메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 125-155

Origin and evolution of animal life cycles

Author keywords

Larvae; Lecithotrophic; Metazoa; Phylogeny; Planktotrophic

Indexed keywords


EID: 85040411259     PISSN: 14647931     EISSN: 1469185X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.1997.tb00027.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (16)

References (300)
  • 1
    • 17544363798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transdifferentiation of larval flagellated cells to choanocytes in the metamorphosis of the demosponge Haliclona permollis
    • Amano, S. & Hori, I. (1996). Transdifferentiation of larval flagellated cells to choanocytes in the metamorphosis of the demosponge Haliclona permollis. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 190, 161-172.
    • (1996) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.190 , pp. 161-172
    • Amano, S.1    Hori, I.2
  • 2
    • 0002290049 scopus 로고
    • The development and larval form of an echinothurioid echinoid, Asthenosoma ijimai, revisited
    • Amemiya, A. & Emlet, R. B. (1992). The development and larval form of an echinothurioid echinoid, Asthenosoma ijimai, revisited. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 182, 15-30.
    • (1992) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.182 , pp. 15-30
    • Amemiya, A.1    Emlet, R.B.2
  • 3
    • 0000298381 scopus 로고
    • The early development of a solenogastre, Epimenia verrucosa (Nierstrasz)
    • Baba, K. (1940). The early development of a solenogastre, Epimenia verrucosa (Nierstrasz). Annotationes zoologicae japonenses 19, 107-113.
    • (1940) Annotationes zoologicae japonenses , vol.19 , pp. 107-113
    • Baba, K.1
  • 4
    • 0242671415 scopus 로고
    • Methods of brood protection as a basis for reclassification of the Spirorbinae (Serpulidae)
    • Bailey, J. H. (1969). Methods of brood protection as a basis for reclassification of the Spirorbinae (Serpulidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 48, 387-407.
    • (1969) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.48 , pp. 387-407
    • Bailey, J.H.1
  • 5
    • 0007116381 scopus 로고
    • Settling of the larvae of Siboglinum fiordicum Webb (Pogonorphora) in the laboratory
    • Bakke, T. (1974). Settling of the larvae of Siboglinum fiordicum Webb (Pogonorphora) in the laboratory. Sarsia 56, 57-70.
    • (1974) Sarsia , vol.56 , pp. 57-70
    • Bakke, T.1
  • 7
    • 0345214223 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung und Geschlechtsbestimmung der Bonellia
    • pl. 1
    • Baltzer, F. (1925). Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung und Geschlechtsbestimmung der Bonellia. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 6, 223-286.pl. 1.
    • (1925) Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli , vol.6 , pp. 223-286
    • Baltzer, F.1
  • 9
    • 0009266376 scopus 로고
    • Basal deuterostomes (Chaetognaths, Hemichordates, Calcichordates, Cephalochordates and Tunicates)
    • (ed., M. J. Benton, Chapman & Hall, London
    • Benton, M. J. (1993). Basal deuterostomes (Chaetognaths, Hemichordates, Calcichordates, Cephalochordates and Tunicates). In The Fossil Record 2 (ed. M. J. Benton), pp. 529-535. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1993) The Fossil Record 2 , pp. 529-535
    • Benton, M.J.1
  • 10
    • 0022615741 scopus 로고
    • Developmental potential of ciliated cells of ceractinomorph sponge larvae
    • Bergquist, P. R. & Glasgow, K. (1986). Developmental potential of ciliated cells of ceractinomorph sponge larvae. Experimental Biology 45, 111-122.
    • (1986) Experimental Biology , vol.45 , pp. 111-122
    • Bergquist, P.R.1    Glasgow, K.2
  • 11
    • 0000276609 scopus 로고
    • Studies in tunicate development. Part II. Abbreviation of development in the Molgulidae
    • Berrill, N. J. (1931). Studies in tunicate development. Part II. Abbreviation of development in the Molgulidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 219, 225-346.
    • (1931) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.219 , pp. 225-346
    • Berrill, N.J.1
  • 13
    • 84954970149 scopus 로고
    • A classification and phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)
    • Blake, D. B. (1987). A classification and phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History 21, 481-528.
    • (1987) Journal of Natural History , vol.21 , pp. 481-528
    • Blake, D.B.1
  • 14
    • 0005204663 scopus 로고
    • Paxillosidans are not primitive asteroids: A hypothesis based on functional considerations
    • (ed., R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert, R. L. Parsley, Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Blake, D. B. (1988). Paxillosidans are not primitive asteroids: A hypothesis based on functional considerations. In Echinoderm Biology (ed. R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert and R. L. Parsley), pp. 309-314. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Biology , pp. 309-314
    • Blake, D.B.1
  • 15
    • 0002718766 scopus 로고
    • The larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. III. Eighteen species of Errantia
    • Blake, J. A. (1975). The larval development of Polychaeta from the northern California coast. III. Eighteen species of Errantia. Ophelia 14, 23-84.
    • (1975) Ophelia , vol.14 , pp. 23-84
    • Blake, J.A.1
  • 16
    • 0004780581 scopus 로고
    • Anaerobiosis, meiofauna and early metazoan evolution
    • Boaden, P. J. S. (1975). Anaerobiosis, meiofauna and early metazoan evolution, Zoologica Scripta 4, 21-24.
    • (1975) Zoologica Scripta , vol.4 , pp. 21-24
    • Boaden, P.J.S.1
  • 17
    • 0010257459 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary studies on the organization and development of a hexactinellid sponge from a Mediterranean cave, Oopsacus minuta
    • &, In, (ed., R. W. M. Van Soest, T. M. G. Van Kempen, J.-C. Braekman, Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. (1994). Preliminary studies on the organization and development of a hexactinellid sponge from a Mediterranean cave, Oopsacus minuta. In Sponges in Time and Space (ed. R. W. M. Van Soest, T. M. G. Van Kempen and J.-C. Braekman), pp. 407-415. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1994) Sponges in Time and Space , pp. 407-415
    • Boury-Esnault, N.1    Vacelet, J.2
  • 18
    • 0030987704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ediacaran sponge spicule clusters from southwestern Mongolia and the origins of the Cambrian fauna
    • Brasier, M., Green, O. & Shields, G. (1997). Ediacaran sponge spicule clusters from southwestern Mongolia and the origins of the Cambrian fauna. Geology 25, 303-306.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 303-306
    • Brasier, M.1    Green, O.2    Shields, G.3
  • 21
    • 0000860740 scopus 로고
    • Development and biology of the larva of Saccoglossus horsti (Enteropneusta)
    • Burdon-Jones, C. (1952). Development and biology of the larva of Saccoglossus horsti (Enteropneusta). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 236, 553-590.
    • (1952) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.236 , pp. 553-590
    • Burdon-Jones, C.1
  • 23
    • 0026278045 scopus 로고
    • Embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid Patiriella regularis viewed by light and scanning electron microscopy
    • Byrne, M. & Barker, M. F. (1991). Embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid Patiriella regularis viewed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 180, 332-345.
    • (1991) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.180 , pp. 332-345
    • Byrne, M.1    Barker, M.F.2
  • 24
    • 0029789290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of intragonadal development in the diminutive sea stars Patiriella vivipara and P. Parvivipara with an overview of the development in the Asterinidae
    • Byrne, M. & Cerra, A. (1996). Evolution of intragonadal development in the diminutive sea stars Patiriella vivipara and P. parvivipara with an overview of the development in the Asterinidae. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 191, 17-26.
    • (1996) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.191 , pp. 17-26
    • Byrne, M.1    Cerra, A.2
  • 25
    • 0003041748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characters, reproduction, and growth of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Ctenostomatida)
    • &, In, (ed., D. P. Gordon, A. M. Smith, J. A. Grant-Mackie, NIWA, Wellington
    • Cadman, P. S. & Ryland, J. S. (1996). The characters, reproduction, and growth of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Ctenostomatida). In Bryozoans in Space and Time (ed. D. P. Gordon, A. M. Smith and J. A. Grant-Mackie), pp. 69-79. NIWA, Wellington.
    • (1996) Bryozoans in Space and Time , pp. 69-79
    • Cadman, P.S.1    Ryland, J.S.2
  • 26
    • 0013404553 scopus 로고
    • Morphology, development, and biology of the pilidium larvae (Nemertini) from the Swedish west coast
    • Cantell, C.-E. (1969). Morphology, development, and biology of the pilidium larvae (Nemertini) from the Swedish west coast, Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 38, 61-112.
    • (1969) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.38 , pp. 61-112
    • Cantell, C.-E.1
  • 27
    • 0029434317 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships among extant brachiopods
    • Carlson, S. J. (1995) Phylogenetic relationships among extant brachiopods. Cladistics 11, 131-197.
    • (1995) Cladistics , vol.11 , pp. 131-197
    • Carlson, S.J.1
  • 28
    • 0022878457 scopus 로고
    • Larval biology of Early Cambrian molluscs: The implications of small body size
    • Chaffee, C. & Lindberg, D. R. (1986). Larval biology of Early Cambrian molluscs: The implications of small body size. Bulletin of Marine Science 39, 536-549.
    • (1986) Bulletin of Marine Science , vol.39 , pp. 536-549
    • Chaffee, C.1    Lindberg, D.R.2
  • 29
    • 33744764878 scopus 로고
    • The embryology of a brooding starfish, Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson)
    • Chia, F.-S. (1968). The embryology of a brooding starfish, Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 49, 321-364.
    • (1968) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.49 , pp. 321-364
    • Chia, F.-S.1
  • 30
    • 77957218204 scopus 로고
    • Larval development in Discinisca (Inarticulate brachiopod)
    • Chuang, S.-H. (1977). Larval development in Discinisca (Inarticulate brachiopod). American geologist 17, 39-53.
    • (1977) American geologist , vol.17 , pp. 39-53
    • Chuang, S.-H.1
  • 31
    • 0007472563 scopus 로고
    • Synapta vivipara: A contribution to the morphology of echinoderms
    • pis 11-15
    • Clark, H. L. (1898). Synapta vivipara: A contribution to the morphology of echinoderms. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 5, 53-88.pis 11-15.
    • (1898) Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History , vol.5 , pp. 53-88
    • Clark, H.L.1
  • 32
    • 0001988656 scopus 로고
    • The embryology of a brachiopod, Terebratulina septentrionalis Couthouy
    • Conklin, E. G. (1902). The embryology of a brachiopod, Terebratulina septentrionalis Couthouy. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 41, 41-76.
    • (1902) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , vol.41 , pp. 41-76
    • Conklin, E.G.1
  • 33
    • 0002909771 scopus 로고
    • The embryology of Amphioxus
    • Conklin, E. G. (1932). The embryology of Amphioxus. Journal of Morphology 54, 69-118.
    • (1932) Journal of Morphology , vol.54 , pp. 69-118
    • Conklin, E.G.1
  • 35
    • 0027834182 scopus 로고
    • Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America
    • Conway Morris, S. (1993). Ediacaran-like fossils in Cambrian Burgess Shale-type faunas of North America. Palaeontology 36, 593-638.
    • (1993) Palaeontology , vol.36 , pp. 593-638
    • Conway Morris, S.1
  • 36
    • 0030990255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular clocks: Defusing the Cambrian ‘explosion’
    • Conway Morris, S. (1997). Molecular clocks: Defusing the Cambrian ‘explosion’ Current Biology 7, R71-R74.
    • (1997) Current Biology , vol.7 , pp. R71-R74
    • Conway Morris, S.1
  • 38
    • 0000977455 scopus 로고
    • Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution
    • Conway Morris, S. & Peel, J. S. (1995). Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 347, 305-358.
    • (1995) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.347 , pp. 305-358
    • Conway Morris, S.1    Peel, J.S.2
  • 39
    • 0007455802 scopus 로고
    • An echinoid that ‘gives birth’: Morphology and systematics of a new Antarctic species, Urechinus mortenseni (Echinodermata, Holasteroida)
    • David, B. & Mooi, R. (1990). An echinoid that ‘gives birth’: Morphology and systematics of a new Antarctic species, Urechinus mortenseni (Echinodermata, Holasteroida). Zoomorphology 110, 75-89.
    • (1990) Zoomorphology , vol.110 , pp. 75-89
    • David, B.1    Mooi, R.2
  • 40
    • 0028812782 scopus 로고
    • Origin of bilaterian body plans: Evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms
    • Davidson, E. M., Peterson, K. J. & Cameron, R. A. (1995). Origin of bilaterian body plans: Evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms. Science 270, 1319-1325.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1319-1325
    • Davidson, E.M.1    Peterson, K.J.2    Cameron, R.A.3
  • 41
    • 0039328089 scopus 로고
    • Embryologie des Échinodermes
    • (ed., P.-P. Grassé, Masson, Paris
    • Dawydoff, C. (1948). Embryologie des Échinodermes. In Traité de Zoologie (ed. P.-P. Grassé), vol. 11, pp. 277-363. Masson, Paris.
    • (1948) Traité de Zoologie , vol.11 , pp. 277-363
    • Dawydoff, C.1
  • 43
    • 0030023247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining divergence times of the major kingdoms of living organisms with a protein clock
    • Doolittle, R. F., Feng, D.-F., Tsang, S., Cho, G. & Little, A. (1996). Determining divergence times of the major kingdoms of living organisms with a protein clock. Science 271, 470-477.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 470-477
    • Doolittle, R.F.1    Feng, D.-F.2    Tsang, S.3    Cho, G.4    Little, A.5
  • 44
    • 0000979599 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the habits, anatomy and embryology of members of the Protobranchia
    • Drew, G. A. (1899). Some observations on the habits, anatomy and embryology of members of the Protobranchia. Anatomischer Anzeiger 15, 493-519.
    • (1899) Anatomischer Anzeiger , vol.15 , pp. 493-519
    • Drew, G.A.1
  • 45
    • 0005031806 scopus 로고
    • Scanning electron microscopic observations of the larval development of the reef-building polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa
    • Eckelbarger, K. J. & Chia, F.-S. (1976). Scanning electron microscopic observations of the larval development of the reef-building polychaete Phragmatopoma lapidosa. Canadian Journal of Zoology 54, 2082-2088.
    • (1976) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.54 , pp. 2082-2088
    • Eckelbarger, K.J.1    Chia, F.-S.2
  • 46
    • 0000944750 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive patterns in six species of Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Pacific Coast of North America
    • Eernisse, D. J. (1988). Reproductive patterns in six species of Lepidochitona (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Pacific Coast of North America. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 174, 287-302.
    • (1988) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.174 , pp. 287-302
    • Eernisse, D.J.1
  • 47
    • 11744360130 scopus 로고
    • Annelida and Arthropoda are not sister taxa: A phylogenetic analysis of spiralian metazoan morphology
    • Eernisse, D. J., Albert, J. S. & Andersen, F. E. (1992). Annelida and Arthropoda are not sister taxa: A phylogenetic analysis of spiralian metazoan morphology. Systematic Biology 41, 305-330.
    • (1992) Systematic Biology , vol.41 , pp. 305-330
    • Eernisse, D.J.1    Albert, J.S.2    Andersen, F.E.3
  • 50
    • 0022178082 scopus 로고
    • Crystal axes in recent and fossil adult echinoids indicate trophic mode in larval development
    • Emlet, R. B. (1985). Crystal axes in recent and fossil adult echinoids indicate trophic mode in larval development. Science 230, 937-940.
    • (1985) Science , vol.230 , pp. 937-940
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 51
    • 0000702318 scopus 로고
    • Facultative planktotrophy in the tropical echinoid Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus) and comparisons with obligate planktotrophy in Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray) (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea)
    • Emlet, R. B. (1986). Facultative planktotrophy in the tropical echinoid Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus) and comparisons with obligate planktotrophy in Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray) (Clypeasteroida: Echinoidea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95, 183.
    • (1986) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.95 , pp. 183
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 52
    • 0001364903 scopus 로고
    • World patterns of developmental mode in echinoid echinoderms
    • Emlet, R. B. (1990). World patterns of developmental mode in echinoid echinoderms. Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction 5, 329-335.
    • (1990) Advances in Invertebrate Reproduction , vol.5 , pp. 329-335
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 53
    • 12644305543 scopus 로고
    • Body form and patterns of ciliation in nonfeeding larvae of echinoderms: Functional solutions to swimming in the plankton
    • Emlet, R. B. (1994). Body form and patterns of ciliation in nonfeeding larvae of echinoderms: Functional solutions to swimming in the plankton American Zoologist 34, 570-585.
    • (1994) American Zoologist , vol.34 , pp. 570-585
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 54
    • 0028980289 scopus 로고
    • Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata, Echinoidea)
    • Emlet, R. B. (1995a). Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). Evolution 49, 476-489.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 476-489
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 55
    • 0028909803 scopus 로고
    • Larval spicules, cilia, and symmetry as remnants of indirect development in the direct developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
    • Emlet, R. B. (1995b). Larval spicules, cilia, and symmetry as remnants of indirect development in the direct developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Developmental Biology 167, 405-415.
    • (1995) Developmental Biology , vol.167 , pp. 405-415
    • Emlet, R.B.1
  • 56
    • 0003007562 scopus 로고
    • Echinoderm larval ecology viewed from the egg
    • &, In, (ed., M. J. Jangoux, J. M. Lawrence, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Emlet, R. B., McEdward, L. R. & Strathmann, R. R. (1987). Echinoderm larval ecology viewed from the egg. In Echinoderm Studies (ed. M. J. Jangoux and J. M. Lawrence), vol. 2, pp. 55-136. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1987) Echinoderm Studies , vol.2 , pp. 55-136
    • Emlet, R.B.1    McEdward, L.R.2    Strathmann, R.R.3
  • 57
    • 0001830106 scopus 로고
    • Functional consequences of simple cilia in the mitraria of Oweniids (an anomalous larva of an anomalous polychaete) and comparisons with other larvae
    • &, In, (ed., W. H. Wilson, S. A. Strieker, G. L. Shinn, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Emlet, R. B. & Strathmann, R. R. (1994). Functional consequences of simple cilia in the mitraria of Oweniids (an anomalous larva of an anomalous polychaete) and comparisons with other larvae. In Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates (ed. W. H. Wilson, S. A. Strieker and G. L. Shinn), pp. 143-157. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
    • (1994) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates , pp. 143-157
    • Emlet, R.B.1    Strathmann, R.R.2
  • 58
    • 0003963804 scopus 로고
    • The larval coelom as a significant feature of bipinnaria and brachiolaria in asteroid ontogeny. A critical approach
    • Erber, W. (1985). The larval coelom as a significant feature of bipinnaria and brachiolaria in asteroid ontogeny. A critical approach, Zoologischer Anzeiger 215, 329-337.
    • (1985) Zoologischer Anzeiger , vol.215 , pp. 329-337
    • Erber, W.1
  • 59
    • 0027141156 scopus 로고
    • The origin of metazoan development: A paleobiological perspective
    • Erwin, D. H. (1993). The origin of metazoan development: A paleobiological perspective. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50, 255-274.
    • (1993) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.50 , pp. 255-274
    • Erwin, D.H.1
  • 60
    • 0000323228 scopus 로고
    • Sexual reproduction, development and larval biology in scleractinian corals
    • Fadlallah, Y. H. (1983). Sexual reproduction, development and larval biology in scleractinian corals. Coral Reefs 2, 129-150.
    • (1983) Coral Reefs , vol.2 , pp. 129-150
    • Fadlallah, Y.H.1
  • 61
    • 0006432795 scopus 로고
    • An adaptive model for the evolution of the ectoproct life cycle
    • (ed., R. M. Woollacott, R. L. Zimmer, Academic Press, New York
    • Farmer, J. D. (1977). An adaptive model for the evolution of the ectoproct life cycle. In Biology of Bryozoans (ed. R. M. Woollacott and R. L. Zimmer), pp. 487-517. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1977) Biology of Bryozoans , pp. 487-517
    • Farmer, J.D.1
  • 62
    • 0004102380 scopus 로고
    • Echinoderm ontogeny
    • (ed., R. C. Moore,), part S, Geological Society of America, Lawrence Kansas
    • Fell, H. B. (1967). Echinoderm ontogeny. In Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology (ed. R. C. Moore), part S, vol. 1, pp. 60-85. Geological Society of America, Lawrence, Kansas.
    • (1967) Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology , vol.1 , pp. 60-85
    • Fell, H.B.1
  • 63
    • 0002259725 scopus 로고
    • Porifera
    • (ed., K. G. Adiyodi, R. G. Adiyodi, (Fertilization, DevelopmentParental Care), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Fell, P. E. (1989). Porifera. In Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates (ed. K. G. Adiyodi and R. G. Adiyodi), vol. 4A (Fertilization, Development, and Parental Care), pp. 1-41. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
    • (1989) Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates , vol.4A , pp. 1-41
    • Fell, P.E.1
  • 64
    • 0343139828 scopus 로고
    • Note préliminaire sur le développement larvaire de Amphiura chiajei (Forbes)
    • Fenaux, L. (1963). Note préliminaire sur le développement larvaire de Amphiura chiajei (Forbes). Vie et Milieu 14, 91-96.
    • (1963) Vie et Milieu , vol.14 , pp. 91-96
    • Fenaux, L.1
  • 66
    • 4243344109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cambrian evolutionary ‘explosion’: Decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity
    • Fortey, R. A., Briggs, D. E. G. & Wills, M. A. (1996). The Cambrian evolutionary ‘explosion’: Decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57, 13-33.
    • (1996) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.57 , pp. 13-33
    • Fortey, R.A.1    Briggs, D.E.G.2    Wills, M.A.3
  • 67
    • 0001650709 scopus 로고
    • Oogenesis and larval development of Scypha ciliata (Porifera, Calcarea)
    • Franzen, W. (1988). Oogenesis and larval development of Scypha ciliata (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoomorphology 107, 349-357.
    • (1988) Zoomorphology , vol.107 , pp. 349-357
    • Franzen, W.1
  • 68
    • 0030450468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primordial germ cells of Synaptula hydriformis (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) are epithelial flagellated-collar cells: Their apical-basal polarity becomes primary egg polarity
    • Frick, J. E. & Ruppert, E. E. (1996). Primordial germ cells of Synaptula hydriformis (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) are epithelial flagellated-collar cells: Their apical-basal polarity becomes primary egg polarity. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 191, 168-177.
    • (1996) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.191 , pp. 168-177
    • Frick, J.E.1    Ruppert, E.E.2
  • 70
    • 0000945384 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of the oocyte and embryo of the calcified sponge, Petrobiona massiliana (Porifera, Calcarea)
    • Gallissian, M.-F. & Vacelet, J. (1992). Ultrastructure of the oocyte and embryo of the calcified sponge, Petrobiona massiliana (Porifera, Calcarea). Zoomorphology 112, 133-141.
    • (1992) Zoomorphology , vol.112 , pp. 133-141
    • Gallissian, M.-F.1    Vacelet, J.2
  • 72
    • 0029776595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia
    • Gehling, J. G. & Rigby, J. K. (1996). Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia. Journal of Paleontology 70, 185-195.
    • (1996) Journal of Paleontology , vol.70 , pp. 185-195
    • Gehling, J.G.1    Rigby, J.K.2
  • 73
  • 74
    • 0000605326 scopus 로고
    • The development and certain points in the adult structure of the starfish Asterias rubens, L
    • Gemmill, J. F. (1914). The development and certain points in the adult structure of the starfish Asterias rubens, L. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 205, 213-294.
    • (1914) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.205 , pp. 213-294
    • Gemmill, J.F.1
  • 75
    • 0000890007 scopus 로고
    • Ciliation and function of the food-collecting and waste-rejection organs of the lophophorates
    • Gilmour, T. H. J. (1978). Ciliation and function of the food-collecting and waste-rejection organs of the lophophorates. Canadian Journal of Zoology 56, 2142-2155.
    • (1978) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.56 , pp. 2142-2155
    • Gilmour, T.H.J.1
  • 76
    • 0000315577 scopus 로고
    • Feeding in tornaria larvae and the development of gill slits in enteropneust hemichordates
    • Gilmour, T. H. J. (1982). Feeding in tornaria larvae and the development of gill slits in enteropneust hemichordates. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60, 3010-3020.
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.60 , pp. 3010-3020
    • Gilmour, T.H.J.1
  • 77
    • 0039920473 scopus 로고
    • The development of the calcareous test of Echinus miliaris
    • Gordon, I. (1926a). The development of the calcareous test of Echinus miliaris. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 214, 259-312.
    • (1926) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.214 , pp. 259-312
    • Gordon, I.1
  • 78
    • 0343458631 scopus 로고
    • The development of the calcareous test of Echinocardium cordatum
    • Gordon, I. (1926b). The development of the calcareous test of Echinocardium cordatum. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 215, 255-313.
    • (1926) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.215 , pp. 255-313
    • Gordon, I.1
  • 79
    • 0004129698 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal development in Arbacia, Echinarachnius and Leptasterias
    • Gordon, I. (1929). Skeletal development in Arbacia, Echinarachnius and Leptasterias. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 217, 289-334.
    • (1929) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.217 , pp. 289-334
    • Gordon, I.1
  • 80
    • 0344350699 scopus 로고
    • Bau und Leben von Caecum glabrum (Montagu)
    • Götze, E. (1938). Bau und Leben von Caecum glabrum (Montagu), Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik 71, 55-122.
    • (1938) Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik , vol.71 , pp. 55-122
    • Götze, E.1
  • 81
    • 0019430505 scopus 로고
    • A scanning electron microscopic study of larval development in the marine polychaete, Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (Serpulidae)
    • Grant, N. J. (1981). A scanning electron microscopic study of larval development in the marine polychaete, Galeolaria caespitosa Lamarck (Serpulidae). Cell and Tissue Research 215, 171-179.
    • (1981) Cell and Tissue Research , vol.215 , pp. 171-179
    • Grant, N.J.1
  • 82
    • 0000920333 scopus 로고
    • Development of the pericalymma larva of Solemya reidi (Bivalvia: Solemyidae) as revealed by light and electron microscopy
    • Gustavson, R. G. & Reid, R. G. B. (1986). Development of the pericalymma larva of Solemya reidi (Bivalvia: Solemyidae) as revealed by light and electron microscopy. Marine Biology (Berlin) 93, 411-427.
    • (1986) Marine Biology (Berlin) , vol.93 , pp. 411-427
    • Gustavson, R.G.1    Reid, R.G.B.2
  • 83
    • 0028936974 scopus 로고
    • Multiple origins of anural development in ascidians inferred from rDNA sequences
    • Hadfield, K. A., Swalla, B. J. & Jeffery, W. R. (1995). Multiple origins of anural development in ascidians inferred from rDNA sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 40, 413-427.
    • (1995) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 413-427
    • Hadfield, K.A.1    Swalla, B.J.2    Jeffery, W.R.3
  • 84
    • 0001328126 scopus 로고
    • Hemichordata
    • (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, Academic Press, New York
    • Hadfield, M. (1975). Hemichordata. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese and J. S. Pearse), vol. 2, pp. 185-240. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1975) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.2 , pp. 185-240
    • Hadfield, M.1
  • 85
    • 0002548525 scopus 로고
    • Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mesnil, and Poecilo-chaetidae n. Fam. In the Gullmar Fjord
    • Hannerz, L. (1956). Larval development of the polychaete families Spionidae Sars, Disomidae Mesnil, and Poecilo-chaetidae n. fam. in the Gullmar Fjord, Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 31, 1-204.
    • (1956) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.31 , pp. 1-204
    • Hannerz, L.1
  • 86
    • 0027444442 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of feeding, growth and stage development by trochophora larvae of the boreal polychaete Mediomastus fragile (Rasmussen) (Capitellidae)
    • Hansen, B. (1993). Aspects of feeding, growth and stage development by trochophora larvae of the boreal polychaete Mediomastus fragile (Rasmussen) (Capitellidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 166, 273-288.
    • (1993) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.166 , pp. 273-288
    • Hansen, B.1
  • 88
    • 0029661476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary loss of larval feeding: Development, form and function in a facultatively feeding larva, Brisaster latifrons
    • Hart, M. W. (1996). Evolutionary loss of larval feeding: Development, form and function in a facultatively feeding larva, Brisaster latifrons. Evolution 50, 174-187.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 174-187
    • Hart, M.W.1
  • 89
    • 0000703547 scopus 로고
    • Form and feeding mechanism of a living Planctosphaera pelagica (phylum Hemichordata)
    • Hart, M. W., Miller, R. L. & Madin, L. P. (1994). Form and feeding mechanism of a living Planctosphaera pelagica (phylum Hemichordata). Marine Biology (Berlin) 120, 521-533.
    • (1994) Marine Biology (Berlin) , vol.120 , pp. 521-533
    • Hart, M.W.1    Miller, R.L.2    Madin, L.P.3
  • 90
    • 0001041658 scopus 로고
    • On the origin and evolution of major gastropod groups, with special reference to the Streptoneura
    • Haszprunar, G. (1988). On the origin and evolution of major gastropod groups, with special reference to the Streptoneura. Journal of Molluscan Studies 54, 367-441.
    • (1988) Journal of Molluscan Studies , vol.54 , pp. 367-441
    • Haszprunar, G.1
  • 91
    • 0001410190 scopus 로고
    • The Archaeogastropoda. A clade, a grade or what else
    • Haszprunar, G. (1993). The Archaeogastropoda. A clade, a grade or what else American Malacological Bulletin 10, 165-177.
    • (1993) American Malacological Bulletin , vol.10 , pp. 165-177
    • Haszprunar, G.1
  • 93
    • 0001548374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoplacophora
    • &, In, (ed., F. W. Harrison, Mollusca II, Wiley-Liss, New York
    • Haszprunar, G. & Schaefer, K. (1997). Monoplacophora. In Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates (ed. F. W. Harrison), vol. 6B. Mollusca II, pp. 415-457. Wiley-Liss, New York.
    • (1997) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates , vol.6B , pp. 415-457
    • Haszprunar, G.1    Schaefer, K.2
  • 97
    • 0002923676 scopus 로고
    • 3. Lieferung (, Gustav Fischer, Jena
    • Hatschek, B. (1891). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 3. Lieferung (pp. 305-432). Gustav Fischer, Jena.
    • (1891) Lehrbuch der Zoologie , pp. 305-432
    • Hatschek, B.1
  • 98
    • 0001874943 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary ecology of larval types
    • (ed., L. McEdward, CRC Press, Boca Raton
    • Havenhand, J. N. (1995). Evolutionary ecology of larval types. In Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (ed. L. McEdward), pp. 79-122. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
    • (1995) Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae , pp. 79-122
    • Havenhand, J.N.1
  • 99
    • 0000603490 scopus 로고
    • Adaptational significance of the patterns of ophiuroid development
    • Hendler, G. (1975). Adaptational significance of the patterns of ophiuroid development. American Zoologist 15, 691-715.
    • (1975) American Zoologist , vol.15 , pp. 691-715
    • Hendler, G.1
  • 100
    • 0017455540 scopus 로고
    • Development of Amphioplus abditus (Verrill) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). I. Larval biology
    • Hendler, G. (1977). Development of Amphioplus abditus (Verrill) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). I. Larval biology. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 152, 51-63.
    • (1977) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.152 , pp. 51-63
    • Hendler, G.1
  • 101
    • 0000798291 scopus 로고
    • An echinoderm vitellaria with a bilateral larval skeleton: Evidence for the evolution of ophiuroid vitellariae from ophioplutei
    • Hendler, G. (1982). An echinoderm vitellaria with a bilateral larval skeleton: Evidence for the evolution of ophiuroid vitellariae from ophioplutei. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 163, 431-437.
    • (1982) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.163 , pp. 431-437
    • Hendler, G.1
  • 102
    • 0000115596 scopus 로고
    • Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
    • (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, V. B. Pearse, The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove CA
    • Hendler, G. (1991). Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse), vol. 6, pp. 355-511. The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA.
    • (1991) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.6 , pp. 355-511
    • Hendler, G.1
  • 103
    • 0028216333 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of the dorsoventral axis in nemertean embryos: Evolutionary considerations of spiralian development
    • Henry, J. Q. & Martindale, M. Q. (1994). Establishment of the dorsoventral axis in nemertean embryos: Evolutionary considerations of spiralian development. Development Genetics 15, 64-78.
    • (1994) Development Genetics , vol.15 , pp. 64-78
    • Henry, J.Q.1    Martindale, M.Q.2
  • 104
    • 0030450606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of mesoderm in the equal-cleaving nemertean worm Cerebratulus lacteus
    • Henry, J. Q. & Martindale, M. Q. (1996). The origins of mesoderm in the equal-cleaving nemertean worm Cerebratulus lacteus. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 191, 286-288.
    • (1996) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.191 , pp. 286-288
    • Henry, J.Q.1    Martindale, M.Q.2
  • 105
    • 0003123639 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphosis in the opheliid polychaete Armandia brevis
    • (ed., F.-S. Chia, M. E. Rice, Elsevier, New York
    • Hermans, C. O. (1978). Metamorphosis in the opheliid polychaete Armandia brevis. In Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (ed. F.-S. Chia and M. E. Rice), pp. 113-126. Elsevier, New York.
    • (1978) Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae , pp. 113-126
    • Hermans, C.O.1
  • 106
    • 0001870472 scopus 로고
    • The meaning of developmental asymmetry for echinoderm evolution: A new interpretation
    • (ed., C. R. C. Paul, A. B. Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Holland, N. D. (1988). The meaning of developmental asymmetry for echinoderm evolution: A new interpretation. In Echinoderm Phytogeny and Evolutionary Biology (ed. C. R. C. Paul and A. B. Smith), pp. 13-25. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Phytogeny and Evolutionary Biology , pp. 13-25
    • Holland, N.D.1
  • 107
    • 0024938945 scopus 로고
    • Middle Ordovician phosphatic inarticulate brachiopods from Vestergötland and Dalarna, Sweden
    • Holmer, L. E. (1989). Middle Ordovician phosphatic inarticulate brachiopods from Vestergötland and Dalarna, Sweden. Fossils & Strata 26, 1-172.
    • (1989) Fossils & Strata , vol.26 , pp. 1-172
    • Holmer, L.E.1
  • 108
    • 0005302136 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on determination in the early development of Cerebratulus lacteus
    • Hörstadius, S. (1937). Experiments on determination in the early development of Cerebratulus lacteus. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 73, 317-342.
    • (1937) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.73 , pp. 317-342
    • Hörstadius, S.1
  • 111
    • 0007105896 scopus 로고
    • The origin and phylogenetic significance of the trochophoran larvae. 2. Evolutionary significance of the larvae of coelomate worms and molluscs
    • (In Russian, English summary)
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (1985). The origin and phylogenetic significance of the trochophoran larvae. 2. Evolutionary significance of the larvae of coelomate worms and molluscs. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 64, 650-660.(In Russian, English summary).
    • (1985) Zoologicheskii Zhurnal , vol.64 , pp. 650-660
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O.M.1
  • 112
    • 0344782625 scopus 로고
    • Origin, evolution and phylogenetic significance of ciliated larvae
    • (In Russian, English summary)
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. (1987). Origin, evolution and phylogenetic significance of ciliated larvae, Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 66, 325-338.(In Russian, English summary).
    • (1987) Zoologicheskii Zhurnal , vol.66 , pp. 325-338
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O.M.1
  • 113
    • 0007534424 scopus 로고
    • Trochaea theory and phylogenetic significance of ciliate larvae
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O. M. & Ivanov, A. V. (1988). Trochaea theory and phylogenetic significance of ciliate larvae. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 13, 67-80.
    • (1988) Soviet Journal of Marine Biology , vol.13 , pp. 67-80
    • Ivanova-Kazas, O.M.1    Ivanov, A.V.2
  • 114
    • 0002977507 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the comparative embryology of nemerteans with special reference to their interrelationships
    • Iwata, F. (1960). Studies on the comparative embryology of nemerteans with special reference to their interrelationships. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station 10, 1-51.
    • (1960) Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station , vol.10 , pp. 1-51
    • Iwata, F.1
  • 115
    • 0008359881 scopus 로고
    • Zur Kenntniss der Larvenentwicklung bei Myzostomum
    • Jägersten, G. (1939). Zur Kenntniss der Larvenentwicklung bei Myzostomum. Arkiv für Zoologi 31 A, 1-21.
    • (1939) Arkiv für Zoologi , vol.31 A , pp. 1-21
    • Jägersten, G.1
  • 116
    • 0001665357 scopus 로고
    • On the morphology and reproduction of entoproct larvae
    • Jägersten, G. (1964). On the morphology and reproduction of entoproct larvae, Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 36, 295-314.
    • (1964) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.36 , pp. 295-314
    • Jägersten, G.1
  • 118
    • 0344782589 scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis for the evolution of the concentricyloid water-vascular system
    • &, In, (ed., W. H. J. Wilson, S. A. Strieker, G. L. Shinn, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Janies, D. A. & McEdward, L. R. (1994). A hypothesis for the evolution of the concentricyloid water-vascular system. In Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates (ed. W. H. J. Wilson, S. A. Strieker and G. L. Shinn), pp. 246-257. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
    • (1994) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates , pp. 246-257
    • Janies, D.A.1    McEdward, L.R.2
  • 119
    • 0001120782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early phylogeny of chordates and echinoderms and the origin of chordate left-right asymmetry and bilateral symmetry
    • Jefferies, R. P. S., Brown, N. A. & Daley, P. E. (1996). The early phylogeny of chordates and echinoderms and the origin of chordate left-right asymmetry and bilateral symmetry. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 77, 101-122.
    • (1996) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.77 , pp. 101-122
    • Jefferies, R.P.S.1    Brown, N.A.2    Daley, P.E.3
  • 120
    • 0000359590 scopus 로고
    • Anural development in ascidians: Evolutionary modification and elimination of the tadpole larva
    • Jeffery, W. R. & Swalla, B. J. (1990). Anural development in ascidians: Evolutionary modification and elimination of the tadpole larva. Developmental Biology 1, 253-261.
    • (1990) Developmental Biology , vol.1 , pp. 253-261
    • Jeffery, W.R.1    Swalla, B.J.2
  • 121
    • 0026848615 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of alternate modes of development in ascidians
    • Jeffery, W. R. & Swalla, B. J. (1992). Evolution of alternate modes of development in ascidians. BioEssays 14, 219-226.
    • (1992) BioEssays , vol.14 , pp. 219-226
    • Jeffery, W.R.1    Swalla, B.J.2
  • 122
    • 0342588728 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology and systematics of spatangoids (Euechinoidea
    • (ed., R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert, R. L. Parsley, Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Jensen, M. (1988). Functional morphology and systematics of spatangoids (Euechinoidea). In Echinoderm Biology (ed. R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert and R. L. Parsley), pp. 327-335. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Biology , pp. 327-335
    • Jensen, M.1
  • 123
    • 0345645178 scopus 로고
    • On the development of Cephalodiscus
    • John, C. C. (1932). On the development of Cephalodiscus. ‘Discovery’ Reports 6, 191-204.
    • (1932) ‘Discovery’ Reports , vol.6 , pp. 191-204
    • John, C.C.1
  • 125
    • 0016606185 scopus 로고
    • On the development of the sea-star, Astropecten latespinus Meissner
    • Komatsu, M. (1975). On the development of the sea-star, Astropecten latespinus Meissner. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 148, 49-59.
    • (1975) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.148 , pp. 49-59
    • Komatsu, M.1
  • 126
    • 0020489109 scopus 로고
    • The nervous system and ciliary band of Müller's larva
    • Lacalli, T. C. (1982). The nervous system and ciliary band of Müller's larva. Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) B 217, 37-58.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) B , vol.217 , pp. 37-58
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 127
    • 0002868074 scopus 로고
    • Structure and organization of the nervous system in the trochophore larva of Spirobranchus
    • Lacalli, T. C. (1984). Structure and organization of the nervous system in the trochophore larva of Spirobranchus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 306, 79-135.
    • (1984) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.306 , pp. 79-135
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 128
    • 0004100717 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary band patterns and pattern rearrangements in the development of the doliolaria larva
    • (ed., R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert, R. L. Parsley, Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Lacalli, T. C. (1988). Ciliary band patterns and pattern rearrangements in the development of the doliolaria larva. In Echinoderm Biology (ed. R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert and R. L. Parsley), pp. 273-274. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Biology , pp. 273-274
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 129
    • 38249007367 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary bands in echinoderm larvae: Evidence for structural homologies and a common plan
    • Lacalli, T. C. (1993). Ciliary bands in echinoderm larvae: Evidence for structural homologies and a common plan. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 74, 127-133.
    • (1993) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.74 , pp. 127-133
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 130
    • 0030021099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsoventral axis inversion: A phylogenetic perspective
    • Lacalli, T. C. (1996). Dorsoventral axis inversion: A phylogenetic perspective. BioEssays 18, 251-254.
    • (1996) BioEssays , vol.18 , pp. 251-254
    • Lacalli, T.C.1
  • 131
    • 0022558883 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra. I. The development of normal epithelial pattern
    • Lacalli, T. C. & West, J. E. (1986). Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra. I. The development of normal epithelial pattern. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 96, 303-323.
    • (1986) Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology , vol.96 , pp. 303-323
    • Lacalli, T.C.1    West, J.E.2
  • 132
    • 0023100006 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra. II. Development of anterior and posterior half-embryos and the role of the mesentoderm
    • Lacalli, T. C. & West, J. E. (1987). Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra. II. Development of anterior and posterior half-embryos and the role of the mesentoderm. Development 99, 273-284.
    • (1987) Development , vol.99 , pp. 273-284
    • Lacalli, T.C.1    West, J.E.2
  • 133
    • 0000366925 scopus 로고
    • Histoire de l'organisation et du developpement du Dentale
    • 319-385, pls 8-13
    • Lacaze-Duthiers, H. (1858). Histoire de l'organisation et du developpement du Dentale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie 6, 225-281.319-385, pls 8-13.
    • (1858) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie , vol.6 , pp. 225-281
    • Lacaze-Duthiers, H.1
  • 134
    • 0000450492 scopus 로고
    • Histoire de l'organisation et du développement du Dentale
    • pls 2-49
    • Lacaze-Duthiers, H. (1859). Histoire de l'organisation et du développement du Dentale. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie 7, 171-255.pls 2-49.
    • (1859) Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie , vol.7 , pp. 171-255
    • Lacaze-Duthiers, H.1
  • 135
    • 0000325649 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction of sympatric populations of Heliocidaris erythrogramma and H. Tuberculata (Echinoidea) in New South Wales
    • Laegdsgaard, P., Byrne, M. & Anderson, D. T. (1991). Reproduction of sympatric populations of Heliocidaris erythrogramma and H. tuberculata (Echinoidea) in New South Wales. Marine Biology (Berlin) 110, 359-374.
    • (1991) Marine Biology (Berlin) , vol.110 , pp. 359-374
    • Laegdsgaard, P.1    Byrne, M.2    Anderson, D.T.3
  • 136
    • 0029470556 scopus 로고
    • A combined morphological and molecular approach to the phylogeny of asteroids (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)
    • Lafay, B., Smith, A. B. & Christen, R. (1995). A combined morphological and molecular approach to the phylogeny of asteroids (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Systematic Biology 44, 190-208.
    • (1995) Systematic Biology , vol.44 , pp. 190-208
    • Lafay, B.1    Smith, A.B.2    Christen, R.3
  • 137
    • 84982004838 scopus 로고
    • An interpretation of the sex cells and the early development in sponges, with a note on the terms acrocoel and spongocoel
    • Lemche, H. & Tendal, O. (1977). An interpretation of the sex cells and the early development in sponges, with a note on the terms acrocoel and spongocoel. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 15, 241-252.
    • (1977) Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung , vol.15 , pp. 241-252
    • Lemche, H.1    Tendal, O.2
  • 138
    • 84990479747 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of adult gonads and development and structure of the larva of Rhabdopleura normani (Hemichordata: Pterobranchia)
    • Lester, S. M. (1988). Ultrastructure of adult gonads and development and structure of the larva of Rhabdopleura normani (Hemichordata: Pterobranchia). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 69, 95-109.
    • (1988) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.69 , pp. 95-109
    • Lester, S.M.1
  • 139
    • 0001514353 scopus 로고
    • Pattern and diversity in reproduction and development
    • &, In, (ed., L. McEdward, CRC Press, Boca Raton
    • Levin, L. A. & Bridges, T. S. (1995). Pattern and diversity in reproduction and development. In Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (ed. L. McEdward), pp. 1-48. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
    • (1995) Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae , pp. 1-48
    • Levin, L.A.1    Bridges, T.S.2
  • 140
    • 0029654308 scopus 로고
    • A combined morphological and molecular phylogeny for sea urchins (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)
    • Littlewood, D. T. J. & Smith, A. B. (1995). A combined morphological and molecular phylogeny for sea urchins (Echinoidea: Echinodermata). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 347, 213-234.
    • (1995) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.347 , pp. 213-234
    • Littlewood, D.T.J.1    Smith, A.B.2
  • 141
    • 0002663498 scopus 로고
    • Brachiopoda
    • &, In, (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, V. B. Pearse, Blackwell Scientific Publs., Boston/Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove
    • Long, J. A. & Stricker, S. A. (1991). Brachiopoda. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse), vol. 6, pp. 47-84. Blackwell Scientific Publs., Boston/Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove.
    • (1991) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.6 , pp. 47-84
    • Long, J.A.1    Stricker, S.A.2
  • 142
    • 0012365819 scopus 로고
    • Beobachtungen und Versuche an lebenden Meeresbryozoen
    • Marcus, E. (1926). Beobachtungen und Versuche an lebenden Meeresbryozoen. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik 52, 1-102.
    • (1926) Zoologische Jahrbücher, Systematik , vol.52 , pp. 1-102
    • Marcus, E.1
  • 144
    • 0001559363 scopus 로고
    • The adult and larval morphology and life history of the entoproct Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars, 1835)
    • Mariscal, R. N. (1965). The adult and larval morphology and life history of the entoproct Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars, 1835). Journal of Morphology 116, 311-338.
    • (1965) Journal of Morphology , vol.116 , pp. 311-338
    • Mariscal, R.N.1
  • 145
    • 0004107803 scopus 로고
    • Molecular approaches to echinoderm phylogeny
    • (ed., B. David, B. Guille, J.-P. Féral, M. Roux, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Marshall, C. R. (1994). Molecular approaches to echinoderm phylogeny. In Echinoderms through Time (ed. B. David, B. Guille, J.-P. Féral and M. Roux), pp. 63-71. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1994) Echinoderms through Time , pp. 63-71
    • Marshall, C.R.1
  • 146
    • 0028788281 scopus 로고
    • Modifications of cell fate specification in equal-cleaving nemertean embryos: Alternate patterns of spiralian development
    • Martindale, M. Q. & Henry, J. Q. (1995). Modifications of cell fate specification in equal-cleaving nemertean embryos: Alternate patterns of spiralian development. Development 121, 3175-3185.
    • (1995) Development , vol.121 , pp. 3175-3185
    • Martindale, M.Q.1    Henry, J.Q.2
  • 147
    • 0000509469 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and development of a unique type of pelagic larva in the starfish Pteraster tesselatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)
    • McEoward, L. R. (1992). Morphology and development of a unique type of pelagic larva in the starfish Pteraster tesselatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 182, 177-187.
    • (1992) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.182 , pp. 177-187
    • McEoward, L.R.1
  • 148
    • 0002134241 scopus 로고
    • Energetic content of eggs, larvae, and juveniles of Florometra serratissima and the implications for the evolution of crinoid life histories
    • McEdward, L. R., Carson, S. F. & Chia, F.-S. (1988). Energetic content of eggs, larvae, and juveniles of Florometra serratissima and the implications for the evolution of crinoid life histories. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 13, 9-22.
    • (1988) International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development , vol.13 , pp. 9-22
    • McEdward, L.R.1    Carson, S.F.2    Chia, F.-S.3
  • 151
    • 0000168256 scopus 로고
    • Population genetic consequences of developmental evolution in sea urchins (Genus Erythrogramma)
    • McMillan, W. O., Raff, R. A. & Palumbi, S. R. (1992). Population genetic consequences of developmental evolution in sea urchins (Genus Erythrogramma). Evolution 46, 1299-1312.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1299-1312
    • McMillan, W.O.1    Raff, R.A.2    Palumbi, S.R.3
  • 153
    • 0006134156 scopus 로고
    • Interrelations between pelagic larvae of Nephthys ciliata (O. F. Müller), Macoma baltica L. And Mya arenaria L. Of the White Sea
    • Mileikovsky, S. A. (1959). Interrelations between pelagic larvae of Nephthys ciliata (O. F. Müller), Macoma baltica L. and Mya arenaria L. of the White Sea. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 38, 1889-1891.
    • (1959) Zoologicheskii Zhurnal , vol.38 , pp. 1889-1891
    • Mileikovsky, S.A.1
  • 155
    • 0022168383 scopus 로고
    • Development and metamorphosis of the brittle star Ophiocoma pumila: Evolutionary and ecological implications
    • Mladenov, P. V. (1985). Development and metamorphosis of the brittle star Ophiocoma pumila: Evolutionary and ecological implications. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 168, 285-295.
    • (1985) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.168 , pp. 285-295
    • Mladenov, P.V.1
  • 156
    • 0004547161 scopus 로고
    • The developmental role of the extracellular matrix suggests a monopohyletic origin of the Kingdom Animalia
    • Morris, P. J. (1993). The developmental role of the extracellular matrix suggests a monopohyletic origin of the Kingdom Animalia. Evolution 47, 152-165.
    • (1993) Evolution , vol.47 , pp. 152-165
    • Morris, P.J.1
  • 157
    • 0042672373 scopus 로고
    • Ctenophora
    • 10 pls., Bianco Luno, Copenhagen
    • Mortensen, T. (1912). Ctenophora. In The Danish Ingolf Expedition, vol. 5A (3), pp. 1-96, 10 pls. Bianco Luno, Copenhagen.
    • (1912) The Danish Ingolf Expedition , vol.5A , Issue.3 , pp. 1-96
    • Mortensen, T.1
  • 159
    • 0000001013 scopus 로고
    • Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea
    • Mortensen, T. (1936). Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. ‘Discovery’ Reports 12, 199-348.
    • (1936) ‘Discovery’ Reports , vol.12 , pp. 199-348
    • Mortensen, T.1
  • 160
    • 0002211573 scopus 로고
    • Contributions to the study of development and larval forms of echinoderms. IV. Del Kongelige danske Videnskabemes Selskabs Skrifter
    • 12 pls
    • Mortensen, T. (1938). Contributions to the study of development and larval forms of echinoderms. IV. Del Kongelige danske Videnskabemes Selskabs Skrifter. Naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk Afdeling, 9. Række 7 (3), 1-59, 12 pls.
    • (1938) Naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk Afdeling, 9. Række , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-59
    • Mortensen, T.1
  • 161
    • 0001379308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary history of the Bivalvia
    • (ed., J. D. Taylor, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Morton, B. (1996). The evolutionary history of the Bivalvia. In Origin and Evolutionary History of the Mollusca (ed. J. D. Taylor), pp. 337-359. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary History of the Mollusca , pp. 337-359
    • Morton, B.1
  • 162
  • 163
    • 0024228790 scopus 로고
    • External morphology and larval development of the Upper Cambrian maxillopod Bredocaris admirabilis
    • Müller, K. J. & Walossek, D. (1988). External morphology and larval development of the Upper Cambrian maxillopod Bredocaris admirabilis. Fossils & Strata 23, 1-70.
    • (1988) Fossils & Strata , vol.23 , pp. 1-70
    • Müller, K.J.1    Walossek, D.2
  • 164
    • 0029092813 scopus 로고
    • Molecular phylogeny of Metazoa (animals): Monophyletic origin
    • Müller, W. E. G. (1995). Molecular phylogeny of Metazoa (animals): Monophyletic origin. Naturwissenschaften 82, 321-329.
    • (1995) Naturwissenschaften , vol.82 , pp. 321-329
    • Müller, W.E.G.1
  • 165
    • 0002526614 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure of alimentary canal and body cavity, ground pattern, and phylogenetic relationships of the Kinorhyncha
    • Neuhaus, B. (1994). Ultrastructure of alimentary canal and body cavity, ground pattern, and phylogenetic relationships of the Kinorhyncha. Microfauna Marina 9, 61-156.
    • (1994) Microfauna Marina , vol.9 , pp. 61-156
    • Neuhaus, B.1
  • 167
    • 0000456425 scopus 로고
    • Studies on Danish Entoprocta
    • Nielsen, C. (1964). Studies on Danish Entoprocta. Ophelia 1, 1-76.
    • (1964) Ophelia , vol.1 , pp. 1-76
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 168
    • 0000798827 scopus 로고
    • On metamorphosis and ancestrula formation in cyclostomatous bryozoans
    • Nielsen, C. (1970). On metamorphosis and ancestrula formation in cyclostomatous bryozoans. Ophelia 7, 217-256.
    • (1970) Ophelia , vol.7 , pp. 217-256
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 169
    • 0000271107 scopus 로고
    • Entoproct life-cycles and the entoproct/ectoproct relationship
    • Nielsen, C. (1971). Entoproct life-cycles and the entoproct/ectoproct relationship. Ophelia 9, 209-341.
    • (1971) Ophelia , vol.9 , pp. 209-341
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 170
    • 0001772782 scopus 로고
    • Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory
    • Nielsen, C. (1985). Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 25, 243-299.
    • (1985) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.25 , pp. 243-299
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 171
    • 0000404758 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of metazoan ciliary bands and their phylogenetic significance
    • Nielsen, C. (1987). Structure and function of metazoan ciliary bands and their phylogenetic significance. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 68, 205-262.
    • (1987) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.68 , pp. 205-262
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 172
    • 0002395616 scopus 로고
    • The development of the brachiopod Crania (Neocrania) anomala (O. F. Müller) and its phylogenetic significance
    • Nielsen, C. (1991a). The development of the brachiopod Crania (Neocrania) anomala (O. F. Müller) and its phylogenetic significance. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 72, 7-28.
    • (1991) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.72 , pp. 7-28
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 173
    • 0345627962 scopus 로고
    • The origin of the Metazoa
    • (ed., E. C. Dudley, Dioscorides Press, Portland OR
    • Nielsen, C. (1991b). The origin of the Metazoa. In The Unity of Evolutionary Biology (ed. E. C. Dudley), pp. 445-446. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR.
    • (1991) The Unity of Evolutionary Biology , pp. 445-446
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 174
    • 12644286926 scopus 로고
    • Larval and adult characters in animal phylogeny
    • Nielsen, C. (1994). Larval and adult characters in animal phylogeny. American Zoologist 34, 492-501.
    • (1994) American Zoologist , vol.34 , pp. 492-501
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 176
    • 0030499878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three new species of Loxosoma (Entoprocta) from Phuket, Thailand, with a review of the genus
    • Nielsen, C. (1996). Three new species of Loxosoma (Entoprocta) from Phuket, Thailand, with a review of the genus. Zoologica Scripta 25, 61-75.
    • (1996) Zoologica Scripta , vol.25 , pp. 61-75
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 177
    • 0001844895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phylogenetic position of the Arthropoda
    • (ed., R. A. Fortey, R. H. Thomas, Systematics Association/Chapman & Hall, London
    • Nielsen, C. (1998). The phylogenetic position of the Arthropoda. In Arthropod Relationships (ed. R. A. Fortey and R. H. Thomas), pp. 11-22. Systematics Association/Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1998) Arthropod Relationships , pp. 11-22
    • Nielsen, C.1
  • 178
    • 0003207084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entoprocta
    • &, In, (ed., F. W. Harrison, Wiley-Liss, New York
    • Nielsen, C. & Jespersen, A. (1997). Entoprocta. In Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates (ed. F. W. Harrison), vol. 13, pp. 13-43. Wiley-Liss, New York.
    • (1997) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates , vol.13 , pp. 13-43
    • Nielsen, C.1    Jespersen, A.2
  • 180
    • 0005088475 scopus 로고
    • Brooding and development of a serpulid tube worm Salmacina dysteri (Huxley) (Sedentaria; Polychaeta)
    • Nishi, E. & Yamasu, T. (1992). Brooding and development of a serpulid tube worm Salmacina dysteri (Huxley) (Sedentaria; Polychaeta). Bulletin College of Science, University of Ryukyus 54, 107-121.
    • (1992) Bulletin College of Science, University of Ryukyus , vol.54 , pp. 107-121
    • Nishi, E.1    Yamasu, T.2
  • 181
    • 0002528951 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of oribatid mite life histories and consequences for the origin of the Astigmata
    • (ed., M. Houck, Chapman & Hall, New York
    • Norton, R. A. (1994). Evolutionary aspects of oribatid mite life histories and consequences for the origin of the Astigmata. In Mites: Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns (ed. M. Houck), pp. 99-135. Chapman & Hall, New York.
    • (1994) Mites: Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns , pp. 99-135
    • Norton, R.A.1
  • 183
    • 0013001395 scopus 로고
    • On the development and dispersal of Athenaria Actinia with special reference to Halcampa duodecimcirrata, M. Sars
    • 3 pls
    • Nyholm, K.-G. (1949). On the development and dispersal of Athenaria Actinia with special reference to Halcampa duodecimcirrata, M. Sars. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 27, 465-506.3 pls.
    • (1949) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.27 , pp. 465-506
    • Nyholm, K.-G.1
  • 184
    • 0344765451 scopus 로고
    • The development and larval form of Labidoplax buskii
    • 5 pls
    • Nyholm, K.-G (1951). The development and larval form of Labidoplax buskii. Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 29, 239-254.5 pls.
    • (1951) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.29 , pp. 239-254
    • Nyholm, K.-G.1
  • 185
    • 0002338924 scopus 로고
    • On the biology of the prosobranch Lacuna parva in the Øresund
    • Ockelmann, K. W. & Nielsen, C. (1981). On the biology of the prosobranch Lacuna parva in the Øresund. Ophelia 20, 1-16.
    • (1981) Ophelia , vol.20 , pp. 1-16
    • Ockelmann, K.W.1    Nielsen, C.2
  • 186
    • 0002875593 scopus 로고
    • Covariability of reproductive traits in marine invertebrates: Implications for the phylogeny of the lower invertebrates
    • (ed., S. Conway Morris, J. D. George, R. Gibson, H. M. Platt, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Olive, P. J. W. (1985). Covariability of reproductive traits in marine invertebrates: Implications for the phylogeny of the lower invertebrates. In The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates (ed. S. Conway Morris, J. D. George, R. Gibson and H. M. Platt), pp. 42-59. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1985) The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates , pp. 42-59
    • Olive, P.J.W.1
  • 187
    • 0013567360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-histories, speciation, and biodiversity in Mediterranean prosobranch gastropods
    • Oliverio, M. (1996). Life-histories, speciation, and biodiversity in Mediterranean prosobranch gastropods. Vie et Milieu 46, 163-169.
    • (1996) Vie et Milieu , vol.46 , pp. 163-169
    • Oliverio, M.1
  • 188
    • 0002273175 scopus 로고
    • Larval development (with observations on spawning) of the pencil urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis: A new intermediate larval form
    • Olson, R. R., Cameron, J. L. & Young, C. M. (1993). Larval development (with observations on spawning) of the pencil urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis: A new intermediate larval form Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 185, 77-85.
    • (1993) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.185 , pp. 77-85
    • Olson, R.R.1    Cameron, J.L.2    Young, C.M.3
  • 189
    • 0002957478 scopus 로고
    • The ancestral gastropod larval form is best approximated by hatching-stage opisthobranch larvae: Evidence from comparative developmental studies
    • (ed., W. H. Wilson Jr, S. A. Strieker, G. L. Shinn, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
    • Page, L. R. (1994). The ancestral gastropod larval form is best approximated by hatching-stage opisthobranch larvae: Evidence from comparative developmental studies. In Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates (ed. W. H. Wilson Jr, S. A. Strieker and G. L. Shinn), pp. 206-223. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
    • (1994) Reproduction and Development of Marine Invertebrates , pp. 206-223
    • Page, L.R.1
  • 190
    • 0003059432 scopus 로고
    • Direct development in the sea urchin Phyllacanthus parvispinus (Cidaroidea): Phylogenetic history and functional modification
    • Parks, A. L., Bisgrove, B. W., Wray, G. A. & Raff, R. A. (1989). Direct development in the sea urchin Phyllacanthus parvispinus (Cidaroidea): Phylogenetic history and functional modification. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 177, 96-109.
    • (1989) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.177 , pp. 96-109
    • Parks, A.L.1    Bisgrove, B.W.2    Wray, G.A.3    Raff, R.A.4
  • 191
    • 0021572919 scopus 로고
    • The early radiation and phylogeny of echinoderms
    • Paul, C. R. C. & Smith, A. B. (1984). The early radiation and phylogeny of echinoderms. Biological Reviews 59, 443-481.
    • (1984) Biological Reviews , vol.59 , pp. 443-481
    • Paul, C.R.C.1    Smith, A.B.2
  • 192
    • 0000599170 scopus 로고
    • Brooding in the Antarctic: Östergren had it nearly right
    • &, In, (ed., B. David, A. Guille, J.-P. Féral, M. Roux, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam
    • Pearse, J. S. & Bosch, I. (1994). Brooding in the Antarctic: Östergren had it nearly right. In Echinoderms through Time (ed. B. David, A. Guille, J.-P. Féral and M. Roux), pp. 111-120. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
    • (1994) Echinoderms through Time , pp. 111-120
    • Pearse, J.S.1    Bosch, I.2
  • 193
    • 0029860790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracing backbone evolution through a tunicate's lost tail
    • Pennisi, E. (1996). Tracing backbone evolution through a tunicate's lost tail. Nature 274, 1082-1083.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.274 , pp. 1082-1083
    • Pennisi, E.1
  • 194
    • 0002241427 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the life-history of the brachiopod, Terebratella inconspicua Sowerby
    • Percival, E. (1944). A contribution to the life-history of the brachiopod, Terebratella inconspicua Sowerby. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 74, 1-23.
    • (1944) Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand , vol.74 , pp. 1-23
    • Percival, E.1
  • 195
    • 0344765448 scopus 로고
    • Larval growth and metamorphosis of Conus (Gastropoda: Toxoglossa) in Hawaii
    • Perron, F. E. (1981). Larval growth and metamorphosis of Conus (Gastropoda: Toxoglossa) in Hawaii. Pacific Science 35, 25-38.
    • (1981) Pacific Science , vol.35 , pp. 25-38
    • Perron, F.E.1
  • 196
    • 0002237335 scopus 로고
    • Annelida, Polychaeta
    • (ed., S. P. Parker, McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Pettibone, M. H. (1982). Annelida, Polychaeta. In Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms (ed. S. P. Parker), vol. 2, pp. 1-43. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    • (1982) Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms , vol.2 , pp. 1-43
    • Pettibone, M.H.1
  • 197
    • 12644264310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capture of large particles by suspension feeding scaleworm larvae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)
    • Phillips, N. E. & Pernet, B. (1996). Capture of large particles by suspension feeding scaleworm larvae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae). Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 191, 199-208.
    • (1996) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.191 , pp. 199-208
    • Phillips, N.E.1    Pernet, B.2
  • 198
    • 0001300807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastropod phylogeny - challenges for the 90s
    • &, In, (ed., J. D. Taylor, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Ponder, W. F. & Lindberg, D. R. (1996). Gastropod phylogeny - challenges for the 90s. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca (ed. J. D. Taylor), pp. 131-154. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca , pp. 131-154
    • Ponder, W.F.1    Lindberg, D.R.2
  • 200
    • 0023118009 scopus 로고
    • Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins
    • Raff, R. A. (1987). Constraint, flexibility, and phylogenetic history in the evolution of direct development in sea urchins. Developmental Biology 119, 6-19.
    • (1987) Developmental Biology , vol.119 , pp. 6-19
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 201
    • 0026846785 scopus 로고
    • Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development
    • Raff, R. A. (1992). Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development. BioEssays 14, 211-218.
    • (1992) BioEssays , vol.14 , pp. 211-218
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 202
    • 84984085964 scopus 로고
    • The development of Glandiceps (Enteropneusta; Spengelidae)
    • Rao, K. P. (1953). The development of Glandiceps (Enteropneusta; Spengelidae). Journal of Morphology 93, 1-17.
    • (1953) Journal of Morphology , vol.93 , pp. 1-17
    • Rao, K.P.1
  • 203
    • 0001795668 scopus 로고
    • Faunistic and biological notes on marine invertebrates. III. The reproduction and development of some polychaetes from the Isefjord, with some faunistic notes
    • Rasmussen, E. (1956). Faunistic and biological notes on marine invertebrates. III. The reproduction and development of some polychaetes from the Isefjord, with some faunistic notes. Biologiske Meddelelser, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 23 (1), 1-84.
    • (1956) Biologiske Meddelelser, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-84
    • Rasmussen, E.1
  • 204
    • 84915680283 scopus 로고
    • Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna
    • Rasmussen, E. (1973). Systematics and ecology of the Isefjord marine fauna. Ophelia 11, 1-495.
    • (1973) Ophelia , vol.11 , pp. 1-495
    • Rasmussen, E.1
  • 205
    • 0024937917 scopus 로고
    • The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae
    • Reid, D. G. (1989). The comparative morphology, phylogeny and evolution of the gastropod family Littorinidae. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 324, 1-110.
    • (1989) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.324 , pp. 1-110
    • Reid, D.G.1
  • 206
    • 0001782399 scopus 로고
    • A cladistic phylogeny of the genus Littorina (Gastropoda): Implications for evolution of reproductive strategies and for classification
    • Reid, D. G. (1990). A cladistic phylogeny of the genus Littorina (Gastropoda): Implications for evolution of reproductive strategies and for classification. Hydrobiologia 193, 1-19.
    • (1990) Hydrobiologia , vol.193 , pp. 1-19
    • Reid, D.G.1
  • 207
    • 0011915799 scopus 로고
    • Sipuncula: Developmental evidence for phylogenetic inference
    • (ed., S. Conway Morris, J. D. George, R. Gibson, H. M. Platt, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Rice, M. E. (1985). Sipuncula: Developmental evidence for phylogenetic inference. In The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates (ed. S. Conway Morris, J. D. George, R. Gibson and H. M. Platt), pp. 274-296. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1985) The Origins and Relationships of Lower Invertebrates , pp. 274-296
    • Rice, M.E.1
  • 208
    • 0003288503 scopus 로고
    • Observations on development and metamorphosis of Siphonosoma cumaense with comparative remarks on Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula, Sipunculidae)
    • Rice, M. E. (1988). Observations on development and metamorphosis of Siphonosoma cumaense with comparative remarks on Sipunculus nudus (Sipuncula, Sipunculidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 42, 1-15.
    • (1988) Bulletin of Marine Science , vol.42 , pp. 1-15
    • Rice, M.E.1
  • 209
    • 0345195937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metazoa. Artenzahlen, Organisationsstufen
    • Teil 1. Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiers (ed., W. Westheide, R. Rieger, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
    • Rieger, R. (1996). Metazoa. Artenzahlen, Organisationsstufen. In Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 1. Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiers (ed. W. Westheide and R. Rieger), pp. 75-94. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
    • (1996) Spezielle Zoologie , pp. 75-94
    • Rieger, R.1
  • 211
    • 0002041370 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of marine life cycles
    • (ed., M. W. Feldman, Princeton University Press, Princeton
    • Roughgarden, J. (1989). The evolution of marine life cycles. In Mathematical Evolutionary Theory (ed. M. W. Feldman), pp. 270-300. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
    • (1989) Mathematical Evolutionary Theory , pp. 270-300
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 212
    • 0028683419 scopus 로고
    • Broadcasting fables: Is external fertilization really primitive? Sex, size and larvae in sabellid polychaetes
    • Rouse, G. & Fitzhugh, K. (1994). Broadcasting fables: Is external fertilization really primitive? Sex, size and larvae in sabellid polychaetes. Zoologica Scripta 23, 271-312.
    • (1994) Zoologica Scripta , vol.23 , pp. 271-312
    • Rouse, G.1    Fitzhugh, K.2
  • 214
    • 0002710484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early evolution of the Mollusca: The fossil record
    • (ed., J. D. Taylor, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Runnegar, B. (1996). Early evolution of the Mollusca: The fossil record. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca (ed. J. D. Taylor), pp. 77-87. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca , pp. 77-87
    • Runnegar, B.1
  • 215
    • 0002637716 scopus 로고
    • A review of metamorphosis of turbellarian larvae
    • (ed., F.-S. Chia, M. E. Rice, Elsevier, New York
    • Ruppert, E. E. (1978). A review of metamorphosis of turbellarian larvae. In Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (ed. F.-S. Chia and M. E. Rice), pp. 65-81. Elsevier, New York.
    • (1978) Settlement and Metamorphosis of Marine Invertebrate Larvae , pp. 65-81
    • Ruppert, E.E.1
  • 216
    • 0000497166 scopus 로고
    • Nephridia in the larvae of hemichordates and echinoderms
    • Ruppert, E. E. & Balser, E. J. (1986). Nephridia in the larvae of hemichordates and echinoderms. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 171, 188-196.
    • (1986) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.171 , pp. 188-196
    • Ruppert, E.E.1    Balser, E.J.2
  • 218
    • 0002534139 scopus 로고
    • The functional organization of filtration nephridia
    • Ruppert, E. E. & Smith, P. R. (1988). The functional organization of filtration nephridia. Biological Reviews 63, 231-258.
    • (1988) Biological Reviews , vol.63 , pp. 231-258
    • Ruppert, E.E.1    Smith, P.R.2
  • 219
    • 0000474525 scopus 로고
    • The development of Spongilla lacustris from the oocyte to the free larva (Porifera, Spongillidae)
    • Saller, U. & Weissenfels, N. (1985). The development of Spongilla lacustris from the oocyte to the free larva (Porifera, Spongillidae). Zoomorphology 105, 367-374.
    • (1985) Zoomorphology , vol.105 , pp. 367-374
    • Saller, U.1    Weissenfels, N.2
  • 220
    • 0000632729 scopus 로고
    • Was ist eine Trochophora? Eine Analyse der Larventypen mariner Protostomier
    • Salvini-Plawen, L. (1980). Was ist eine Trochophora? Eine Analyse der Larventypen mariner Protostomier. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Anatomie 103, 389-423.
    • (1980) Zoologische Jahrbücher, Anatomie , vol.103 , pp. 389-423
    • Salvini-Plawen, L.1
  • 221
    • 0002251910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synapomorphies and plesiomorphies in higher classification of Mollusca
    • &, In, (ed., J. Taylor, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Salvini-Plawen, L. & Steiner, G. (1996). Synapomorphies and plesiomorphies in higher classification of Mollusca. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca (ed. J. Taylor), pp. 29-51. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca , pp. 29-51
    • Salvini-Plawen, L.1    Steiner, G.2
  • 222
    • 0002627729 scopus 로고
    • Brutkammern der Stenolaemata (Bryozoa): Konstruktionsmorphologie und phylogenetische Bedeutung
    • Schäfer, P. (1991). Brutkammern der Stenolaemata (Bryozoa): Konstruktionsmorphologie und phylogenetische Bedeutung. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 136, 1-269.
    • (1991) Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg , vol.136 , pp. 1-269
    • Schäfer, P.1
  • 223
    • 0003059675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic position of Sipuncula, Mollusca and the progenetic Aplacophora
    • (ed., J. D. Taylor, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Scheltema, A. H. (1996). Phylogenetic position of Sipuncula, Mollusca and the progenetic Aplacophora. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca (ed. J. D. Taylor), pp. 53-58. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1996) Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca , pp. 53-58
    • Scheltema, A.H.1
  • 224
    • 0026295663 scopus 로고
    • Cladistic analysis of metazoan phyla and the placement of fossil problematica
    • (ed., A. M. Simonetta, S. Conway Morris, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Schram, F. R. (1991). Cladistic analysis of metazoan phyla and the placement of fossil problematica. In The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa (ed. A. M. Simonetta and S. Conway Morris), pp. 35-46. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1991) The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa , pp. 35-46
    • Schram, F.R.1
  • 227
    • 0041051876 scopus 로고
    • Die Entwicklung der Synapta digitata und die Stammesgeschichte der Echinodermen
    • Semon, R. (1888). Die Entwicklung der Synapta digitata und die Stammesgeschichte der Echinodermen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 22, 1-135.
    • (1888) Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft , vol.22 , pp. 1-135
    • Semon, R.1
  • 228
    • 0016334083 scopus 로고
    • A description of the embryology, larval development, and feeding of the sea anemones Anthopleura elegantissima and A. Xanthogrammica
    • Siebert, A. E., Jr. (1974). A description of the embryology, larval development, and feeding of the sea anemones Anthopleura elegantissima and A. xanthogrammica. Canadian Journal of Zoology 52, 1383-1388.
    • (1974) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.52 , pp. 1383-1388
    • Siebert, A.E.1
  • 229
    • 0003512486 scopus 로고
    • Origin and early radiation of the Metazoa
    • &, In, (ed., J. H. Lipps, P. W. Signer, Plenum Press, New York
    • Signor, P. W. & Lipps, J. H. (1992). Origin and early radiation of the Metazoa. In Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa (ed. J. H. Lipps and P. W. Signer), pp. 3-23. Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1992) Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa , pp. 3-23
    • Signor, P.W.1    Lipps, J.H.2
  • 230
    • 0040880690 scopus 로고
    • Developmental biology of Phoronidea of the Gullmar Fiord area (West coast of Sweden)
    • Silén, L. (1954). Developmental biology of Phoronidea of the Gullmar Fiord area (West coast of Sweden). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 35, 215-257.
    • (1954) Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) , vol.35 , pp. 215-257
    • Silén, L.1
  • 232
    • 0000794712 scopus 로고
    • Metamorphosis of Stichopus californicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and its phylogenetic implications
    • Smiley, S. (1986). Metamorphosis of Stichopus californicus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and its phylogenetic implications. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 171, 611-631.
    • (1986) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.171 , pp. 611-631
    • Smiley, S.1
  • 233
    • 0000139597 scopus 로고
    • Echinodermata: Holothuroidea
    • &, In, (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, V. B. Pearse, Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove CA
    • Smiley, S., McEuen, F. S., Chaffee, C. & Krishnan, S. (1991). Echinodermata: Holothuroidea. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse), vol. 6, pp. 663-750. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA.
    • (1991) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.6 , pp. 663-750
    • Smiley, S.1    McEuen, F.S.2    Chaffee, C.3    Krishnan, S.4
  • 234
    • 0001917921 scopus 로고
    • Fossil evidence for the relationships of extant echinoderm classes and their times of divergence
    • (ed., C. R. C. Paul, A. B. Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Smith, A. B. (1988). Fossil evidence for the relationships of extant echinoderm classes and their times of divergence. In Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology (ed. C. R. C. Paul and A. B. Smith), pp. 85-97. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology , pp. 85-97
    • Smith, A.B.1
  • 235
    • 0027129017 scopus 로고
    • Comparative variation of morphological and molecular evolution through geologic time: 28S ribosomal RNA versus morphology in echinoids
    • Smith, A. B., Lafay, B. & Christen, R. (1992). Comparative variation of morphological and molecular evolution through geologic time: 28S ribosomal RNA versus morphology in echinoids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 338, 365-382.
    • (1992) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.338 , pp. 365-382
    • Smith, A.B.1    Lafay, B.2    Christen, R.3
  • 236
    • 21844488409 scopus 로고
    • Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: Morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives
    • Smith, A. B., Paterson, G. L. S. & Lafay, B. (1995a). Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: Morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114, 213-243.
    • (1995) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.114 , pp. 213-243
    • Smith, A.B.1    Paterson, G.L.S.2    Lafay, B.3
  • 237
    • 0029471834 scopus 로고
    • Comparing patterns of evolution: Larval and adult life history stages and ribosomal RNA of post-Paleozoic echinoids
    • Smith, A. B., Littlewood, D. T J. & Wray, G. A. (1995b). Comparing patterns of evolution: Larval and adult life history stages and ribosomal RNA of post-Paleozoic echinoids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 349, 11-18.
    • (1995) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B , vol.349 , pp. 11-18
    • Smith, A.B.1    Littlewood, D.T.J.2    Wray, G.A.3
  • 238
    • 0027301017 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of echinoderm classes based on mitochondrial gene arrangements
    • Smith, M. J., Arndt, A., Gorski, S. & Fajber, E. (1993). The phylogeny of echinoderm classes based on mitochondrial gene arrangements. Journal of Molecular Evolution 36, 545-554.
    • (1993) Journal of Molecular Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 545-554
    • Smith, M.J.1    Arndt, A.2    Gorski, S.3    Fajber, E.4
  • 239
    • 0025360145 scopus 로고
    • Single-copy DNA distance between two congeneric sea urchin species exhibiting radically different modes of development
    • Smith, M. J., Boom, J. D. G. & Raff, R. A. (1990). Single-copy DNA distance between two congeneric sea urchin species exhibiting radically different modes of development. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7, 315-326.
    • (1990) Molecular Biology and Evolution , vol.7 , pp. 315-326
    • Smith, M.J.1    Boom, J.D.G.2    Raff, R.A.3
  • 240
    • 0000971993 scopus 로고
    • Larval development and metamorphosis of Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae)
    • Smith, P. R. & Chia, F.-S. (1985). Larval development and metamorphosis of Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, 1037-1049.
    • (1985) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.63 , pp. 1037-1049
    • Smith, P.R.1    Chia, F.-S.2
  • 241
    • 0007497281 scopus 로고
    • A deuterostome-like nephridium in the mitraria larva of Owenia fusiformis (Polychaeta, Annelida)
    • Smith, P. R., Ruppert, E. E. & Gardiner, S. L. (1987). A deuterostome-like nephridium in the mitraria larva of Owenia fusiformis (Polychaeta, Annelida). Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 172, 315-323.
    • (1987) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.172 , pp. 315-323
    • Smith, P.R.1    Ruppert, E.E.2    Gardiner, S.L.3
  • 242
    • 84972054539 scopus 로고
    • Development of the gut and segmentation of newly settled stages of Ridgeia (Vestimentifera): Implications for relationships between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora
    • Southward, E. C. (1988). Development of the gut and segmentation of newly settled stages of Ridgeia (Vestimentifera): Implications for relationships between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, 465-487.
    • (1988) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , vol.68 , pp. 465-487
    • Southward, E.C.1
  • 243
    • 0344333394 scopus 로고
    • Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Gephyreen. I. Die Eibildung, die Entwicklung und das Männchen der Bonellia
    • pls 8-12
    • Spengel, J. W. (1879). Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Gephyreen. I. Die Eibildung, die Entwicklung und das Männchen der Bonellia. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel 1, 357-419.pls 8-12.
    • (1879) Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel , vol.1 , pp. 357-419
    • Spengel, J.W.1
  • 245
    • 49649150844 scopus 로고
    • The feeding behaviour of planktotrophic echinoderm larvae: Mechanisms, regulation, and rates of suspension feeding
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1971). The feeding behaviour of planktotrophic echinoderm larvae: Mechanisms, regulation, and rates of suspension feeding. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 6, 109-160.
    • (1971) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.6 , pp. 109-160
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 246
    • 0000511923 scopus 로고
    • Function of lateral cilia in suspension feeding of lophophorates (Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Ectoprocta)
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1973). Function of lateral cilia in suspension feeding of lophophorates (Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Ectoprocta). Marine Biology (Berlin) 23, 129-136.
    • (1973) Marine Biology (Berlin) , vol.23 , pp. 129-136
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 247
    • 0001353961 scopus 로고
    • Larval feeding in echinoderms
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1975). Larval feeding in echinoderms. American Zoologist 15, 717-730.
    • (1975) American Zoologist , vol.15 , pp. 717-730
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 248
    • 0001095073 scopus 로고
    • The evolution and loss of feeding larval stages of marine invertebrates
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1978a). The evolution and loss of feeding larval stages of marine invertebrates. Evolution 32, 894-906.
    • (1978) Evolution , vol.32 , pp. 894-906
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 249
    • 0001095073 scopus 로고
    • Progressive vacating of adaptive types during the Phanerozoic
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1978b). Progressive vacating of adaptive types during the Phanerozoic. Evolution 32, 907-914.
    • (1978) Evolution , vol.32 , pp. 907-914
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 250
    • 0022167566 scopus 로고
    • Feeding and nonfeeding larval development and life-history evolution in marine invertebrates
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1985). Feeding and nonfeeding larval development and life-history evolution in marine invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16, 339-361.
    • (1985) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.16 , pp. 339-361
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 251
    • 0001503528 scopus 로고
    • Larval feeding
    • (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, V. B. Pearse, Blackwell, Palo Alto
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1987). Larval feeding. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse), vol. 9, pp. 465-550. Blackwell, Palo Alto.
    • (1987) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.9 , pp. 465-550
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 252
    • 0002485792 scopus 로고
    • Larvae, phylogeny, and von Baer's law
    • (ed., C. R. C. Paul, A. B. Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Strathmann, R. R. (1988). Larvae, phylogeny, and von Baer's law. In Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology (ed. C. R. C. Paul and A. B. Smith), pp. 53-68. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (1988) Echinoderm Phylogeny and Evolutionary Biology , pp. 53-68
    • Strathmann, R.R.1
  • 254
    • 0001540053 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary feeding of tornaria larvae of Ptychodera flava (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta)
    • Strathmann, R. & Bonar, D. (1976). Ciliary feeding of tornaria larvae of Ptychodera flava (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta). Marine Biology (Berlin) 34, 317-324.
    • (1976) Marine Biology (Berlin) , vol.34 , pp. 317-324
    • Strathmann, R.1    Bonar, D.2
  • 255
    • 0001244468 scopus 로고
    • Suspension feeding by marine invertebrate larvae: Clearance of particles by ciliated bands of a rotifer, pluteus, and trochophore
    • Strathmann, R. R., Jahn, T. L. & Fonseca, J. R. (1972). Suspension feeding by marine invertebrate larvae: Clearance of particles by ciliated bands of a rotifer, pluteus, and trochophore. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 142, 505-519.
    • (1972) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.142 , pp. 505-519
    • Strathmann, R.R.1    Jahn, T.L.2    Fonseca, J.R.3
  • 256
    • 84988038593 scopus 로고
    • On feeding mechanisms and clearance rates of molluscan veligers
    • Strathmann, R. R. & Leise, E. (1979). On feeding mechanisms and clearance rates of molluscan veligers. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 157, 524-535.
    • (1979) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.157 , pp. 524-535
    • Strathmann, R.R.1    Leise, E.2
  • 257
    • 0001579918 scopus 로고
    • Cyphonautes' ciliary sieve breaks a biological rule of inference
    • Strathmann, R. R. & McEdward, L. R. (1986). Cyphonautes' ciliary sieve breaks a biological rule of inference. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 171, 754-760.
    • (1986) Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) , vol.171 , pp. 754-760
    • Strathmann, R.R.1    McEdward, L.R.2
  • 258
    • 0029912767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of the Manx gene for expression of chordate features in a tailless ascidian larva
    • Swalla, B. J. & Jeffery, W. R. (1996). Requirement of the Manx gene for expression of chordate features in a tailless ascidian larva. Science 274, 1205-1208.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 1205-1208
    • Swalla, B.J.1    Jeffery, W.R.2
  • 259
    • 0009896118 scopus 로고
    • The ancestrula and early growth pattern in two primitive cheilostome bryozoans: Pyripora catenularia (Fleming) and Pyriporopsis portlandensis Pohowsky
    • Taylor, P. D. (1986). The ancestrula and early growth pattern in two primitive cheilostome bryozoans: Pyripora catenularia (Fleming) and Pyriporopsis portlandensis Pohowsky. Journal of Natural History 20, 101-110.
    • (1986) Journal of Natural History , vol.20 , pp. 101-110
    • Taylor, P.D.1
  • 260
    • 0024196260 scopus 로고
    • Major radiation of cheilostome bryozoans: Triggered by the evolution of a new larval type
    • Taylor, P. D. (1988). Major radiation of cheilostome bryozoans: Triggered by the evolution of a new larval type Historical Biology 1, 45-64.
    • (1988) Historical Biology , vol.1 , pp. 45-64
    • Taylor, P.D.1
  • 261
    • 0025590458 scopus 로고
    • Bioimmured ctenostomes from the Jurassic and the origin of the cheilostome Bryozoa
    • Taylor, P. D. (1990). Bioimmured ctenostomes from the Jurassic and the origin of the cheilostome Bryozoa. Palaeontology 33, 19-34.
    • (1990) Palaeontology , vol.33 , pp. 19-34
    • Taylor, P.D.1
  • 262
    • 0001334833 scopus 로고
    • Bryozoa
    • (ed., M. J. Benton, Chapman & Hall, London
    • Taylor, P. O. (1993). Bryozoa. In The Fossil Record 2 (ed. M. J. Benton), pp. 465-489. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1993) The Fossil Record 2 , pp. 465-489
    • Taylor, P.O.1
  • 264
    • 85040439155 scopus 로고
    • InProceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney (ed., P. A. Hutchings, The Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney
    • Ten Hove, H. A. (1984). Towards a phylogeny in serpulids (Annelida; Polychaeta). In Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney (ed. P. A. Hutchings), pp. 181-196. The Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney.
    • (1984) Towards a phylogeny in serpulids (Annelida; Polychaeta) , pp. 181-196
    • Ten Hove, H.A.1
  • 265
    • 0000885415 scopus 로고
    • The development of Neomenia carinata Tullberg (Mollusca Aplacophora)
    • Thompson, T. E. (1960). The development of Neomenia carinata Tullberg (Mollusca Aplacophora). Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) B 153, 263-278.
    • (1960) Proceedings of the Royal Society (London) B , vol.153 , pp. 263-278
    • Thompson, T.E.1
  • 266
    • 0002797207 scopus 로고
    • Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates, with special reference to the planktonic larvae in the Sound (Øresund)
    • Thorson, G. (1946). Reproduction and larval development of Danish marine bottom invertebrates, with special reference to the planktonic larvae in the Sound (Øresund). Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeriog Havundersøgelser, Plankton 4, 1-523.
    • (1946) Meddelelser fra Kommissionen for Danmarks Fiskeriog Havundersøgelser, Plankton , vol.4 , pp. 1-523
    • Thorson, G.1
  • 267
    • 84924921603 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates
    • Thorson, G. (1950). Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates. Biological Reviews 25, 1-45.
    • (1950) Biological Reviews , vol.25 , pp. 1-45
    • Thorson, G.1
  • 269
    • 0030208461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny of the Asteroidea suggests the primitiveness of the Paxillosida
    • Wada, H., Komatsu, M. & Satoh, N. (1996). Mitochondrial rDNA phylogeny of the Asteroidea suggests the primitiveness of the Paxillosida. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6, 97-106.
    • (1996) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , vol.6 , pp. 97-106
    • Wada, H.1    Komatsu, M.2    Satoh, N.3
  • 271
    • 0002416924 scopus 로고
    • The Upper Cambrian Rehbachiella and the phylogeny of Branchiopoda and Crustacea
    • Walossek, D. (1993). The Upper Cambrian Rehbachiella and the phylogeny of Branchiopoda and Crustacea. Fossils & Strata 32, 1-202.
    • (1993) Fossils & Strata , vol.32 , pp. 1-202
    • Walossek, D.1
  • 272
    • 0001284177 scopus 로고
    • Beobachtungen über den Nahrungserwerb und die Metamorphose der Metatrochophora von Chaetopterus variopedatus Renier u. Claparède (Polychaeta Sedentaria)
    • Werner, B. (1953). Beobachtungen über den Nahrungserwerb und die Metamorphose der Metatrochophora von Chaetopterus variopedatus Renier u. Claparède (Polychaeta Sedentaria). Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 4, 225-238.
    • (1953) Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen , vol.4 , pp. 225-238
    • Werner, B.1
  • 273
    • 0000294087 scopus 로고
    • Über die Anatomic, die Entwicklung und Biologic des Veligers und der Veliconcha von Crepidula fornicata L. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)
    • Werner, B. (1955). Über die Anatomic, die Entwicklung und Biologic des Veligers und der Veliconcha von Crepidula fornicata L. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 5, 169-217.
    • (1955) Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen , vol.5 , pp. 169-217
    • Werner, B.1
  • 274
    • 0002853232 scopus 로고
    • Stamm Cnidaria, Nesseltiere
    • 4th ed.,) (ed., H.-E. Gruner, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
    • Werner, B. (1984). Stamm Cnidaria, Nesseltiere. In A. Kaestner's Lehrbuch der speziellen Zoologie (4th ed.) (ed. H.-E. Gruner), vol. 2, pp. 11-305. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
    • (1984) A. Kaestner's Lehrbuch der speziellen Zoologie , vol.2 , pp. 11-305
    • Werner, B.1
  • 275
    • 0042309119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annelida, Ringelwürmer
    • &, In, Teil 1. Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere (ed., W. Westheide, R. Rieger, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart
    • Westheide, W. & Purschke, G. (1996). Annelida, Ringelwürmer. In Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 1. Einzeller und Wirbellose Tiere (ed. W. Westheide and R. Rieger), pp. 353-410. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart.
    • (1996) Spezielle Zoologie , pp. 353-410
    • Westheide, W.1    Purschke, G.2
  • 276
    • 0000477045 scopus 로고
    • On the morphology and development in some cnidarian larvae
    • Widersten, B. (1968). On the morphology and development in some cnidarian larvae, Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala 37, 139-182.
    • (1968) Zoologiska Bidrag från Uppsala , vol.37 , pp. 139-182
    • Widersten, B.1
  • 279
    • 0031059425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergent evolution in invertebrates
    • Willmer, P. & Moore, J. (1997). Convergent evolution in invertebrates. Biological Reviews 72, 1-60.
    • (1997) Biological Reviews , vol.72 , pp. 1-60
    • Willmer, P.1    Moore, J.2
  • 280
    • 0344765429 scopus 로고
    • Problematica
    • &, In, (ed., M. J. Benton, Chapman & Hall, London
    • Wills, M. A. & Sepkoski, J. J., Jr. (1993). Problematica. In The Fossil Record 2 (ed. M. J. Benton), pp. 543-554. Chapman & Hall, London.
    • (1993) The Fossil Record 2 , pp. 543-554
    • Wills, M.A.1    Sepkoski, J.J.2
  • 284
    • 84972047895 scopus 로고
    • The larval development of three species of Magelona (Polychaeta) from localities near Plymouth
    • Wilson, D. P. (1982). The larval development of three species of Magelona (Polychaeta) from localities near Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 62, 385-401.
    • (1982) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , vol.62 , pp. 385-401
    • Wilson, D.P.1
  • 285
    • 0028569623 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary origin of development: Cycles, patterning, privilege and continuity
    • Wolpert, L. (1994). The evolutionary origin of development: Cycles, patterning, privilege and continuity. Development 1994 supplement, 79-84.
    • (1994) Development , vol.1994 , pp. 79-84
    • Wolpert, L.1
  • 286
    • 0006532006 scopus 로고
    • Trocliophora-Studien I. Histologie der Larve und die Entstehung des Annelids bei den Polygordius-Arten der Nordsee
    • Woltereck, R. (1902). Trocliophora-Studien I. Histologie der Larve und die Entstehung des Annelids bei den Polygordius-Arten der Nordsee. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 13, 1-71.
    • (1902) Zoologica (Stuttgart) , vol.13 , pp. 1-71
    • Woltereck, R.1
  • 287
    • 0027143398 scopus 로고
    • Structure and swimming behavior of the larva of Haliclona tubifera (Porifera: Demospongiae)
    • Woollacott, R. M. (1993). Structure and swimming behavior of the larva of Haliclona tubifera (Porifera: Demospongiae). Journal of Morphology 218, 301-321.
    • (1993) Journal of Morphology , vol.218 , pp. 301-321
    • Woollacott, R.M.1
  • 288
    • 0027036584 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of larval morphology during the post-paleozoic radiation of echinoderms
    • Wray, G. A. (1992). The evolution of larval morphology during the post-paleozoic radiation of echinoderms. Paleobiology 18, 258-287.
    • (1992) Paleobiology , vol.18 , pp. 258-287
    • Wray, G.A.1
  • 289
    • 21844488247 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cell lineage in echinoderms
    • Wray, G. A. (1994). The evolution of cell lineage in echinoderms. American Zoologist 34, 353-363.
    • (1994) American Zoologist , vol.34 , pp. 353-363
    • Wray, G.A.1
  • 290
    • 0002884206 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of larvae and developmental modes
    • (ed., L. McEdward, CRC Press, Boca Raton
    • Wray, G. A. (1995a). Evolution of larvae and developmental modes. In Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae (ed. L. McEdward), pp. 413-447. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
    • (1995) Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae , pp. 413-447
    • Wray, G.A.1
  • 291
    • 0028958374 scopus 로고
    • Punctuated evolution of embryos
    • Wray, G. A. (1995b). Punctuated evolution of embryos. Science 267, 1115-1116.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1115-1116
    • Wray, G.A.1
  • 292
    • 0030313331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in echinoids
    • Wray, G. A. (1996). Parallel evolution of nonfeeding larvae in echinoids. Systematic Biology 45, 308-322.
    • (1996) Systematic Biology , vol.45 , pp. 308-322
    • Wray, G.A.1
  • 293
    • 0028560355 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of echinoderm development is driven by several distinct factors
    • Wray, G. A. & Bely, A. E. (1994). The evolution of echinoderm development is driven by several distinct factors. Development 1994 supplement, 97-106.
    • (1994) Development , vol.1994 , pp. 97-106
    • Wray, G.A.1    Bely, A.E.2
  • 294
    • 0030425648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla
    • Wray, G. A., Levinton, J. S. & Shapiro, L. H. (1996). Molecular evidence for deep Precambrian divergences among metazoan phyla. Science 274, 568-573.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 568-573
    • Wray, G.A.1    Levinton, J.S.2    Shapiro, L.H.3
  • 295
    • 0025179169 scopus 로고
    • Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
    • Wray, G. A. & Raff, R. A. (1990). Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Developmental Biology 141, 41-54.
    • (1990) Developmental Biology , vol.141 , pp. 41-54
    • Wray, G.A.1    Raff, R.A.2
  • 296
    • 0004013527 scopus 로고
    • Rapid evolution of gastrulation mechanisms in a sea urchin with lecithotrophic larvae
    • Wray, G. A. & Raff, R. A. (1991). Rapid evolution of gastrulation mechanisms in a sea urchin with lecithotrophic larvae. Evolution 45, 1741-1750.
    • (1991) Evolution , vol.45 , pp. 1741-1750
    • Wray, G.A.1    Raff, R.A.2
  • 298
    • 0003867780 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive Biology and Development of Phoronida
    • University of Washington
    • Zimmer, R. L. (1964). Reproductive Biology and Development of Phoronida. Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington.
    • (1964) Ph.D. Thesis
    • Zimmer, R.L.1
  • 299
    • 0002707798 scopus 로고
    • Phoronida
    • (ed., A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse, V. B. Pearse, Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove CA
    • Zimmer, R. L. (1991). Phoronida. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates (ed. A. C. Giese, J. S. Pearse and V. B. Pearse), vol. 6, pp. 1-45. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, CA.
    • (1991) Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates , vol.6 , pp. 1-45
    • Zimmer, R.L.1
  • 300
    • 0008083150 scopus 로고
    • Structure and classification of gymnolaemate larvae
    • &, In, (ed., R. M. Woollacott, R. L. Zimmer, Academic Press, New York
    • Zimmer, R. L. & Woollacott, R. M. (1977). Structure and classification of gymnolaemate larvae. In Biology of Bryozoans (ed. R. M. Woollacott and R. L. Zimmer), pp. 57-89. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1977) Biology of Bryozoans , pp. 57-89
    • Zimmer, R.L.1    Woollacott, R.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.