Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment

American Journal of Sociology

Volumn 105, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 88-127

  Paxton, Pamela ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040531685     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/210268     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Arbuckle, James L. 1995. AMOS, ver. 3.5. Chicago: SmallWaters Corporation.
2. Arendt, Hannah. 1948. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Harcourt & Brace.
3. Argyle, Michael. 1992. "Benefits Produced by Supportive Social Relationships." Pp. 13-31 in The Meaning and Measurement of Social Support, edited by Hans O. F. Veiel and Urs Baumann. New York: Hemisphere.
4. Banfield, Edward C. 1958. The Moral Basis of a Backward Society. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
5. Barber, Bernard. 1983. The Logic and Limits of Trust. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
6. Baumgartner, Frank R., and Jack L. Walker. 1988. "Survey Research and Membership in Voluntary Associations." American Journal of Political Science 32:908-27.
7. Becker, Gary Stanley. 1964. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
8. _. 1996. Accounting for Tastes. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
9. Bollen, Kenneth A. 1989a. Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York: Wiley.
10. _. 1989b. "A New Incremental Fix Index for General Structural Equation Models." Sociological Methods and Research 17:303-16.
11. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1983. "Forms of Capital." Pp. 241-58 in Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by John G. Richardson. New York: Greenwood Press
12. Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Brehm, John, and Wendy Rahn 1997. "Individual-Level Evidence for the Causes and Consequences of Social Capital." American Journal of Political Science 41:99-1023.
14. Breiger, Ronald. 1974. "The Duality of Persons and Groups." Social Forces 53:181-90.
15. Browne, Michael, and Robert Cudeck. 1993. "Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit." Pp. 136-62 in Testing Structural Equation Models, edited by Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.
16. Coleman, James S. 1988. "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital." American Journal of Sociology 94:S95-S120.
17. _. 1990. Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
18. Dasgupta, Partha. 1988. "Trust as a Commodity." Pp. 49-72 in Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relationships, edited by Diego Gambetta. New York: Basic Blackwell.
19. Davis, James Allen, and Tom W. Smith. 1994. General Social Surveys, 1972-1994 (MRDF). Chicago: National Opinion Research Center.
20. de Tocqueville, Alexis. [1835, 1840] 1990. Democracy in America. New York: Vintage.
21. Ehrenholt, Alan. 1995. "No Conservatives Need Apply." New York Times, November 19.
22. Fatton, Robert Jr. 1995. "Africa in the Age of Democratization: The Civic Limitations of Civil Society." African Studies Review 38:67-99.
23. Foley, Michael W., and Bob Edwards. 1997. "Escape from Politics: Social Theory and the Social Capital Debate." American Behavioral Scientist 40:550-61.
24. Fukuyama, Francis. 1995. Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. New York: Free Press.
25. Gambetta, Diego. 1988. "Can We Trust Trust?" Pp. 213-37 in Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relationships, edited by Diego Gambetta. New York: Basic Blackwell.
26. Giddens, Anthony. 1990. The Consequences of Modernity. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
27. Granovetter, Mark. 1973. "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78:1360-80.
28. _. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91:481-510.
29. Guest, Avery M., and R. S. Orpesa. 1986. "Informal Social Ties and Political Activity in the Metropolis." Urban Affairs Quarterly 21:550-74.
30. Hagan, John, Ross MacMillan, and Blair Wheaton. 1996. "New Kid in Town: Social Capital and the Life Course Effects of Family Migration on Children." American Sociological Review 61:368-85.
31. Halebsky, Sandor. 1976. Mass Society and Political Conflict: Toward a Reconstruction of Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
32. Hanifan, L. J. 1920. The Community Center. Boston: Silver, Burdette & Co.
33. Hardwig, John. 1991. "The Role of Trust in Knowledge." Journal of Philosophy 88: 693-708.
34. Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.
35. Jöreskog, K. G., and D. Sörbom. 1986. LISREL 6: Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships by Maximum Likelihood and Least Square Methods. Mooresville, Ind.: Scientific Software.
36. _. 1993. LISREL 8: User's Reference Guide. Chicago: Scientific Software International.
37. Ladd, Everett C. 1996. "The Data Just Don't Show Erosion of America's Social Capital." Public Perspective 7:1-30.
38. Lee, Barrett A., R. S. Oropesa, Barbara J. Metch, and Avery M. Guest. 1984. "Testing the Decline-of-Community Thesis: Neighborhood Organizations in Seattle, 1929-1979." American Journal of Sociology 89:1161-88.
39. Lehman, Edward. 1987. "The Crisis of Political Legitimacy: What Is It; Who's Got It; Who Needs It." Research in Political Sociology 3:203-21.
40. Lemann, Nicholas. 1996. "Kicking in Groups." Atlantic Monthly 277 (4): 22-26.
41. Lipset, Seymour Martin, and William Schneider. 1983. The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor, and Government in the Public Mind. New York: Free Press.
42. Lipset, Seymour Martin, Martin A. Trow, and James S. Coleman. 1956. Union Democracy: The Internal Politics of the International Typographical Union. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
43. Loury, Glenn. 1977. "A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences." Pp. 153-88 of Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, edited by P. A. Wallace and A. LeMund. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
44. Luhmann, Niklas. 1979. Trust and Power. Chichester: Wiley.
45. _. 1988. "Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives." Pp. 94-107 in Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relationships, edited by Diego Gambetta. New York: Basic Blackwell.
46. McPherson, J. Miller. 1982. "Hypernetwork Sampling: Duality and Differentiation among Voluntary Associations." Social Networks 3:225-49.
47. Mill, John Stuart. (1831) 1975. Three Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
48. Moody, James, and Peter S. Bearman. 1997. "Shaping School Climate: School Context, Adolescent Social Networks, and Attachment to Schools." Manuscript. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology.
49. Muthén, Bengt O. 1989. "Latent Variable Modeling in Heterogeneous Populations." Psychometrika 54:557-85.
50. Nelson, Joan M. 1994. "Labor and Business Roles in Dual Transitions: Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks?" Pp. 147-94 in Intricate Links: Democratization and Market Reforms in Latin America and Eastern Europe, edited by Joan M. Nelson. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.
51. Paxton, Pamela. 1998. "Capitalizing on Community: Social Capital and the Democratic Society." Ph.D. dissertation. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology.
52. Portes, Alejandro. 1998. "Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology." Annual Review of Sociology 22:1-24.
53. Portes, Alejandro, and Julia Sensenbrenner. 1993. "Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Determinants of Economic Action." American Journal of Sociology 98:1320-50.
54. Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
55. _. 1995. "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital." Journal of Democracy 6:65-78.
56. _. 1996. "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America." American Prospect 24: 34-48.
57. Reiman, J. 1990. The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, 3d ed. New York: Macmillan.
58. Rosenberg, Morris. 1956. "Misanthropy and Political Ideology." American Sociological Review 21:690-95.
59. Sampson, Robert J., Stephen W. Raudenbush, and Felton Earls. 1997. "Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy." Science 277: 918-24.
60. Sanders, Jimy M., and Victor Nee. 1996. "Immigrant Self-Employment: The Family as Social Capital and the Value of Human Capital." American Sociological Review 61:231-49.
61. Schiff, Maurice. 1992. "Social Capital, Labor Mobility, and Welfare." Rationality and Society 4:157-75.
62. Schultz, Theodore W. 1961. "Investment in Human Capital." American Economic Review 51:1-17.
63. Simmel, Georg. (1903) 1950. "The Metropolis and Mental Life." Pp. 409-24 in The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated and edited by Kurt H. Wolff. New York: Free Press.
64. _. 1971. On Individuality and Social Forms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Smith, Mark H., Lionel J. Beaulieu, and Ann Seraphine. 1995. "Social Capital, Place of Residence, and College Attendance." Rural Sociology 60:363-80.
66. Smith, Tom W. 1981. "Can We Have Confidence in Confidence: Revisited." Pp. 119-89 in Measurement of Subjective Phenomena, edited by Denis F. Johnston. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
67. _. 1990. "Trends in Voluntary Group Membership: Comments on Baumgartner and Walker." American Journal of Political Science 34:646-61.
68. _. 1994. "Is There Real Opinion Change?" International Journal of Public Opinion Research 6:187-203.
69. _. 1997. "Factors Relating to Misanthropy in Contemporary American Society." Social Science Research 26:170-96.
70. Steiger, J. H., and J. M. Lind. 1980. "Statistically Based Tests for the Number of Common Factors." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, Iowa.
71. Stein, Maurice. 1960. The Eclipse of Community: An Interpretation of American Studies. New York: Harper & Row.
72. Tanaka, J. S. 1993. "Multifaceted Conceptions of Fit in Structural Equation Models." Pp. 10-39 in Testing Structural Equation Models, edited by Kenneth A. Bollen and J. Scott Long. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage Publications.
73. Tönnies, F. (1887) 1957. Community and Society - Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, translated and supplemented by C. P. Loomis. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press.
74. Uzzi, Brian. 1996. "The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect." American Sociological Review 61:674-98.
75. Verba, Sidney, Norman H. Nie, and Jae-On Kim. 1978. Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-nation Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
76. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Volunteerism in American Politics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
77. Wasserman, Stanley, and Katherine Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
78. Wellman, Barry, Peter J. Carrington, and Alan Hall. 1988. "Networks as Personal Communities." Pp. 130-84 in Social Structures: A Network Approach, edited by Barry Wellman and S. D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79. Wilson, John, and Marc Musick. 1997. "Who Cares? Toward an Integrated Theory of Volunteer Work." American Sociological Review 62:694-713.
80. Wirth, Louis. 1938. "Urbanism as a Way of Life." Pp. 60-83 in On Cities and Social Life, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
81. Wolfinger, Raymond, and Steven Rosenstone. 1980. Who Votes? New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
82. Woolcock, Michael. 1998. "Social Capital and Economic Development: Towards a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework." Theory and Society 27:151-208.
83. World Almanac and Book of Facts. 1975-94. New York: Newspaper Enterprise Association.
84. Wuthnow, Robert. 1997. "The Changing Character of Social Capital in the United States." Working paper. Princeton University, Department of Sociology.
85. Zhou, Min, and Carl Bankstron III. 1994. "Social Capital and the Adaptation of the Second Generation: The Case of Vietnamese Youth in New Orleans." International Migration Review 28:841-45.