메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue , 2000, Pages 133-159

Seismic anisotropy in the boundary layers of the mantle

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85040134015     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/GM117p0133     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (100)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 0029527667 scopus 로고
    • Small-scale sublithospheric continental deformation: Constraints from SKS splitting observations
    • Alsina, D. and R. K. Snieder, Small-scale sublithospheric continental deformation: constraints from SKS splitting observations, Geophys. J. Int., 123, 431-448, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.123 , pp. 431-448
    • Alsina, D.1    Snieder, R.K.2
  • 2
    • 0000306303 scopus 로고
    • Elastic wave propagation in layered anisotropic media
    • Anderson, D. L., Elastic wave propagation in layered anisotropic media, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 277-296, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 277-296
    • Anderson, D.L.1
  • 3
    • 0021642920 scopus 로고
    • ScS polarization anisotropy around the Pacific Ocean
    • Ando, M., ScS polarization anisotropy around the Pacific Ocean, J. Phys. Earth, 32, 179-196, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Phys. Earth , vol.32 , pp. 179-196
    • Ando, M.1
  • 4
    • 0024484806 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy beneath 9 stations of the geoscope broadband network deduced from shearwave splitting
    • Ansel, V., and H-C. Nataf, Anisotropy beneath 9 stations of the geoscope broadband network deduced from shearwave splitting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 409-412, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 409-412
    • Ansel, V.1    Nataf, H.-C.2
  • 5
    • 0000969212 scopus 로고
    • Syntectonic recrystallization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantle
    • Ave’Lallement, H. G. and N. L. Carter, Syntectonic recrystallization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantle, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 81, 2203-2220, 1970.
    • (1970) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.81 , pp. 2203-2220
    • Ave’Lallement, H.G.1    Carter, N.L.2
  • 7
    • 0041629602 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy of the subcrustal lithosphere in Europe: Another clue to recognition of accreted terranes?
    • J. W. Hillhouse (ed.)
    • Babuska, V. and J. Plomerova, Seismic anisotropy of the subcrustal lithosphere in Europe: Another clue to recognition of accreted terranes?, in Deep structure and past kinematics of accreted terranes, AGU Geophys. monograph, J. W. Hillhouse (ed.), 50, 209-217, 1989.
    • (1989) Deep Structure and past Kinematics of Accreted Terranes, AGU Geophys. Monograph , vol.50 , pp. 209-217
    • Babuska, V.1    Plomerova, J.2
  • 8
    • 33750498334 scopus 로고
    • Decomposition of the anisotropic elastic tensor in base tensors
    • Baerheim, R. and K. Helbig, Decomposition of the anisotropic elastic tensor in base tensors, Can. J. Explor. Geophys., 29, 41-50, 1993.
    • (1993) Can. J. Explor. Geophys. , vol.29 , pp. 41-50
    • Baerheim, R.1    Helbig, K.2
  • 9
    • 0001227273 scopus 로고
    • Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering
    • Backus, G. E., Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 4427-4440, 1962.
    • (1962) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.67 , pp. 4427-4440
    • Backus, G.E.1
  • 10
    • 0001054593 scopus 로고
    • Possible forms of seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans
    • Backus, G. E., Possible forms of seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 3429-3439, 1965.
    • (1965) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 3429-3439
    • Backus, G.E.1
  • 11
    • 0013141556 scopus 로고
    • Pnvelocity anisotropy in a continental upper mantle
    • n velocity anisotropy in a continental upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. Atro. Soc, 57, 397-529, 1977.
    • (1977) Geophys. J. R. Atro. Soc , vol.57 , pp. 397-529
    • Bamford, D.1
  • 12
    • 0013088346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Geoscope stations
    • Barruol, G. and R. Hoffmann, Upper mantle anisotropy beneath Geoscope stations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 10757-10774, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 10757-10774
    • Barruol, G.1    Hoffmann, R.2
  • 13
    • 0030776701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear wave splitting in the eastern U.S.: Deep structure of a complex continental plate
    • Barruol, G., P. G. Silver and A. Vauchez, Shear wave splitting in the eastern U.S.: deep structure of a complex continental plate, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8329-8348, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8329-8348
    • Barruol, G.1    Silver, P.G.2    Vauchez, A.3
  • 14
    • 0024258269 scopus 로고
    • Inhomogeneities near the core-mantle boundary inferred from short-period scattered PKPwaves recorded at the global digital seismic network
    • Bataille, K. and S. M. Flatte, Inhomogeneities near the core-mantle boundary inferred from short-period scattered PKP waves recorded at the global digital seismic network, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15,057-15,064, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res , vol.93
    • Bataille, K.1    Flatte, S.M.2
  • 16
    • 0032582894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An olivine fabric database: An overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy
    • Ben Ismail, W. and D. Mainprice, An olivine fabric database: an overview of upper mantle fabrics and seismic anisotropy, Tectonophysics, 296, 145-157, 1998.
    • (1998) Tectonophysics , vol.296 , pp. 145-157
    • Ben Ismail, W.1    Mainprice, D.2
  • 17
    • 0030732948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of teleseismic body waves to mineral texture and melt in the mantle beneath a mid-ocean ridge
    • Blackman, D. K. and J-M. Kendall, Sensitivity of teleseismic body waves to mineral texture and melt in the mantle beneath a mid-ocean ridge, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 355, 217-231, 1997.
    • (1997) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A , vol.355 , pp. 217-231
    • Blackman, D.K.1    Kendall, J.-M.2
  • 18
    • 0027788305 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath an oceanic spreading center
    • Blackman, D. K., J. A. Orcutt, J. A. Forsyth and J-M. Kendall, Seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath an oceanic spreading center, Nature, 366, 675-677, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.366 , pp. 675-677
    • Blackman, D.K.1    Orcutt, J.A.2    Forsyth, J.A.3    Kendall, J.-M.4
  • 19
    • 0030430888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teleseismic imaging of subaxial flow at mid-ocean ridges: Travel-time effects of anisotropic mineral texture in the mantle
    • Blackman, D. K., J-M. Kendall, P. Dawson, H-R. Wenk, D. Boyce and J. Phipps Morgan, Teleseismic imaging of subaxial flow at mid-ocean ridges: travel-time effects of anisotropic mineral texture in the mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 127, 415-426, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.127 , pp. 415-426
    • Blackman, D.K.1    Kendall, J.-M.2    Dawson, P.3    Wenk, H.-R.4    Boyce, D.5    Phipps Morgan, J.6
  • 20
    • 0031443209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic upper-mantle stratigraphy and architecture of the Slave craton
    • Bostock, M. G., Anisotropic upper-mantle stratigraphy and architecture of the Slave craton, Nature, 390, 392-395, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 392-395
    • Bostock, M.G.1
  • 21
    • 0033006605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic structure of the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand: Integrated interpretation of surface-wave and body-wave observations
    • Brisbourne, A., G. W. Stuart and J-M. Kendall, Anisotropic structure of the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand: Integrated interpretation of surface-wave and body-wave observations, Geophys. J. Int., 137, 214-230, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.137 , pp. 214-230
    • Brisbourne, A.1    Stuart, G.W.2    Kendall, J.-M.3
  • 22
    • 0024927276 scopus 로고
    • Focussed mantle upwelling below mid-ocean ridges due to feedback between viscosity and melting
    • Buck, W. R. and W. Su, Focussed mantle upwelling below mid-ocean ridges due to feedback between viscosity and melting, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 641-644, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.16 , pp. 641-644
    • Buck, W.R.1    Su, W.2
  • 23
    • 0027883296 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic convection with implications for the upper mantle
    • Chastel, T.B, P. R. Dawson, H-R. Wenk and K. Bennett, Anisotropic convection with implications for the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 17,1757-17,771, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res , vol.98
    • Chastel, T.B.1    Dawson, P.R.2    Wenk, H.-R.3    Bennett, K.4
  • 24
    • 0028564442 scopus 로고
    • Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the convecting mantle
    • Christensen, U. R. and A. W. Hofmann, Segregation of subducted oceanic crust in the convecting mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19867-19884, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 19867-19884
    • Christensen, U.R.1    Hofmann, A.W.2
  • 25
    • 17044398188 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of body waves in transversely isotropic Earth models
    • Cormier, V., Synthesis of body waves in transversely isotropic Earth models, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 76, 231-240, 1986.
    • (1986) Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer. , vol.76 , pp. 231-240
    • Cormier, V.1
  • 26
    • 84982366438 scopus 로고
    • Distinctive particle motion of surface waves as a diagnostic of anisotropic layering
    • Crampin, S., Distinctive particle motion of surface waves as a diagnostic of anisotropic layering, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 40, 177-186, 1975.
    • (1975) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.40 , pp. 177-186
    • Crampin, S.1
  • 27
    • 85040111001 scopus 로고
    • A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves
    • Crampin, S., A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 53, 467-496, 1977.
    • (1977) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.53 , pp. 467-496
    • Crampin, S.1
  • 28
    • 0021598950 scopus 로고
    • Effective elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids
    • Crampin, S., Effective elastic constants for wave propagation through cracked solids, Geophys. J. R. Atro. Soc, 76, 1984.
    • (1984) Geophys. J. R. Atro. Soc , pp. 76
    • Crampin, S.1
  • 29
    • 0001270048 scopus 로고
    • Interaction of mantle dregs with convection: Lateral heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary
    • Davies, G. F. and M. Gurnis, Interaction of mantle dregs with convection: lateral heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 1517-1520, 1986.
    • (1986) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.13 , pp. 1517-1520
    • Davies, G.F.1    Gurnis, M.2
  • 30
    • 84984497430 scopus 로고
    • P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the mantle
    • Doornbos, D. J. and J. C. Mondt, P and S waves diffracted around the core and the velocity structure at the base of the mantle, Geophys. J. Roy. astro. Soc, 57, 381-395, 1979.
    • (1979) Geophys. J. Roy. Astro. Soc , vol.57 , pp. 381-395
    • Doornbos, D.J.1    Mondt, J.C.2
  • 31
    • 0022912704 scopus 로고
    • Seismological properties of D" and the structure of a thermal boundary layer
    • Doornbos, D. J., S. Spiliopoulos, F. D. Stacey, Seismological properties of D" and the structure of a thermal boundary layer, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 41, 225-239, 1986.
    • (1986) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.41 , pp. 225-239
    • Doornbos, D.J.1    Spiliopoulos, S.2    Stacey, F.D.3
  • 32
    • 0000929676 scopus 로고
    • The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems
    • Eshelby, J. D., The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems, Pros. R. Soc, A241, 376-396, 1957.
    • (1957) Pros. R. Soc , vol.A241 , pp. 376-396
    • Eshelby, J.D.1
  • 33
    • 0028254364 scopus 로고
    • Intergranular basaltic melt is distributed in thin, elongated inclusions
    • Faul, U., D. R. Toomey and H. S. Waff, Intergranular basaltic melt is distributed in thin, elongated inclusions, Geophys. Res. Lett, 21, 29-32, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.21 , pp. 29-32
    • Faul, U.1    Toomey, D.R.2    Waff, H.S.3
  • 34
    • 0029811035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The depth distribution of of mantle anisotropy beneath the Tonga subduction zone
    • Fischer, K. and D. Wiens, The depth distribution of of mantle anisotropy beneath the Tonga subduction zone, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 142, 253-260, 1996.
    • (1996) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.142 , pp. 253-260
    • Fischer, K.1    Wiens, D.2
  • 35
    • 84980243543 scopus 로고
    • The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle
    • Forsyth, D. W., The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 43, 103-162, 1975.
    • (1975) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.43 , pp. 103-162
    • Forsyth, D.W.1
  • 36
    • 0032557712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MELT seismic team, Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge: The MELT experiment
    • Forsyth, D. W. and the MELT seismic team, Imaging the deep seismic structure beneath a mid-ocean ridge: The MELT experiment, Science, 280, 1215-1218, 1998a.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1215-1218
    • Forsyth, D.W.1
  • 37
    • 0032557713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on the East Pacific Rise
    • Forsyth, D. W., S. C. Webb, L. M. Dorman and Y. Shen, Phase velocities of Rayleigh waves in the MELT experiment on the East Pacific Rise, Science, 280, 1235-1238, 1998b.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Forsyth, D.W.1    Webb, S.C.2    Dorman, L.M.3    Shen, Y.4
  • 38
    • 0030474591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle anisotropy beneath northwest Pacific subduction zones
    • Fouch, M. J. and K. M. Fischer, Mantle anisotropy beneath northwest Pacific subduction zones, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,987-16,002, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Fouch, M.J.1    Fischer, K.M.2
  • 39
    • 0030426964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic structure of the upper mantle in the central Pacific corridor
    • Gaherty, J. B., T. H. Jordan, and L. S. Gee, Seismic structure of the upper mantle in the central Pacific corridor, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,291-22,309, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res , vol.101
    • Gaherty, J.B.1    Jordan, T.H.2    Gee, L.S.3
  • 40
    • 5744241559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismological structure of the upper mantle: A regional comparison of seismic layering
    • Gaherty, J. B., M. Kato and T. H. Jordan, Seismological structure of the upper mantle: A regional comparison of seismic layering, in press Phys. Earth Planet Int., 1998.
    • (1998) Phys. Earth Planet Int
    • Gaherty, J.B.1    Kato, M.2    Jordan, T.H.3
  • 41
    • 0029666565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic detection of a thin laterally varying boundary layer at the base of the mantle beneath the central-Pacific
    • Garnero, E. J. and D. V. Helmberger, Seismic detection of a thin laterally varying boundary layer at the base of the mantle beneath the central-Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 977-980, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 977-980
    • Garnero, E.J.1    Helmberger, D.V.2
  • 42
    • 0030864045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral variations in lowermost mantle shear wave anisotropy
    • Garnero, E. J. and T. Lay, Lateral variations in lowermost mantle shear wave anisotropy, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8121-8135, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8121-8135
    • Garnero, E.J.1    Lay, T.2
  • 43
    • 0000495067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultralow velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary
    • M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28,American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C., U.S.A
    • Garnero, E. J., J. Revenaugh, Q. Williams, T. Lay and L. H. Kellogg, Ultralow velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary, in Core-mantle boundary region, 319-314, eds. M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C., U.S.A., 1998.
    • (1998) Core-Mantle Boundary Region , pp. 314-319
    • Garnero, E.J.1    Revenaugh, J.2    Williams, Q.3    Lay, T.4    Kellogg, L.H.5
  • 44
    • 0029731855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SKS splitting and the seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath the Hikurangi subduction zone
    • Gledhill, K. and D. Gubbins, SKS splitting and the seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath the Hikurangi subduction zone, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 95, 227-236, 1996.
    • (1996) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.95 , pp. 227-236
    • Gledhill, K.1    Gubbins, D.2
  • 45
    • 0029749681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy in the fore-arc region of the Hikurangi subduction zone
    • Gledhill, K. and G. W. Stuart, Seismic anisotropy in the fore-arc region of the Hikurangi subduction zone, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 95, 211-225, 1996.
    • (1996) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.95 , pp. 211-225
    • Gledhill, K.1    Stuart, G.W.2
  • 46
  • 47
    • 11644252694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy in central Asia
    • Griot, D-A., J-P. Montagner and P. Tapponier, Surface wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy in central Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res
    • Griot, D.-A.1    Montagner, J.-P.2    Tapponier, P.3
  • 48
    • 0024921944 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy of the African continent inferred from surface waves
    • Hadiouche, O, N. Jobert and J-P. Montagner, Anisotropy of the African continent inferred from surface waves, Phys. Earth Planet Int., 58, 61-81, 1989.
    • (1989) Phys. Earth Planet Int. , vol.58 , pp. 61-81
    • Hadiouche, O.1    Jobert, N.2    Montagner, J.-P.3
  • 49
    • 0030619662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for small-scale heterogeneity throughout the Earth’s mantle
    • Hedlin, M. A. H, P. M. Shearer and P. S. Earle, Seismic evidence for small-scale heterogeneity throughout the Earth’s mantle, Nature, 387, 145-150, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 145-150
    • Hedlin, M.1    Shearer, P.M.2    Earle, P.S.3
  • 51
    • 85040109452 scopus 로고
    • CMB heterogeneity mapping using SKS polarization anomalies
    • Helffrich, G., CMB heterogeneity mapping using SKS polarization anomalies, EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Vn., 76, F403, 1995.
    • (1995) EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Vn. , vol.76
    • Helffrich, G.1
  • 52
    • 0029518759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric deformation inferred from teleseismic shear wave splitting observations in the U.K
    • Helffrich, G., Lithospheric deformation inferred from teleseismic shear wave splitting observations in the U.K., J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,195-18,204, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res , vol.100
    • Helffrich, G.1
  • 53
    • 0028575058 scopus 로고
    • Shear-wave splitting variation over short spatial scales on continents
    • Helffrich, G., P. G. Silver and H. Given, Shear-wave splitting variation over short spatial scales on continents, Geophys. J. Int., 119, 561-573, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.119 , pp. 561-573
    • Helffrich, G.1    Silver, P.G.2    Given, H.3
  • 54
    • 37049065388 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle under oceans
    • Hess, H. H., Seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle under oceans, Nature, 203, 629-631, 1964.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.203 , pp. 629-631
    • Hess, H.H.1
  • 55
    • 0043120478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of subducted basaltic crust in the lower mantle
    • Hirose, K., Y. Ma, Y. Fei, and H. Mao, Fate of subducted basaltic crust in the lower mantle, submitted to Nature, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature
    • Hirose, K.1    Ma, Y.2    Fei, Y.3    Mao, H.4
  • 57
    • 0019054781 scopus 로고
    • Overall properties of a cracked solid
    • Hudson, J. A., Overall properties of a cracked solid, Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc, 88, 371-384, 1980b.
    • (1980) Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc , vol.88 , pp. 371-384
    • Hudson, J.A.1
  • 58
    • 0030455545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic implications of S-wave anisotropy beneath SE Brazil
    • James, D. E. and M. Assumpgao, Tectonic implications of S-wave anisotropy beneath SE Brazil, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 1-10, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.126 , pp. 1-10
    • James, D.E.1    Assumpgao, M.2
  • 59
    • 0019923408 scopus 로고
    • Mantle convection as a boundary layer phenomenon
    • Jarvis, G. T. and W. R. Peltier, Mantle convection as a boundary layer phenomenon, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 68, 389-427, 1984.
    • (1984) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.68 , pp. 389-427
    • Jarvis, G.T.1    Peltier, W.R.2
  • 60
    • 0019726949 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic velocities in Cretaceous shales from the Williston Basin
    • Jones, L. E. A. and H. F. Wang, Ultrasonic velocities in Cretaceous shales from the Williston Basin, Geophysics, 46, 288-297, 1981.
    • (1981) Geophysics , vol.46 , pp. 288-297
    • Jones, L.E.A.1    Wang, H.F.2
  • 62
    • 0024191735 scopus 로고
    • The role of recrystallization in the preferred orientation of olivine
    • Karato, S., The role of recrystallization in the preferred orientation of olivine, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 51, 107-122, 1988.
    • (1988) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.51 , pp. 107-122
    • Karato, S.1
  • 63
    • 0001931164 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy: Mechanisms and tectonic implications
    • S. Karato and M. Toriumi, Oxford University Press, U.K
    • Karato, S., Seismic anisotropy: mechanisms and tectonic implications, in Rheology of solids and of the Earth, 393-422, eds. S. Karato and M. Toriumi, Oxford University Press, U.K., 1989.
    • (1989) Rheology of Solids and of the Earth , pp. 393-422
    • Karato, S.1
  • 64
    • 0027044720 scopus 로고
    • On the Lehmann discontinuity
    • Karato, S., On the Lehmann discontinuity, Geophys. Res. Lett, 19, 2255-2258, 1992.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.19 , pp. 2255-2258
    • Karato, S.1
  • 65
    • 0032416329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some remarks on the origin of seismic anisotropy in the D" layer
    • Karato, S., Some remarks on the origin of seismic anisotropy in the D" layer, Earth Planets and Space, 50, 1019-1028, 1998.
    • (1998) Earth Planets and Space , vol.50 , pp. 1019-1028
    • Karato, S.1
  • 66
    • 0027387454 scopus 로고
    • Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis
    • Karato, S. and P. Wu, Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis, Science, 260, 771-778, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 771-778
    • Karato, S.1    Wu, P.2
  • 67
    • 0028192414 scopus 로고
    • Teleseismic arrivals at a mid-ocean ridge: Effects of mantle melt and anisotropy
    • Kendall, J-M., Teleseismic arrivals at a mid-ocean ridge: effects of mantle melt and anisotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 301-304, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 301-304
    • Kendall, J.-M.1
  • 68
    • 0027385746 scopus 로고
    • Seismic modelling of subduction zones with inhomogeneity and anisotropy-1.Teleseismic P-wavefront tracking
    • Kendall, J-M. and C. J. Thomson, Seismic modelling of subduction zones with inhomogeneity and anisotropy-1.Teleseismic P-wavefront tracking, Geophys. J. Int., 112, 39-66, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.112 , pp. 39-66
    • Kendall, J.-M.1    Thomson, C.J.2
  • 69
    • 3242872634 scopus 로고
    • Lateral variations in D" thickness from long-period shear-wave data
    • Kendall, J-M. and P. M. Shearer, Lateral variations in D" thickness from long-period shear-wave data, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,575-11,590, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res , vol.99
    • Kendall, J.-M.1    Shearer, P.M.2
  • 70
    • 0029730185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraints from seismic anisotropy on the nature of the lowermost mantle
    • Kendall, J-M. and P. G. Silver, Constraints from seismic anisotropy on the nature of the lowermost mantle, Nature, 381, 409-412, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.381 , pp. 409-412
    • Kendall, J.-M.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 71
    • 0002378170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating causes of D" anisotropy
    • M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A
    • Kendall, J-M. and P. G. Silver, Investigating causes of D" anisotropy, in Core-mantle boundary region, 97-118, eds. M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A., 1998.
    • (1998) Core-Mantle Boundary Region , pp. 97-118
    • Kendall, J.-M.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 72
    • 4244138802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias due to simple approximations for flow-induced mineral orientation distribution
    • Kendall, J-M., D. G. Raymer and D. K. Blackman, Bias due to simple approximations for flow-induced mineral orientation distribution, EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Vn., 79, S212, 1998.
    • (1998) EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Vn. , vol.79
    • Kendall, J.-M.1    Raymer, D.G.2    Blackman, D.K.3
  • 73
    • 0019384526 scopus 로고
    • Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: Numerical modelling
    • Kirkwood, S. C. and S. Crampin, Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: numerical modelling, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 64, 463-485, 1981a.
    • (1981) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.64 , pp. 463-485
    • Kirkwood, S.C.1    Crampin, S.2
  • 74
    • 0019353144 scopus 로고
    • Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: Observations of polarization anomalies
    • Kirkwood, S. C. and S. Crampin, Surface-wave propagation in an ocean basin with an anisotropic upper mantle: observations of polarization anomalies, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 64, 487-497, 1981b.
    • (1981) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.64 , pp. 487-497
    • Kirkwood, S.C.1    Crampin, S.2
  • 75
    • 0026064863 scopus 로고
    • Earth’s core-mantle boundary: Results of experiments at high pressure and temperatures
    • Knittle, E. and R. Jeanloz, Earth’s core-mantle boundary: results of experiments at high pressure and temperatures, Science, 251, 1438-1443, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.251 , pp. 1438-1443
    • Knittle, E.1    Jeanloz, R.2
  • 76
    • 0000351103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of slight anisotropy on surface waves
    • Larson, E. W. F., J. Tromp and G. Ekstrom, Effects of slight anisotropy on surface waves, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 654-666, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.132 , pp. 654-666
    • Larson, E.W.F.1    Tromp, J.2    Ekstrom, G.3
  • 77
    • 0001461652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface-wave polarization data and global anisotropic structure
    • Laske, G. and G. Masters, Surface-wave polarization data and global anisotropic structure, Geophys. J. Int., 132, 508-520, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.132 , pp. 508-520
    • Laske, G.1    Masters, G.2
  • 78
    • 0021058491 scopus 로고
    • A lower mantle S-wave triplication and the shear velocity structure of D"
    • Lay, T. and D. V. Helmberger, A lower mantle S-wave triplication and the shear velocity structure of D", Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc., 75, 799-837, 1983.
    • (1983) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 799-837
    • Lay, T.1    Helmberger, D.V.2
  • 79
    • 0026268967 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of seismic SV waves in the core’s penumbra
    • Lay, T. and C. J. Young, Analysis of seismic SV waves in the core’s penumbra, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1373-1376, 1991.
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 1373-1376
    • Lay, T.1    Young, C.J.2
  • 80
    • 0000621277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic wave anisotropy in the D" region and its implications
    • M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C., U.S.A
    • Lay, T., E. J. Garnero, Q. Williams, B. Romanowicz, L. Kellogg and M. E. Wysession, Seismic wave anisotropy in the D" region and its implications, in Core-mantle Boundary Region, 229-318, eds. M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C., U.S.A., 1998.
    • (1998) Core-Mantle Boundary Region , pp. 229-318
    • Lay, T.1    Garnero, E.J.2    Williams, Q.3    Romanowicz, B.4    Kellogg, L.5    Wysession, M.E.6
  • 81
    • 0031396881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P-SH conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation
    • Levin, V. and J. Park, P-SH conversions in a flat-layered medium with anisotropy of arbitrary orientation, Geophys. J. Int., 131, 253-266, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.131 , pp. 253-266
    • Levin, V.1    Park, J.2
  • 82
    • 0031803946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C. and Richards, The dynamics of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions, Rev. of Geophys., 36, 27-78, 1998.
    • (1998) Rev. of Geophys. , vol.36 , pp. 27-78
    • Lithgow-Bertelloni, C.1    Richards2
  • 83
    • 0028830569 scopus 로고
    • The core-mantle boundary region
    • Loper, D. E. and T. Lay, The core-mantle boundary region, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6397-6420, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 6397-6420
    • Loper, D.E.1    Lay, T.2
  • 85
    • 0031421950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the anisotropic seismic properties of partially molten rocks at mid-ocean ridges
    • Mainprice, D., Modelling the anisotropic seismic properties of partially molten rocks at mid-ocean ridges, Tectonophysics, 279, 161-179, 1997.
    • (1997) Tectonophysics , vol.279 , pp. 161-179
    • Mainprice, D.1
  • 86
    • 0027524332 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the sub-continental lithosphere
    • Mainprice, D. and P. G. Silver, Interpretation of SKS-waves using samples from the sub-continental lithosphere, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 78, 257-280, 1993.
    • (1993) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.78 , pp. 257-280
    • Mainprice, D.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 87
    • 0031412505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling surface waves in anisotropic structures II. Examples
    • Martin, B. and C. J. Thomson, Modelling surface waves in anisotropic structures II. Examples, Phys. Earth Plant. Int., 103, 253-279, 1997.
    • (1997) Phys. Earth Plant. Int. , vol.103 , pp. 253-279
    • Martin, B.1    Thomson, C.J.2
  • 89
    • 0030236019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for anisotropy in the deep mantle beneath Alaska
    • Matzel, E., M. K. Sen and S. P. Grand, Evidence for anisotropy in the deep mantle beneath Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett, 23, 2417-2420, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 2417-2420
    • Matzel, E.1    Sen, M.K.2    Grand, S.P.3
  • 90
    • 0024887202 scopus 로고
    • Surface waves in weakly anisotropic structures: On the use of ordinary or quasi-degenerate perturbation methods
    • Maupin, V., Surface waves in weakly anisotropic structures: on the use of ordinary or quasi-degenerate perturbation methods, Geophys. J., 98, 553-563, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. J. , vol.98 , pp. 553-563
    • Maupin, V.1
  • 91
    • 0028591751 scopus 로고
    • On the possibility of anisotropy in the D" layer as inferred from the polarization of diffracted S-waves
    • Maupin, V., On the possibility of anisotropy in the D" layer as inferred from the polarization of diffracted S-waves, Phys. Earth Planet Int., 87, 1-32, 1995.
    • (1995) Phys. Earth Planet Int. , vol.87 , pp. 1-32
    • Maupin, V.1
  • 92
    • 0000512171 scopus 로고
    • Melt squirt in the asthenosphere
    • Mavko, G. M. and A. Nur, Melt squirt in the asthenosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 1444-1448, 1975.
    • (1975) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 1444-1448
    • Mavko, G.M.1    Nur, A.2
  • 93
    • 84984435183 scopus 로고
    • Finite deformation during fluid flow
    • McKenzie, D., Finite deformation during fluid flow, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 58, 689-715, 1979.
    • (1979) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.58 , pp. 689-715
    • McKenzie, D.1
  • 94
    • 0028812996 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory and seismological observations of lower mantle isotropy
    • Meade, C. P., P. G. Silver and S. Kaneshima, Laboratory and seismological observations of lower mantle isotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett, 22, 1293-1296, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.22 , pp. 1293-1296
    • Meade, C.P.1    Silver, P.G.2    Kaneshima, S.3
  • 95
    • 0001130421 scopus 로고
    • Shear velocities at the base of the mantle from observations of S and ScS
    • Mitchell, B. J. and D. V. Helmberger, Shear velocities at the base of the mantle from observations of S and ScS, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 6009-6019, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 6009-6019
    • Mitchell, B.J.1    Helmberger, D.V.2
  • 96
    • 0024911893 scopus 로고
    • Three-D structure of the upper mantle beneath the Atlantic Ocean from long-period Rayleigh waves I: Group and phase velocity distributions
    • Mocquet, A., B. Romanowicz and J-P. Montagner, Three-D structure of the upper mantle beneath the Atlantic Ocean from long-period Rayleigh waves I: Group and phase velocity distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7449-7468, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 7449-7468
    • Mocquet, A.1    Romanowicz, B.2    Montagner, J.-P.3
  • 97
    • 0022179832 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface wave dispersion
    • Montagner, J-P., Seismic anisotropy of the Pacific Ocean inferred from long-period surface wave dispersion, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 38, 28-50, 1985.
    • (1985) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.38 , pp. 28-50
    • Montagner, J.-P.1
  • 98
    • 0031869123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where can seismic anisotropy be detected in the Earth’s mantle?
    • Montagner, J-P., Where can seismic anisotropy be detected in the Earth’s mantle? In boundary layers Pure appl. geophys., 151, 223-256, 1998.
    • (1998) Boundary Layers Pure Appl. Geophys , vol.151 , pp. 223-256
    • Montagner, J.-P.1
  • 99
    • 0024226190 scopus 로고
    • Vectorial tomography II: Application to the Indian Ocean
    • Montagner, J-P. and N. Jobert, Vectorial tomography II: Application to the Indian Ocean, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 94, 309-344, 1988.
    • (1988) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.94 , pp. 309-344
    • Montagner, J.-P.1    Jobert, N.2
  • 100
    • 0029729262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference Earth models
    • Montagner, J-P. and B. L. N. Kennett, How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference Earth models, Geophys. J. Int., 125, 229-248, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.125 , pp. 229-248
    • Montagner, J.-P.1    Kennett, B.L.N.2
  • 101
    • 0022908318 scopus 로고
    • On the inversion of the azimuthal anisotropy of surface waves
    • Montagner, J-P. and H-C. Nataf, On the inversion of the azimuthal anisotropy of surface waves, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 511-520, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 511-520
    • Montagner, J.-P.1    Nataf, H.-C.2
  • 102
    • 0001363646 scopus 로고
    • Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotropics
    • Montagner, J-P. and T. Tanimoto, Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotropics, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,337-20,351, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res , vol.96
    • Montagner, J.-P.1    Tanimoto, T.2
  • 103
    • 84874851133 scopus 로고
    • Properties of some common igneous rocks and their melts at high temperatures
    • Murase, T. and A. R. McBirney, Properties of some common igneous rocks and their melts at high temperatures, Geol. Soc Am. Bull, 84, 3563-3592, 1973.
    • (1973) Geol. Soc Am. Bull , vol.84 , pp. 3563-3592
    • Murase, T.1    McBirney, A.R.2
  • 105
    • 0027842991 scopus 로고
    • Seismic discontinuity at the top of D": A world-wide feature?
    • Nataf, H-C. and S. Houard, Seismic discontinuity at the top of D": A world-wide feature?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2371-2374, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 2371-2374
    • Nataf, H.-C.1    Houard, S.2
  • 106
    • 0001167270 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of mantle wave velocities and inversion for lateral heterogeneities and anisotropy 3. Inversion
    • Nataf, H-C, I. Nakanishi and D. L. Anderson, Measurements of mantle wave velocities and inversion for lateral heterogeneities and anisotropy 3. Inversion, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7261-7307, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 7261-7307
    • Nataf, H.-C.1    Nakanishi, I.2    Anderson, D.L.3
  • 108
    • 0000836871 scopus 로고
    • Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites-a review
    • Fuchs, K. and C. Froidevaux, Geodynamics series, 16,American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A
    • Nicolas, A. and N. I. Christensen, Formation of anisotropy in upper mantle peridotites-a review, in Composition, structure and dynamics of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system, 111-123, eds. Fuchs, K. and C. Froidevaux, Geodynamics series, 16, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A., 1987.
    • (1987) Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System , pp. 111-123
    • Nicolas, A.1    Christensen, N.I.2
  • 109
    • 0024530548 scopus 로고
    • The anisotropic structure of the upper mantle in the Pacific
    • Nishimura, C. E. and D. W. Forsyth, The anisotropic structure of the upper mantle in the Pacific, Geophys. J. Int., 96, 203-229, 1989.
    • (1989) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.96 , pp. 203-229
    • Nishimura, C.E.1    Forsyth, D.W.2
  • 110
    • 0028257816 scopus 로고
    • Double-layer anisotropy resolved from S-phases
    • Özalabey, S. and M. K. Savage, Double-layer anisotropy resolved from S-phases, Geophys. J. Int., 117, 653-666, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.117 , pp. 653-666
    • Özalabey, S.1    Savage, M.K.2
  • 111
    • 0030470891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface wave in layered anisotropic media
    • Park, J., Surface wave in layered anisotropic media, Geophys. J. Int., 126, 173-183, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.126 , pp. 173-183
    • Park, J.1
  • 112
    • 0025661018 scopus 로고
    • The spreading rate dependence of three-dimensional spreading center structure
    • Parmentier, E. M. and J. Phipps Morgan, The spreading rate dependence of three-dimensional spreading center structure, Nature, 348, 325-328, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.348 , pp. 325-328
    • Parmentier, E.M.1    Phipps Morgan, J.2
  • 113
    • 84989524141 scopus 로고
    • Melt migration beneath mid-ocean spreading centers
    • Phipps Morgan, J., Melt migration beneath mid-ocean spreading centers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 1238-1241, 1987.
    • (1987) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 1238-1241
    • Phipps Morgan, J.1
  • 114
    • 0027099132 scopus 로고
    • Does infiltration of core material into the lower mantle affect the observed geomagnetic field
    • Poirier, J-P. and J-L. le Mouel, Does infiltration of core material into the lower mantle affect the observed geomagnetic field, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 73, 29-37, 1992.
    • (1992) Phys. Earth Planet. Int. , vol.73 , pp. 29-37
    • Poirier, J.-P.1    Le Mouel, J.-L.2
  • 115
    • 85040119961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath the Central Pacific
    • Pulliam, J. and M. K. Sen, Anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath the Central Pacific, submitted to Geophys. J. Int., 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int
    • Pulliam, J.1    Sen, M.K.2
  • 116
    • 0021539430 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic models of the upper mantle
    • Regan, J. and D. L. Anderson, Anisotropic models of the upper mantle, Phys. Earth Planet Int., 35, 227-263, 1984.
    • (1984) Phys. Earth Planet Int. , vol.35 , pp. 227-263
    • Regan, J.1    Anderson, D.L.2
  • 117
    • 85040113616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core-mantle boundary heterogeneities inferred from anomalous SKS and SKKS splitting, EOS: Trans
    • Restivo, A., G. Helffrich and J-M. Kendall, Core-mantle boundary heterogeneities inferred from anomalous SKS and SKKS splitting, EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., 79, 1998.
    • (1998) Am. Geophys. Un. , pp. 79
    • Restivo, A.1    Helffrich, G.2    Kendall, J.-M.3
  • 118
    • 0024484080 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow
    • Ribe, N. M., Seismic anisotropy and mantle flow, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 4213-4223, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94 , pp. 4213-4223
    • Ribe, N.M.1
  • 119
    • 0032466633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of vertically-varying anisotropy
    • Rumpker, G. and P. G. Silver, Apparent shear-wave splitting parameters in the presence of vertically-varying anisotropy, in press Geophys. J. Int., 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int
    • Rumpker, G.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 120
    • 0342562302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulations of depth-dependent anisotropy and frequency-dependent wave propagation effects
    • Rumpker, G., A. Tommasi and J-M. Kendall, Numerical simulations of depth-dependent anisotropy and frequency-dependent wave propagation effects, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 23141-23153, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 23141-23153
    • Rumpker, G.1    Tommasi, A.2    Kendall, J.-M.3
  • 121
    • 0032548010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for small-scale dynamics in the lowermost mantle at the root of the Hawaiian hotspot
    • Russell, S., T. Lay and E. J. Garnero, Seismic evidence for small-scale dynamics in the lowermost mantle at the root of the Hawaiian hotspot, Nature, 396, 255-258, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 255-258
    • Russell, S.1    Lay, T.2    Garnero, E.J.3
  • 122
    • 0028184180 scopus 로고
    • Trench-parallel flow beneath the Nazca plate from seismic anisotropy
    • Russo, R. M. and P. G. Silver, Trench-parallel flow beneath the Nazca plate from seismic anisotropy, Science, 263, 1105-1111, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Russo, R.M.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 123
    • 0032503912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear-wave splitting and upper mantle deformation in French Polynesia: Evidence for small-scale heterogeneity related to the Society hotspot
    • Russo, R. M. and E. A. Okal, Shear-wave splitting and upper mantle deformation in French Polynesia: Evidence for small-scale heterogeneity related to the Society hotspot, in press J. Geophys. Res., 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res
    • Russo, R.M.1    Okal, E.A.2
  • 124
    • 0033056832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: What have we learned from shear wave splitting
    • Savage, M., Seismic anisotropy and mantle deformation: What have we learned from shear wave splitting, Revs. Geophys., 37, 65-106, 1999.
    • (1999) Revs. Geophys. , vol.37 , pp. 65-106
    • Savage, M.1
  • 125
    • 0027428220 scopus 로고
    • Mantle deformation and tectonics: Constraints from seismic anisotropy in western United States
    • Savage, M. and P. G. Silver, Mantle deformation and tectonics: Constraints from seismic anisotropy in western United States, Phys. Earth. Planet. Int., 78, 207-227, 1993.
    • (1993) Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. , vol.78 , pp. 207-227
    • Savage, M.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 126
    • 0027037648 scopus 로고
    • Elastic anisotropy of short-fibre reinforced composites
    • Sayers, C. M., Elastic anisotropy of short-fibre reinforced composites, Int. J. Solids Structures, 29, 2933-2944, 1992.
    • (1992) Int. J. Solids Structures , vol.29 , pp. 2933-2944
    • Sayers, C.M.1
  • 127
    • 0029530006 scopus 로고
    • Microcrack-induced elastic wave anisotropy of brittle rocks
    • Sayers, C M., and M. Kachanov, Microcrack-induced elastic wave anisotropy of brittle rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4149-4156, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 4149-4156
    • Sayers, C.M.1    Kachanov, M.2
  • 128
    • 84980270948 scopus 로고
    • Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the Pacific Basin
    • Schlue, J. W. and L. Knopoff, Shear wave polarization anisotropy in the Pacific Basin, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 49, 145-165, 1977.
    • (1977) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.49 , pp. 145-165
    • Schlue, J.W.1    Knopoff, L.2
  • 129
    • 0022173771 scopus 로고
    • Numerical models on the influence of partial melt on elastic, anelastic and electric properties of rocks. Part. 1: Elasticity and anelasticity
    • Schmeling, H., Numerical models on the influence of partial melt on elastic, anelastic and electric properties of rocks. Part. 1: elasticity and anelasticity, Phys. Earth. Planet. Int., 41, 34-57, 1985.
    • (1985) Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. , vol.41 , pp. 34-57
    • Schmeling, H.1
  • 130
    • 0028974388 scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock
    • Schoenberg, M. and C M. Sayers, Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock, Geophysics, 60, 204-211, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophysics , vol.60 , pp. 204-211
    • Schoenberg, M.1    Sayers, C.M.2
  • 131
    • 85040120593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismograms for Earth models with transversely isotropic
    • Sen, M. K., E. Matzel and S. P. Grand, Seismograms for Earth models with transversely isotropic D", in press Geophys. J. Int., 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. J. Int
    • Sen, M.K.1    Matzel, E.2    Grand, S.P.3
  • 132
    • 0026269140 scopus 로고
    • Imaging global body wave phases by stacking long-period seismograms
    • Shearer, P. M., Imaging global body wave phases by stacking long-period seismograms, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,353-20,364, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res , vol.96
    • Shearer, P.M.1
  • 133
    • 0022180274 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere-theory and observations from the Ngendei experiment in the south-west Pacific
    • Shearer, P. M. and J. A. Orcutt, Anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere-theory and observations from the Ngendei experiment in the south-west Pacific, Geophys. J. R. astro. Soc, 80, 493-526, 1985.
    • (1985) Geophys. J. R. Astro. Soc , vol.80 , pp. 493-526
    • Shearer, P.M.1    Orcutt, J.A.2
  • 134
    • 0030482764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: Probing the depths of geology
    • Silver, P. G., Seismic anisotropy beneath the continents: Probing the depths of geology, Annual Rev. Earth Space Sci., 24, 385, 1996.
    • (1996) Annual Rev. Earth Space Sci. , vol.24 , pp. 385
    • Silver, P.G.1
  • 135
    • 0024224916 scopus 로고
    • Implications for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy
    • Silver, P. G. and W. W. Chan, Implications for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy, Nature, 335, 34-39, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 34-39
    • Silver, P.G.1    Chan, W.W.2
  • 136
    • 0026312150 scopus 로고
    • Shear-wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation
    • Silver, P. G. and W. W. Chan, Shear-wave splitting and subcontinental mantle deformation, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 16429-16454, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 16429-16454
    • Silver, P.G.1    Chan, W.W.2
  • 137
    • 4243371143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle anisotropy beneath southern Africa from shear-wave splitting: Preliminary results from the Southern Africa Seismic Experiment
    • F579
    • Silver, P. G. and S. Gao, Mantle anisotropy beneath southern Africa from shear-wave splitting: preliminary results from the Southern Africa Seismic Experiment, EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Un., F579, 1998.
    • (1998) EOS: Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.
    • Silver, P.G.1    Gao, S.2
  • 138
    • 0027528047 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on mantle anisotropy beneath Precambrian North America from a transportable experiment
    • Silver, P. G. and S. Kaneshima, Constraints on mantle anisotropy beneath Precambrian North America from a transportable experiment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1127-1130, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1127-1130
    • Silver, P.G.1    Kaneshima, S.2
  • 139
    • 0028584862 scopus 로고
    • The interpretation of shear wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropic layers
    • Silver, P. G. and M. K. Savage, The interpretation of shear wave splitting parameters in the presence of two anisotropic layers, Geophys. J. Int., 199, 949-963, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.199 , pp. 949-963
    • Silver, P.G.1    Savage, M.K.2
  • 140
    • 0001426964 scopus 로고
    • The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium
    • Smith, M. L. and F. A. Dahlen, The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3321-333, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 3321-3333
    • Smith, M.L.1    Dahlen, F.A.2
  • 141
  • 142
    • 0002235083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastic constants and anisotropy of MgSiO3 perovskite, periclase, and Si02at high pressure
    • M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A
    • 3 perovskite, periclase, and Si02 at high pressure, in Coremantle boundary region, 83-96, eds. M. Gurnis, M. Wysession, E. Knittle and B. Buffet, Geodynamic Series, 28, American Geophysical Union, Washington D. C, U.S.A., 1998.
    • (1998) Coremantle Boundary Region , pp. 83-96
    • Stixrude, L.1
  • 143
    • 0020833055 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aspect ratio of inclusions on the elastic properties of unidirectionally aligned composites
    • Tandon, G. P. and G. J. Weng, The effect of aspect ratio of inclusions on the elastic properties of unidirectionally aligned composites, Polymer Composites, 5, 327-333, 1984.
    • (1984) Polymer Composites , vol.5 , pp. 327-333
    • Tandon, G.P.1    Weng, G.J.2
  • 144
    • 0022928914 scopus 로고
    • Weak elastic anisotropy
    • Thomsen, L., Weak elastic anisotropy, Geophysics, 51, 1954-1966, 1986.
    • (1986) Geophysics , vol.51 , pp. 1954-1966
    • Thomsen, L.1
  • 145
    • 0029530522 scopus 로고
    • Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porous rock
    • Thomsen, L., Elastic anisotropy due to aligned cracks in porous rock, Geophys. Prosp, 43, 805-829, 1995.
    • (1995) Geophys. Prosp , vol.43 , pp. 805-829
    • Thomsen, L.1
  • 146
    • 0031421388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling surface waves in anisotropic structures I. Theory
    • Thomson, C. J., Modelling surface waves in anisotropic structures I. Theory, Phys. Earth Plant. Int., 103, 195-206, 1997.
    • (1997) Phys. Earth Plant. Int. , vol.103 , pp. 195-206
    • Thomson, C.J.1
  • 147
    • 0031727262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forward modelling of the development of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle
    • Tommasi, A., Forward modelling of the development of seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 160, 1-13, 1998.
    • (1998) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett , vol.160 , pp. 1-13
    • Tommasi, A.1
  • 148
    • 0030265250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy in ocean basins: Resistive drag of sublithospheric mantle?
    • Tommasi, A., A. Vauchez and R. Russo, Seismic anisotropy in ocean basins: resistive drag of sublithospheric mantle?, Geophys. Res. Lett, 23, 2991-2994, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.23 , pp. 2991-2994
    • Tommasi, A.1    Vauchez, A.2    Russo, R.3
  • 149
    • 0028830376 scopus 로고
    • Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the mantle beneath the Tonga trench
    • Van der Hilst, R. D., Complex morphology of subducted lithosphere in the mantle beneath the Tonga trench, Nature, 374, 154-157, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.374 , pp. 154-157
    • Van Der Hilst, R.D.1
  • 150
    • 0027455922 scopus 로고
    • Ellipticity in teleseismic Sparticle motions
    • Vinnik, L. P. and R. Kind, Ellipticity in teleseismic Sparticle motions, Geophys. J. Int., 113, 165-164, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.113 , pp. 164-165
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Kind, R.2
  • 151
    • 0030235860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear wave splitting in the mantle Ps phases
    • Vinnik, L. P. and J.-P. Montagner, Shear wave splitting in the mantle Ps phases, P Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2449-2452, 1996.
    • (1996) P Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 2449-2452
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Montagner, J.-P.2
  • 152
    • 0032508039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic structures at the base of the Earth’s mantle
    • Vinnik, L., L. Breger and B. Romanowicz, Anisotropic structures at the base of the Earth’s mantle, Nature, 393, 564-567, 1998.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 564-567
    • Vinnik, L.1    Breger, L.2    Romanowicz, B.3
  • 153
    • 0032098422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence of flow at the base of the upper mantle
    • Vinnik, L. P., S. Chevrot and J-P. Montagner, Seismic evidence of flow at the base of the upper mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 1995-1998, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.25 , pp. 1995-1998
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Chevrot, S.2    Montagner, J.-P.3
  • 154
    • 0024483750 scopus 로고
    • Observational evidence for diffracted SV in the shadow of the Earth’s core
    • Vinnik, L., F. Farra and B. Romanowicz, Observational evidence for diffracted SV in the shadow of the Earth’s core, Geophys. Res. Lett, 16, 519-522, 1989a.
    • (1989) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.16 , pp. 519-522
    • Vinnik, L.1    Farra, F.2    Romanowicz, B.3
  • 155
    • 0002530857 scopus 로고
    • Anizotropiya litosfery po nablyudeniyam voln SKS and SKKS
    • Vinnik, L. P., G. L. Kosarev and L. I. Makeyeva, Anizotropiya litosfery po nablyudeniyam voln SKS and SKKS, Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 278, 1335-1339, 1984.
    • (1984) Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR , vol.278 , pp. 1335-1339
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Kosarev, G.L.2    Makeyeva, L.I.3
  • 156
    • 0027071499 scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and deformation in the continental mantle
    • Vinnik, L. P., L. I. Makeyeva, A. Milev and Y. Usenko, Global patterns of azimuthal anisotropy and deformation in the continental mantle, Geophys. J. Int., 111, 433-447, 1992.
    • (1992) Geophys. J. Int , vol.111 , pp. 433-447
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Makeyeva, L.I.2    Milev, A.3    Usenko, Y.4
  • 157
    • 0024937085 scopus 로고
    • Azimuthal anisotropy in the lithosphere from observations of long-period S-waves
    • Vinnik, L. P., R. Kind, G. L. Kosarev and L. I. Makeyeva, Azimuthal anisotropy in the lithosphere from observations of long-period S-waves, Geophys. J. Int., 99, 549-559, 1989b.
    • (1989) Geophys. J. Int. , vol.99 , pp. 549-559
    • Vinnik, L.P.1    Kind, R.2    Kosarev, G.L.3    Makeyeva, L.I.4
  • 159
    • 0005516093 scopus 로고
    • Ray theory for an anisotropic inhomogeneous elastic medium
    • Vlaar, N. J., Ray theory for an anisotropic inhomogeneous elastic medium, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 58, 2053-2072, 1968.
    • (1968) Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. , vol.58 , pp. 2053-2072
    • Vlaar, N.J.1
  • 160
    • 0027802991 scopus 로고
    • P-and S-wave reflections from anomalies in the lowermost mantle,Geophys
    • Weber, M., P-and S-wave reflections from anomalies in the lowermost mantle,Geophys. J. Int., 115, 183-210, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Int. , vol.115 , pp. 183-210
    • Weber, M.1
  • 161
    • 0029659883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of the Earth’s mantle
    • Williams, Q. and E. J. Garnero, Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of the Earth’s mantle, Science, 273, 1528-1530, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.273 , pp. 1528-1530
    • Williams, Q.1    Garnero, E.J.2
  • 162
    • 0002616002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic anisotropy of oceanic upper mantle: Shear-wave splitting methodologies and observations
    • Wolfe, C. J. and P. G. Silver, Seismic anisotropy of oceanic upper mantle: Shear-wave splitting methodologies and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 749-771, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 749-771
    • Wolfe, C.J.1    Silver, P.G.2
  • 163
    • 0032557488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear-wave splitting and implications for mantle flow beneath the MELT region of the East Pacific Rise
    • Wolfe C. J. and S. C. Solomon, Shear-wave splitting and implications for mantle flow beneath the MELT region of the East Pacific Rise Science, 280, 1230-1232, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 1230-1232
    • Wolfe, C.J.1    Solomon, S.C.2
  • 164
    • 0029663181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale structure of the core-mantle boundary from diffracted waves
    • Wysession, M. E., Large-scale structure of the core-mantle boundary from diffracted waves, Nature, 382, 244-248, 1996b.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.382 , pp. 244-248
    • Wysession, M.E.1
  • 165
    • 0028554940 scopus 로고
    • Hunting for azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Pacific Ocean region
    • Yu, Y. and J. Park, Hunting for azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Pacific Ocean region, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 15399-15421, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 15399-15421
    • Yu, Y.1    Park, J.2
  • 166
    • 0028862697 scopus 로고
    • Lattice preferred orientation of olivine aggregates in simple shear
    • Zhang, S. and S. Karato, Lattice preferred orientation of olivine aggregates in simple shear, Nature, 375, 774-777, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.375 , pp. 774-777
    • Zhang, S.1    Karato, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.