Social Structure and Psychological Functioning: Distress, Perceived Control, and Trust

Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 411-447

  Ross, Catherine E ^a   Mirowsky, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Objective Condition; Psychological Distress; Psychological Functioning; Social Behavior; Social Capital

Indexed keywords

EID: 85045288554     PISSN: 13896903     EISSN: 2542839X     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/0-387-36921-X_17     Document Type: Chapter

References (193)

1. Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74.
2. Aneshensel, Carol. (1992). Social stress: Theory and research. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 15-38.
3. Aneshensel, Carol, Frerichs, Ralph R,, & Clark, Virginia A. (1981). Family roles and sex differences in depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 379-393.
4. Aneshensel, Carol S., Frerichs, Ralph R., & Huba, George J. (1984). Depression and physical illness: A Multiwave, Nonrecursive Causal Model. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 350-371.
5. Aneshensel, Carol S., Rutter, Carolyn M., & Lachenbruch, Peter A. (1991). Social structure, stress, and mental health: Competing conceptual and analytic models American Sociological Review, 56, 166-78.
6. Anson, Ofra. (1989). Marital status and women's health revisited: The importance of a proximate adult. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 185-194.
7. Appel, Margaret, Holroyd Kenneth, & Gorkin, Larry. (1983). Anger and the etiology and progression of physical illness. In L. Temoshok, C. Van Dyke, & L. Zegans (Eds.), Emotions in health and illness: Theoretical and research foundations (pp. 73-85). New York: Grune and Stratton.
8. Averill, James R. (1983). Studies on anger and aggression: Implications for theories of emotion. American Psychologist, 38, 1145-1160.
9. Bandura, Albert. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
10. Barber, B. (1983). The logic and limits of trust. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
11. Benassi, Victor A., Sweeney, P. D., & Dufour, C. L. (1988). Is there a relationship between locus of control orientation and depression? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 357-366.
12. Berkman, Lisa F., & Breslow, Lester. (1983). Health and ways of living: The Alameda County Study. NY: Oxford.
13. Bianchi, Suzanne M. (2000). Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demo^ra/ii/zy, 37, 401-414,
14. Bird, Chloe B., & Ross, Catherine E. (1993). Houseworkers and paid workers: Qualities of the work and effects on personal control. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 913-925.
15. Booth, Alan and Amato, Paul. (1991). Divorce and psychological stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 396-407.
16. Bowling, Ann. (1987). Mortality after bereavement: A review of the literature on survival periods and factors affecting survival. Social Science and Medicine, 24, 117-124.
17. Boyd, Jeffrey H., Burke, Jack D., Gruenberg, Ernst, Holzer, Charles E., Rae, Donald S., George, Linda K., Karno, Marvin, Stolzman, Roger, McEnvoy, Lary, & Nestadt, Gerald. (1984). Exclusion criteria oi DSM-lIl: A study of co-occurrence of hierarchy-free syndromes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 983-989.
18. Bradburn, Norman M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
19. Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and monopoly capital: The degradation of work in the twentieth century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
20. Brehm, John, & Rahn, Wendy. (1997). Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital. American Journal of Political Science, 41, 999-1023.
21. Brewin, C. R., & Shapiro, D. A. (1984). Beyond locus of control: Attribution of responsibility for positive and negative outcomes. British Journal of Psychology, 75, 43-49.
22. Brown, Brad B. (1978). Social and psychological correlates of help-seeking behavior among urban adults. Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 425-439.
23. Budig, Michelle J., & England, Paula. (2001). The wage penalty for motherhood. American Sociological Review, 66, 204-225.
24. Bulman, R. J., & Wortman, C. B. (1977). Attributions of blame and coping in the real world: Severe accident victims react to their lot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 351-63.
25. Clancy, Kevin & Gove, Walter R. (1974). Sex differences in mental illness: An analysis of response bias in self-reports American Journal of Sociology, 80, 205-215.
26. Cleary, Paul D., & Mechanic, David. (1983). Sex differences in psychological distress among married people. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 111-121.
27. Coleman, James S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal ofSociology, 94, S95-S120.
28. Coleman, James S. (1990). Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Coleman, L. M., Antonucci, Toni C, Adelmann, Pamela K., & Crohan, Susan E. (1987). Social roles in the lives of middle-aged and older black women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, 761-771.
30. Conger, Rand D., Conger, Katherine J., Elder, Glen H., Lorenz, Frederick O., Simons, Ronald L., & Whitbeck, Les B. (1992). A family process model of economic hardship and adjustment of early adolescent boys. Child Development, 63, 526-541.
31. Conger, Rand D., Lorenz, Frederick O., Elder, Glen H., Simmons, Ronald L., & Ge, Xiaojia. (1993). Husband and wife differences in response to undesirable life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 71-88.
32. Consumer Reports on Health. (1994). Is hostility killing you? Consumers Union, 6, 49-50.
33. Dohrenwend, Bruce P., & Dohrenwend, Barbara S. (1976). Sex differences in psychiatric disorder. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1447-1459.
34. Dohrenwend, Bruce P., & Dohrenwend, Barbara S. (1977). Reply to Gove and Tudor. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1336-1345.
35. Dohrenwend, Bruce P., &, Shrout, Patrick E. (1985). Hassels in the conceptualization and measiuement of life stress variables. American Psychologist, 40, 780-785.
36. Dohrenwend, Bruce P., Shrout, Patrick E., Egri, Gladys G., & Mendelson, Frederick S. (1980). Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1229-1236.
37. Downey, G., and Moen, Phyllis. (1987). Personal efficacy, income and family transitions: A longitudinal study of women heading households. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 320-333.
38. Elder, Glen H., and Liker, Jeffrey K. (1982). Hard times in women's lives: Historical influences across forty years. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 241-269.
39. Elo, IrmaT, & Preston, Samuel H. (1996). Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85. Social Science and Medicine, 42, 47-57.
40. Erikson, Kai. (1986). On work and alienation. American Sociological Review, 5i,l-8.
41. Fox, J. W. (1980). Gove's specific sex-role theory of mental illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 260-267.
42. Ferxee, M. M. (1976). Working class jobs: Housework and paid work as sources of satisfaction. Social Problems, 23, 431-441.
43. Ge, Xiaojia, Conger, Rand D., Lorenz, Frederick O., Elder, Glen H., Montague, Ruth B., & Simons, Ronald L. (1992). Linking family economic hardship to adolescent distress. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 2, 351-378.
44. Gecas, Viktor. (1989). The social psychology of self-efficacy. Annual Review of Sociology, 15, 291-316.
45. Geis, Karlyn J., & Ross, Catherine E. (1998). A new look at urban alienation: The effect of neighborhood disorder on perceived powerlessness. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 232-246.
46. Glass, Jennifer, & Camarigg, Valerie. (1992). Gender, parenthood and job-family compatibility. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 131-151.
47. Glass, Jennifer, & Fujimoto, Tetsushi. (1994). Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 179-191.
48. Glenn, Norval D., & Weaver, Charles N. (1981). Education's effects on psychological well-being. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 45, 22-39.
49. Gore, Susan, & Mangione, Thomas W. (1983). Social roles, sex roles, and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 330-312.
50. Gove, Walter R. (1993). Higher rates of physical symptoms among homeless women do not appear to be due to reporting bias: A comment on Ritchey et al. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 178-181.
51. Gove, Walter R., & Geerken, Michael R. (1977), The effect of children and employment on the mental health of married men and women. Social Forces, 56, 66-76.
52. Gove, Walter R., & Tudor, Jeannette F. (1973). Adult sex roles and mental illness. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 812-835.
53. Gove, Walter R., & Tudor, Jeannette F. (1977). Sex differences in mental illness: A comment on Dohrenwend and Dohrenwend. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1327-1335.
54. Gove, Walter R., McCorkel, James, Fain, Terry, & Hughes, Michael D. (1976). Response bias in community surveys of mental health: Systematic bias or random noise? Social Science and Medicine, 10, 497-502.
55. Gove, Walter R., Hughes, Michael M., & Style, Carolyn B. (1983). Does marriage have positive effects on the psychological well-being of the individual? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 122-131.
56. Green, Brian E., & Ritter, Christian. (2000). Marijuana use and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 40-49.
57. Gurin, P., Gurin, G., Lao, R. C, & Beattie, M. (1969). Internal-external control in the motivational dynamics of Negro youth. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 29-53.
58. Gurin, Gerald G., Veroff, Joseph, & Feld, Sheila. (1960). Americans view their mental health. New York: Basic.
59. Gurtman, M. B. (1992). Trust, distrust, and interpersonal problems: A circumplex analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 989-1002.
60. Hiroto, Donald S. (1974). Locus of control and learned helplessness. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 187-193.
61. Horowitz, Allan & White, Helene Raskin. (1991). Becoming married, depression, and alcohol problems among young adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 221-237.
62. House, James S., Kessler, Ronald C, Herzog, A. Regula, Merc, Richard R, Kinney, Ann M., & Breslow, Martha J. (1990). Age, socioeconomic status, and health. The Milbank Quarterly, 68, 383-411.
63. House, James, Umberson, Debra, & Landis, K. (1988). Structures and processes of social support. Annual Review of Sociology, i4, 293-318.
64. Hughes, Michael, & Demo, David H. (1989). Self-perceptions of Black americans: Self-esteem and personal efficacy. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 132-159.
65. Hughes, Michael M., & Gove, Walter R. (1981). Living alone, social integration, and mental health. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 48-74.
66. Johnson, David Richard, & Meile, Richard L. (1981). Does dimensionality bias in langner's 22-item index affect the validity of social status comparisons? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 415-433.
67. Julius, Mara, Harburg, Ernest, Cottington, Eric, & Johnson, Ernest. (1986). Anger, coping types, blood pressure and all-cause mortality: A follow-up inTecumseh, Michigan (197]~\9S3). American Journal of Epidemiology, 124, 220-233.
68. Kandel, Denise B., Davies, Mark, & Ravels, Victoria H. (1985). The stressfulness of daily social roles for women: Marital, occupational, and household roles. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 64-78.
69. Kaprio, Jaakko, Koskenuo, Markku, & Rita, Heli. (1987). Mortality after bereavement: A prospective study of 95,647 widowed persons. American Journal of Public Health, 77, 283-287.
70. Kessler, Ronald C. (1982). A disaggregation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 47, 752-764.
71. Kessler, Ronald C, & Cleary, Paul D. (1980). Social class and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 45, 463-478.
72. Kessler, Ronald C, & Essex, M. (1982). Marital status and depression: The importance of coping resources. Social Forces, 61, 484-507.
73. Kessler, Ronald C, & McRae, James A. (1982). The effect of wives' employment on the mental health of married men and women. American Sociological Review, 47, 216-227.
74. Kessler, Ronald C, Turner, J. Blake, & House, James S. (1989). Unemployment, reemployment and emotional functioning in a community sample. American Sociological Review, 54, 648-657.
75. Kohn, Melvin. (1976). Occupational structure and alienation. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 111-130.
76. Kohn, Melvin, & Schooler, Carmi. (1982). Job conditions and personality: A longitudinal assessment of their reciprocal effects. American Journal of Sociology, 87, 1257-1286.
77. Kohn, Melvin L., Naoi, Atsuhi, Schoenbach, Carrie, Schooler, Carmi, & Slomczynski, Kazimierz M. (1990). Position in the class structure and psychological functioning in the United States, Japan, and Poland. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 964-1008.
78. Kramer, Roderick M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 569-598.
79. Krause, Neil, & Liang, Jersey. (1993). Stress, social support, and psychological distress among the Chinese elderly. Journals of Gerontology, 48, P282-p291.
80. Krause, Neil, & Stryker, Sheldon. (1984). Stress and well-being: The buffering role of locus of control beliefs. Social Science and Medicine, 18, 783-790.
81. Lachman, M. E. (1986). Personal control in later Ufe: Stability, change, and cognitive correlates. In M. M. Baltes & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 207-236). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum.
82. Langner, Thomas S. (1962). A twenty-two item screening score of psychiatric symptoms indicating impairment. Journal of Health and Human Behavior, 3, 269-276.
83. Lennon, Mary Clare, & Rosenfield, Sarah. (1995). Relative fairness and the division of housework: The importance of options. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 506-531.
84. Lennon, Mary Clare, & Rosenfield, Sarah. (1992). Women and mental health: The interaction of job and family conditions. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 316-327.
85. Levenson H. (1973). Multidimensional locus of control in psychiatric patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 397-404.
86. Link, Bruce G., Lennon, Mary Clare, & Dohrenwend, Bruce P. (1993). Socioeconomic status and depression: The role of occupations involving direction, control, and planning. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 13S1-1387.
87. McLanahan, Sara, & Adams, JuUa. (1987). Parenthood and psychological well-being. In W. Richard Scott & James F. Short (Eds.), Annual review of sociology (Vol. 13). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.
88. McLaughUn, S. D., & Micklin, M. (1983). The timing of the first birth and changes in personal efficacy. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 47-55.
89. Menaghan, Elizabeth G. (1985). Depressive affect and subsequent divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 6, 295-306.
90. Mirowsky, John. (1985). Depression and marital power: An equity model. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 557-592.
91. Mirowsky, John. (1987). The psycho-economics of feeling underpaid: Distributive justice and the earnings of husbands and wives. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 1404-1434.
92. Mirowsky, John. (1995). Age and the sense of control. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 31-43.
93. Mirowsky, John. (1996). Age and the gender gap in depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 362-380.
94. Mirowsky, John, & Hu, Paul Nongzhuang. (1996). Physical impairment and the diminishing effects of income. Social Forces, 74, 1073-1096.
95. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1983). Paranoia and the structure of powerlessness. American Sociological Review, 48, 228-239.
96. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine B. (1984). Mexican culture and its emotional contradictions. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 2-13.
97. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1986). Social patterns of distress. Annual Review of Sociology, 12, 23^5.
98. Mnowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1989). Social causes ofpsychological distress. New York: Aldine-de Gruyter.
99. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1990a). The consolation prize theory of alienation. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1505-1535.
100. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine B. (1990b). Control or defense? Depression and the sense of control over good and bad outcomes. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 71-86.
101. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1991). Eliminating defense and agreement bias from measures of the sense of control: A 2 X 2 index. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 127-145.
102. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1992). Age and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 187-205.
103. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine B. (1995). Sex differences in Distress: Real or artifact? American Sociological Review, 60, 449-68.
104. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1996). Age and the gender gap in depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 362-380.
105. Mirowsky, John, & Ross, Catherine E. (1998). Education, personal control, lifestyle, and health: A human capital hypothesis. Research on Aging, 20, 415-449.
106. Mirowsky, John. (1999). Economic hardship across the life course. American Sociological Review, 64, 548-569.
107. Mirowsky, John, Ross, Catherine E., & Reynolds, John R. (2000). Links between social status and health status. In Chloe E. Bird, Peter Conrad, & Allen M. Freemont (Eds.), The handbook of medical sociology (5th ed., pp. 47-67). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
108. Mirowsky, John, Ross, Catherine B., & Van Willigen, Marieke M. (1996). Instrumentalism in the land of opportunity: Socioeconomic causes and emotional consequences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 322-337.
109. Molm, Linda D., Takahashi, Nobuyuki, & Peterson, Gretchen. (2000). Risk and trust in social exchange: An experimental test of a classical proposition. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 1396-1427.
110. Novaco, Raymond W. (1985). Anger and its therapeutic regulation. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders. Hemisphere: New York.
111. Orbell, John, & Dawes, Robyn M. (1991). A Cognitive Miser Theory of Cooperators' Advantage. The American Political Science Review, 85, 515-528.
112. Paxton, Pamela. (1999). Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment. American Journal of Sociology, 105, 88-127.
113. Pearlin, Leonard I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 241-256.
114. Pearlin, Leonard I., Lieberman, Morton A., Menaghan, Elizabeth C, & Mullan, Joseph T. (1981). The stress process. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 22, 337-356.
115. Pearlin, Leonard I., & Schooler, Carmi. (1978). The structure of coping. Journal of Health and Social Beahvior, 19, 2-21.
116. Peterson, Christopher, & Seligman, Martin E. P. (1984). Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence. Psychological Review, 91, Ml-'ilA.
117. Putnam, Robert D. (1995). Bowling alone: America's declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6, 65-78.
118. Radloff, Lenore. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
119. Reskin, Barbara F., & Padavic, Irene. (1994). Women and men at work. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
120. Reynolds, John R., & Ross, Catherine E. (1998). Social stratification and health: Education's benefit beyond economic status and social origins. Social Problems, 45, 221-247.
121. Rieker, Patricia P., & Bird, Chloe E. (2000). Sociological explanations of gender differences in mental and physical health. In Chloe E. Bird, Pater Conrad, & Allen M. Fremont (Eds.), Handbook of medical sociology (5th ed., pp. 98-113). NJ: Prentice-Hall.
122. Riessman, Kohler, Catherine, & Gerstel, Naomi R. (1985). Marital dissolution and health: Do males or females have greater risk? Social Science and Medicine, 20, 627-635.
123. Ritchey, Ferris J., La Gory, Mark, & Mullis, Jeffrey. (1991). Gender differences in health risks and physical symptoms among the homeless. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 32, 33-48.
124. Rodin, Judith. (1986a). Aging and health: Effects of the sense of control. Science, 233, 1271-1276.
125. Rodin, Judith. (1986b). Health, control, and aging. In Margaret M. Baltes & Paul B. Baltes (Eds.), The psychology of control and aging (pp. 139-165). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum.
126. Rogers, Richard G., Hummer, Robert A., & Charles B., Nam. (2000). Living and dying in the USA: Behavioral, health and social differentials of adult mortality. San Diego, CA: Academic.
127. Rosenfield, Sarah. (1980). Sex differences in depression: Do women always have higher rates? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 33-42.
128. Rosenfield, Sarah. (1989). The effects of women's employment: Personal control and sex differences in mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 77-91.
129. Rosenfield, Sarah. (1999). Splitfing the difference: Gender, the self, and mental health. In Carol S. Aneshensel & Jo C. Phelan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 209-224). NY: Plenum.
130. Ross, Catherine E. (1991). Marriage and the sense of control. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 831-838.
131. Ross, Catherine E. (1995). Reconceputalizing marital status as a continuum of social attachment Journal of marriage and the family, 57, 129-140.
132. Ross, Catherine E. (2000). Neighborhood disadvantage and adult depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 177-187.
133. Ross, Catherine E., & Bird, Chloe E. (1994). Sex stratification and health lifestyle: Consequences for men's and women's perceived health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 161-178.
134. Ross, Catherine E., & Drentea, Patricia. (1998). Consequences of retirement activities for distress and the sense of personal control. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 39, 317-334.
135. Ross, Catherine E., & Huber, Joan. (1985). Hardship and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 312-327.
136. Ross, Catherine E., & Mirowsky, John. (1984a). Components of depressed mood in married men and women: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies' Depression Scale. American Journal of Epidemiology, 119, 997-1004.
137. Ross, Catherine E. (1984b). Socially-desirable response and acquiescence in a cross-cultural survey of mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 25, 189-197.
138. Ross, Catherine E. (1988). Child care and emotional adjustment to wives' employment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 127-138.
139. Ross, Catherine E. (1989). Explaining the social patterns of depression: Control and problem-solving—or support and talking. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 206-219.
140. Ross, Catherine E. (1992). Households, employment, and the sense of control. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 217-235.
141. Ross, Catherine E. (1995). Does employment affect health? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 230-243.
142. Ross, Catherine E., Mirowsky, John, & Cockerham William C. (1983). Social class, Mexican culture, and fatalism: Their effects on psychological distress. American Journal of Community Psychology, 11, 383-399.
143. Ross, Catherine E., Mirowsky, John, & Goldsteen, Karen. (1990). The impact of the family on health: The decade in review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1059-1078.
144. Ross, Catherine E., Mirowsky, John, & Huber, Joan. (1983). Dividing work, sharing work, and in-between: Marriage patterns and depression. American Sociological Review, 48, 809-823.
145. Ross, Catherine E., Mirowsky, John, & Pribesh, Shana. (2001). Powerlessness and the amplification of threat: Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and mistrust. American Sociological Review, 66, 568-591.
146. Ross, Catherine E., Mirowsky, John, & Ulbrich, Patricia. (1983). Distress and the traditional female role: A comparison of Mexicans and Anglos. American Journal of Sociology, 89, 670-682.
147. Ross, Catherine E., & Sastry, Jaya T. (1999). The sense of personal control: Social structural causes and emotional consequences. In Carol S. Aneshensel & Jo C. Phelan (Eds.), The handbook of the sociology of mental health and illness (pp. 369-394). New York, NY: Plenum.
148. Ross, Catherine E., & Van Willigen, Marieke. (1996). Gender, parenthood and anger Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58. 572-584.
149. Ross, Catherine E. (1997). Education and the subjective quality of life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 275-297.
150. Ross, Catherine E., cfe Wright, Marylyn P. (1998). Women's work, men's work, and the sense of control. Work and Occupations, 25, 333-355.
151. Ross, Catherine. E., & Wu, Chia-ling. (1995). The links between education and health. American Sociological Review, 60, 719-745.
152. Rotter, Julian B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal vs. external control of reinforcements. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-28.
153. Rotter, Julian B. (1971). Generalized expectancies for interpersonal trust. American Psychologist, 26, 443-452.
154. Rotter, JuUan B. (1980). Interpersonal trust, trustworthiness, and gullibility. American Psychologist, 35, 1-7.
155. Sampson, Robert J., Raudenbush, Stephen W., & Earls, Felton. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science 211: 918-924.
156. Schieman, Scott. (1999). Age and anger. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 273-289.
157. Schieman, Scott. (2000). Education and the activation, course, and management of anger. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 20-39.
158. Schieman, Scott, & Turner, Heather A. (1998). Age, disability and the sense of mastery. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 39, 169-186.
159. Schieman, Scott, Van Gundy, Karen, & Taylor, John. (2001). Status, role, and resource explanations for age patterns in psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42, 80-96.
160. Seeman, Melvin. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review, 24, 783-791.
161. Seeman, Melvin. (1983). Alienation motifs in contemporary theorizing: The hidden continuity of classic themes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 46, 171-184.
162. Seeman, Melvin, & Lewis, Susan. (1995). Powerlessness, health and mortality: A longitudinal study of older men and mature women. Social Science and Medicine, 41, 517-525.
163. Seeman, Melvin, & Seeman, Teresa E. (1983). Health behavior and personal autonomy: A longitudinal study of the sense of control in illness. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 144-159.
164. Seeman, Melvin, Seeman, A. Z., & Budros, A. (1988). Powerlessness, work, and community: A longitudinal study of alienation and alcohol use. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 185-98.
165. Seller, Lauren H. (1975). Sex differences in mental illness: Comment on Clancy and Gove's Interpretations. American Journal of Sociology, 81, 1458-1462.
166. Seligman, Martin E. P. (1975). Helplessness. San Francisco: Freeman.
167. Simon, Robin W. (1992). Parental role strains, salience of parental identity and gender differences in psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 25-35.
168. Skogan, Wesley G. (1986). Fear of crime and neighborhood change. In A. J. Reiss & M. Tonry (Eds.), Communities and Crime (pp. 203-230) Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
169. Skogan, Wesley G. (1990). Disorder and decline. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
170. Sorrentino, R. M., Holmes, J. G., Haima, S. E., & Sharp, A. (1995). Uncertainty orientation and trust in close relationships: Individual differences in cognitive styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 314-327.
171. Srole, Leo, Langner, Thomas S., Michael, S. T., Opler, M. D., & Rennie, T. C. (1962), Mental health in the metropolis: The midtown Manhattan Study (Vol. 1). New York: McGraw-Hill.
172. Sullivan, J. L., & Transue, J. E. (1999). The psychological underpinnings of democracy: A selective review of research on political tolerance, interpersonal trust, and social capital. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 625-650.
173. Tavris, Carol. (1982). Anger: The misunderstood emotion. New York: Simon & Schuster
174. Thoits, Peggy A. (1981). Undesirable life events and psychological distress: A problem of operational confounding. American Sociological Review, 46, 97-109.
175. Thoits, Peggy A. (1984). Explaining distributions of psychological vulnerability: Lack of social support in the face of life stress. Social Forces, 63, 453-481.
176. Thoits, Peggy A. (1987). Gender and martial status differences in control and distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 7-22.
177. Thomas, Sandra. (1989). Gender differences in anger expression: Health implications. Research in Nursing and Health, 12, 389-398.
178. Turner, R. Jay, & Noh, Samuel. (1983). Class and psychological vulnerability among women: The significance of social support and personal control. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 2-15.
179. Turner, R. Jay, & Marino, Franco. (1994). Social support and social structure: A descriptive epidemiology. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 193-212.
180. Umberson, Debra. (1987). Family status and health behaviors: Social control as a dimension of social integration. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 306-319.
181. Umberson, Debra, Wortman, Camille B., & Kessler, Ronald C. (1992). Widowhood and depression: Explaining longterm gender differences in vulnerability. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 10-24.
182. Umberson, Debra and Williams, Kristi. (2000). Family status and mental health. In Carol S. Aneshensel & Jo C. Phelan (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health, (pp. 225-253). NY: Plenum.
183. U.S. Bureau of the Census. (2000). Profile of the nation's women, www.census.gov
184. Verbrugge, Lois M. (1985). Gender and health: An update on hypotheses and evidence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 156-182.
185. Weissman, Myrna M., & Paykel, Eugene S. (1974). The depressed woman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
186. Wethington, Elaine, & Kessler, Ronald C. (1986). Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 78-89.
187. Wheaton, Blair. (1980). The sociogenesis of psychological disorder: An Attributional Theory. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 100-124.
188. Wheaton, Blair. (1982). Uses and abuses of the Langner index: A reexamination of findings on psychological and psychophysiological distress. In David Mechanic (Ed.), Psychosocial epidemiology: Symptoms, illness behavior and help-seeking (pp. 25-53). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
189. Wheaton, Blair. (1983). Stress, personal coping resources, and psychiatric symptoms: An investigation of interactive models. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 208-229.
190. Wheaton, Blair. 1985a. Models for the stress-buffering functions of coping resources. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 26, 352-364.
191. Wheaton, Blair. 1985b. Personal resources and mental health. In James R. Greenley (Ed.), Research in community and mental health (pp. 139-184). Greenwich, CT: JAl.
192. Williams, David R., & Collins, Chiquita. (1995). US socioeconomic and racial differences in health: Patterns and e.n.-pXana.imm. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 349-386.
193. Wolinsky, F. D., & Stump, T. E. (1996). Age and the sense of control among older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 51B, S217-S220.