Nitrogen mobilization in the United States of America and the People's Republic of China

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 30, Issue 10-11, 1996, Pages 1551-1561

  Galloway, James N ^a   Dianwu, Zhao ^b   Thomson, Vivian E ^a   Chang, Lisa H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b RESEARCH CENTER FOR ECO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Agriculture; Ammonia; Biogeochemical cycles; Fertilizer; Fossil fuel combustion; Nitrogen oxides; Nitrous oxide

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; FERTILIZER; NITROGEN; NITROGEN OXIDE;

AGRICULTURE; AIR POLLUTION; CHINA; COMBUSTION; CONFERENCE PAPER; MOBILIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; UNITED STATES;

AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION; FERTILIZER; FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION; NITROGEN OXIDE; NITROUS OXIDE;

CHINA; USA;

ANIMALIA;

AGRICULTURE; AMMONIA; ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION; COMBUSTION; CULTIVATION; FERTILIZERS; FOSSIL FUELS; GAS EMISSIONS; NITROGEN OXIDES;

ATMOSPHERIC EMISSION RATES; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; LEGUME; PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA; UNITED STATES OF AMERICA;

NITROGEN;

EID: 0029669444     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00456-4     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (43)

1. Aber J. D., Nadelhoffer K. J., Steudler P. and Melillo J. M. (1989) Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems. BioScience 39, 378-386.
2. Arndt R. and Carmichael G. R. (1995) Regional impacts of the expanding energy use in Asia. In Proc. 6th Global Change Studies Symp., Dallas, TX, 15-20 January 1995.
3. Ayres R. U., Schlesinger W. H. and Socolow R. H. (1994) Human impacts on the carbon and nitrogen cycles. In Industrial Ecology and Global Change (edited by Socolow R., Andrews C., Berkhout R. and Thomas V.), pp. 121-155. Cambridge University Press, England.
4. Battye R., Battye W., Overcash C. and Fudge S. (1994) Development and selection of ammonia emission factors. EPA Report No. EPA/600/R-94/190, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
5. Bureau of Census (1993) 1987 Census of Agriculture Vol. 1: Geographic Area Series. (CD-ROM) Data User Services Division, United States Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
6. Burns R. C. and Hardy R. W. F. (1975) Nitrogen Fixation in Bacteria and Higher Plants. Springer, New York.
7. Chameides W. L., Kasibhatla P. S., Yienger J. and Levy II H. (1994) Growth of continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, regional ozone pollution and world food production. Science 264, 74-77.
8. Chinese State Planning Commission (Institute of Energy Research and Institute of System Analysis of Economy and Energy) (1993) Environmental Problems in Energy Development Project in China. China Press of Construction Materials, Beijing (in Chinese).
9. Constant K. M. and Sheldrick W. F. (1992) World Nitrogen Survey, World Bank Technical Paper Number 174. Asia Technical Department Series, The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
10. Dentener F. J. and Crutzen P. J. (1994) A three-dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle. J. atmos. Chem. 19, 331-369.
11. EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1994) National air pollutant emission trends, 1900-1993. EPA-454/R-94-027, Technical Support Division, Research Triangle Park, NC.
12. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) (1958, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1979, 1982, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1993) FAO Yearbook: Production, FAO Statistics Series, Statistical Analysis Service, Statistics Division, FAO, Rome.
13. Foell W. K. and Green C. W. (1990) Acid rain in Asia: an economic, energy and emissions overview. In Proc. 2nd Annual Workshop Acid Rain in Asia, 19-22 November, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
14. Galloway J. N. and Likens G. E. (1981) Acid precipitation: The importance of nitric acid. Atmospheric Environment 15, 1081-1085.
15. Galloway J. N., Levy II H. and Kasibhatla P. S. (1994) Year 2020: Consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen. Ambio 23, 120-123.
16. Galloway J. N., Schlesinger W. H., Levy II H., Michaels A. and Schnoor J. L. (1995) Nitrogen fixation: anthropogenic enhancement-environmental response. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9, 235-252.
17. Han C. and Xie Z. (1993a) Macroscopic features of nitrogen transformation and cycling in the agroecosystem in China and its implications to ecological agriculture. Eco-Agriculture Res. 1, 58-68 (in Chinese).
18. Han C. and Xie Z. (1993b) Managing N input and cycling towards agricultural sustainability - a study on general features of N cycle in Chinese agroecosystems. Paper presented at Sustainable Development Symp., Beijing, 10-13 September 1993.
19. Hao J., Xi D., Lu Y., Zhou Z. and He K. (1994) Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks in China, 1990. Subreport No. 1, China: Issues and Options in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control. The World Bank, Industry and Energy Division, China and Mongolia Department, East Asian and Pacific Regional Office, Washington D.C.
20. Heck W. W., Heagle A. S. and Shriner D. S. (1986) Effects on vegetation: Native, Crops, Forest. In Air Pollution (edited by Stern A. S.), Vol. 6., pp. 247-350. Academic Press, New York.
21. IEA (International Energy Agency) (1992) World Energy Statistics and Balances. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
22. x in Asia: Emission inventories. Atmospheric Environment 26A, 2997-3017.
23. Keyser H. H. and Li F. (1992) Potential for increasing biological nitrogen fixation in soybeans. Plant and Soil 141, 119-135.
24. LaRue T. A. and Patterson T. G. (1981) How much nitrogen do legumes fix? Adv. Agronomy 34, 15-38.
25. Matthews E. (1994) Nitrogenous fertilizers: Global distribution of consumption and associated emissions of nitrous oxide and ammonia. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8, 411-439.
26. Nixon S. W. (1995) Coastal marine eutrophication: A definition, social causes, and future concerns. Ophelia 41, 199-219.
27. OTA (Office of Technology Assessment) (1990) Energy Use and the U.S. Economy. U.S. Congress, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
28. x emissions with emphasis on Eastern Europe. Atmospheric Environment 25A, 425-439.
29. 3. Biogeochemistry 15, 191-211.
30. Semb A. and Amble E. (1981) Emission of nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel combustion in Europe. Teknisk Rapport Nr. 13/81 (00578), Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Lillestrom, Norway.
31. Sinton J. E., Levine M. D., Liu F., Davis W. B., Jiang Z., Zhuang X., Jiang K. and Zhou D. (eds.) (1993) China Energy Databook. (1992 Edition, revised June 1993) LBL-32822. Rev.2, UC-350, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
32. Smil V. (1993) China's Environmental Crisis. M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY.
33. Smil V. (1995) Concepts and Methods: Who will feed China? China Quart. 143, 105-117.
34. Thomson V. E. and Galloway J. N. (1994) Sustainable development and nitrogen air pollution in the United States and the People's Republic of China. Paper presented at the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, October.
35. UN (United Nations) (1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979-1980, 1981, 1982, 1983-1984, 1985-1986, 1987, 1988-1989) Statistical Yearbook. United Nations, New York.
36. Urban F. and Trueblood M. (1990) World population by country and region, 1950-2020. Staff Report No. AGES 9024, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
37. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) (1951-1992) Agricultural Statistics. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
38. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) (1995) Long-term agricultural baseline projections, 1995-2005. Staff Report No. WAOB-95-1, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
39. Wang N.-C. (1974) Essentials of Chemical Fertilizer Use in PRC. Fuel and Chemical Industry Publishing Service, Beijing (in Chinese).
40. x emissions. J. geophys. Res. 100, 11,447-11,464.
41. Zhang Y., Wells G. J., Duan W., Zhang H., Zhou Y., Sheng Y., Duan Z., Zhang D. and Bo L. (1994) Greenhouse gas control in the agricultural sector, sub-Report Number 7, In China: Issues and Options in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control, The World Bank, Industry and Energy Division, China and Mongolia Department, East Asian and Pacific Regional Office, Washington, D.C.
42. Zhao D. and Wang A. (1994) Estimation of anthropogenic ammonia emissions in Asia. Atmospheric Environment 28, 689-694.
43. Zhu Z.-L. (1992) Nitrogen balance and cycling in agro-ecosystems of China. In Nitrogen in Soils of China (edited by Zhu Z.-L. and Wen Q. X.). Jiangsu Science and Technology Publishing House, Nanjing (in Chinese).