1989.