메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 135-163

The Elusive Backfire Effect: Mass Attitudes’ Steadfast Factual Adherence

Author keywords

Backfire effect; Factual correction; Factual information; Misinformation

Indexed keywords


EID: 85040599064     PISSN: 01909320     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11109-018-9443-y     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (508)

References (48)
  • 2
    • 84931459691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rumors and health care reform: Experiments in political misinformation
    • Berinsky, A. J. (2017). Rumors and health care reform: Experiments in political misinformation. British Journal of Political Science, 47(2), 241–262. 10.1017/S0007123415000186.
    • (2017) British Journal of Political Science , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-262
    • Berinsky, A.J.1
  • 3
    • 0002487572 scopus 로고
    • Communication discrepancy and intent to persuade as determinants of counterargument production
    • Brock, T. C. (1967). Communication discrepancy and intent to persuade as determinants of counterargument production. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3(3), 296–309. 10.1016/0022-1031(67)90031-5.
    • (1967) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-309
    • Brock, T.C.1
  • 4
    • 84872372477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partisan bias in factual beliefs about politics
    • Bullock, J. G., Gerber, A. S., Hill, S. J., & Huber, G. A. (2013). Partisan bias in factual beliefs about politics. Working Paper, March 2013, pp. 1–73. 10.1561/100.00014074.
    • (2013) Working Paper, March , vol.2013 , pp. 1-73
    • Bullock, J.G.1    Gerber, A.S.2    Hill, S.J.3    Huber, G.A.4
  • 5
    • 0001739168 scopus 로고
    • Effects of need for cognition on message evaluation, recall, and persuasion
    • Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Morris, K. J. (1983). Effects of need for cognition on message evaluation, recall, and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(4), 805–818. 10.1037/0022-3514.45.4.805.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 805-818
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Petty, R.E.2    Morris, K.J.3
  • 8
    • 84872903305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterframing effects
    • Retrieved from
    • Chong, D., & Druckman, J. (2013). Counterframing effects. The Journal of Politics, 75(1), 1–16. Retrieved from http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1017/S0022381612000837.
    • (2013) The Journal of Politics , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Chong, D.1    Druckman, J.2
  • 10
    • 84878989040 scopus 로고
    • The origins and meaning of liberal/conservative self-identifications
    • Conover, P. J., & Feldman, S. (1981). The origins and meaning of liberal/conservative self-identifications. American Journal of Political Science, 25(4), 617. 10.2307/2110756.
    • (1981) American Journal of Political Science , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 617
    • Conover, P.J.1    Feldman, S.2
  • 11
    • 33846165126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of belief systems in mass publics (1964)
    • Converse, P. E. (2006). The nature of belief systems in mass publics (1964). Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society, 18(1–3), 1–74. 10.1080/08913810608443650.
    • (2006) Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society , vol.18 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-74
    • Converse, P.E.1
  • 13
    • 33646369241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimenting with a democratic ideal: Deliberative polling and public opinion
    • Fishkin, J. S., & Luskin, R. C. (2005). Experimenting with a democratic ideal: Deliberative polling and public opinion. Acta Politica, 40, 284–298. 10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500121.
    • (2005) Acta Politica , vol.40 , pp. 284-298
    • Fishkin, J.S.1    Luskin, R.C.2
  • 14
    • 84946780140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • College football, elections, and false-positive results in observational research
    • Fowler, A., & Montagnes, B. P. (2015). College football, elections, and false-positive results in observational research. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(45), 13800–13804.
    • (2015) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.112 , Issue.45 , pp. 13800-13804
    • Fowler, A.1    Montagnes, B.P.2
  • 15
    • 0033473446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misperceptions about perceptual bias
    • Gerber, A., & Green, D. (1999). Misperceptions about perceptual bias. Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 189–210. 10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.189.
    • (1999) Annual Review of Political Science , vol.2 , pp. 189-210
    • Gerber, A.1    Green, D.2
  • 16
    • 72249083587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The polarizing effect of News Media messages about the social determinants of health
    • Gollust, S. E., Lantz, P. M., & Ubel, P. A. (2009). The polarizing effect of News Media messages about the social determinants of health. Public Health, 99, 2160–2167. 10.2105/AJPH.2009.161414.
    • (2009) Public Health , vol.99 , pp. 2160-2167
    • Gollust, S.E.1    Lantz, P.M.2    Ubel, P.A.3
  • 17
    • 77955618369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irrelevant events affect voters’ evaluations of government performance
    • Retrieved from
    • Healy, A., Malhotra, N., & Mo, C. (2010). Irrelevant events affect voters’ evaluations of government performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(29), 12804–12809. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/107/29/12804.short.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.107 , Issue.29 , pp. 12804-12809
    • Healy, A.1    Malhotra, N.2    Mo, C.3
  • 20
    • 67649534622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Educating the public
    • Howell, W. G., & West, M. R. (2009). Educating the public. Education Next, 9(3), 40–47.
    • (2009) Education Next , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 40-47
    • Howell, W.G.1    West, M.R.2
  • 21
    • 84993781874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology
    • Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 126–136. 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00070.x.
    • (2008) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-136
    • Jost, J.T.1    Nosek, B.A.2    Gosling, S.D.3
  • 22
    • 85029684274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated numeracy and enlightened selfgovernment
    • Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Dawson, E. C., & Slovic, P. (2017). Motivated numeracy and enlightened selfgovernment. Behavioural Public Policy, 1(01), 54–86. 10.1017/bpp.2016.2.
    • (2017) Behavioural Public Policy , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-86
    • Kahan, D.M.1    Peters, E.2    Dawson, E.C.3    Slovic, P.4
  • 23
    • 85007140446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence
    • Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one’s political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 39589. 10.1038/srep39589.
    • (2016) Scientific Reports , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 39589
    • Kaplan, J.T.1    Gimbel, S.I.2    Harris, S.3
  • 25
    • 0004028916 scopus 로고
    • Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York
    • Lippman, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
    • (1922) Public opinion
    • Lippman, W.1
  • 26
    • 0001371817 scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
    • Retrieved from
    • Lord, C., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/37/11/2098/.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social
    • Lord, C.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.3
  • 27
    • 0001444307 scopus 로고
    • Public opinion and heuristic processing of source cues
    • (,).,., (,)., Retrieved from
    • Mondak, J. J. (1993). Public opinion and heuristic processing of source cues. Political Behavior, 15(2), 167–192. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/586448.
    • (1993) Political Behavior , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-192
    • Mondak, J.J.1
  • 28
    • 69249103981 scopus 로고
    • Policy legitimacy and the Supreme Court: The sources and contexts of legitimation
    • Mondak, J. J. (1994). Policy legitimacy and the Supreme Court: The sources and contexts of legitimation. Political Research Quarterly, 47(3), 675. 10.2307/448848.
    • (1994) Political Research Quarterly , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 675
    • Mondak, J.J.1
  • 29
    • 77952009224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions
    • Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330. 10.1007/s11109-010-9112-2.
    • (2010) Political Behavior , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-330
    • Nyhan, B.1    Reifler, J.2
  • 32
    • 84898753023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective messages in vaccine promotion: A randomized trial
    • Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., Richey, S., & Freed, G. L. (2014). Effective messages in vaccine promotion: A randomized trial. Pediatrics, 133(4), e835–e842. 10.1542/peds.2013-2365.
    • (2014) Pediatrics , vol.133 , Issue.4 , pp. e835-e842
    • Nyhan, B.1    Reifler, J.2    Richey, S.3    Freed, G.L.4
  • 33
    • 84872847414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hazards of correcting myths about health care reform
    • Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., & Ubel, P. A. (2013). The hazards of correcting myths about health care reform. Medical Care, 51(2), 127–132. 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318279486b.
    • (2013) Medical Care , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-132
    • Nyhan, B.1    Reifler, J.2    Ubel, P.A.3
  • 34
    • 84973633708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is partisan bias in perceptions of objective conditions real? The effect of an accuracy incentive on the stated beliefs of partisans
    • Prior, M. (2007). Is partisan bias in perceptions of objective conditions real? The effect of an accuracy incentive on the stated beliefs of partisans. In Annual conference of the Midwestern Political Science Association.
    • (2007) Annual Conference of the Midwestern Political Science Association
    • Prior, M.1
  • 35
    • 84973596638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of accuracy incentives on partisan bias in reports of economic perceptions
    • Prior, M., Sood, G., & Khanna, K. (2015). The impact of accuracy incentives on partisan bias in reports of economic perceptions. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 10, 489–518. 10.1561/100.00014127.
    • (2015) Quarterly Journal of Political Science , vol.10 , pp. 489-518
    • Prior, M.1    Sood, G.2    Khanna, K.3
  • 36
    • 0036851437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hot cognition or cool consideration? Testing the effects of motivated reasoning on political decision making
    • Redlawsk, D. P. (2002). Hot cognition or cool consideration? Testing the effects of motivated reasoning on political decision making. The Journal of Politics, 64(4), 1021–1044. 10.1111/1468-2508.00161.
    • (2002) The Journal of Politics , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 1021-1044
    • Redlawsk, D.P.1
  • 37
    • 85047673039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When debiasing backfires: Accessible content and accessibility experiences in debiasing hindsight
    • Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Stocker, S. (2002). When debiasing backfires: Accessible content and accessibility experiences in debiasing hindsight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 28(3), 497–502. 10.1037//0278-7393.28.3.497
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 497-502
    • Sanna, L.J.1    Schwarz, N.2    Stocker, S.3
  • 38
    • 85026910379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misinformation and motivated reasoning: Responses to economic news in a politicized environment
    • Schaffner, B. F., & Roche, C. (2017). Misinformation and motivated reasoning: Responses to economic news in a politicized environment. Public Opinion Quarterly. 10.1093/poq/nfw043.
    • (2017) Public Opinion Quarterly
    • Schaffner, B.F.1    Roche, C.2
  • 39
    • 17044430674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How warnings about false claims become recommendations
    • Skurnik, I., Yoon, C., Park, D. C., & Schwarz, N. (2005). How warnings about false claims become recommendations. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 713–724. 10.1086/426605.
    • (2005) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 713-724
    • Skurnik, I.1    Yoon, C.2    Park, D.C.3    Schwarz, N.4
  • 41
    • 49249105421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure
    • Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior, 30, 341–366. 10.2307/40213321.
    • (2008) Political Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 341-366
    • Stroud, N.J.1
  • 42
    • 85014613479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processing political misinformation: Comprehending the Trump phenomenon
    • Swire, B., Berinsky, A. J., Lewandowsky, S., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2017). Processing political misinformation: Comprehending the Trump phenomenon. Royal Society Open Science, 4(3), 160802. 10.1098/rsos.160802.
    • (2017) Royal Society Open Science , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 160802
    • Swire, B.1    Berinsky, A.J.2    Lewandowsky, S.3    Ecker, U.K.H.4
  • 43
    • 33744718189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated specticism in the evaluation of political beliefs
    • Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated specticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. Political Science, 50(3), 755–769. 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x.
    • (2006) Political Science , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 755-769
    • Taber, C.S.1    Lodge, M.2
  • 44
    • 84947767372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belief echoes: The persistent effects of corrected misinformation
    • Thorson, E. (2015). Belief echoes: The persistent effects of corrected misinformation. Political Communication, 46(9), 1–21. 10.1080/10584609.2015.1102187.
    • (2015) Political Communication , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 1-21
    • Thorson, E.1
  • 45
    • 84975229285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identity and epistemic emotions during knowledge revision: A potential account for the backfire effect
    • Trevors, G. J., Muis, K. R., Pekrun, R., Sinatra, G. M., & Winne, P. H. (2016). Identity and epistemic emotions during knowledge revision: A potential account for the backfire effect. Discourse Processes. 10.1080/0163853X.2015.1136507.
    • (2016) Discourse Processes
    • Trevors, G.J.1    Muis, K.R.2    Pekrun, R.3    Sinatra, G.M.4    Winne, P.H.5
  • 46
    • 43249084062 scopus 로고
    • Extensional versus intuititive reasoning: The conjuction fallacy in probability judgment
    • &
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuititive reasoning: The conjuction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90(4), 293–315. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/rev/90/4/293/.
    • (1983) Psychological Review , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 293-315
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 47
    • 84870205471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a more reliable implementation of ideology in measures of public opinion
    • Wood, T., & Oliver, E. (2012). Toward a more reliable implementation of ideology in measures of public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(4), 636–662. 10.1093/poq/nfs045.
    • (2012) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.76 , Issue.4 , pp. 636-662
    • Wood, T.1    Oliver, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.