Some remarks on the origin of seismic anisotropy in the D” layer

Earth, Planets and Space

Volumn 50, Issue 11, 1998, Pages 1019-1028

  Karato, Shun ichiro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MANTLE STRUCTURE; MELT; SEISMIC ANISOTROPY; SHEAR; UPWELLING;

EID: 0032416329     PISSN: 13438832     EISSN: 18805981     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/BF03352196     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Aki, K., Seismological evidence for the existence of soft thin layers in the upper mantle under Japan, J. Geophys. Res., 73,585-594, 1968.
2. Alègre, C. J. and D. L. Turcotte, Implications of a two-component marblecake mantle, Nature, 323,123-127, 1986.
3. Anderson, O. L., Equation of State of Solids for Geophysics and Ceramic Sciences, pp. 405, Oxford University Press, 1995.
4. Birch, F., The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, Part 2., J. Geophys. Res., 57,2199-2224, 1961.
5. Buerger, M. J., Translation-gliding in crystals of the NaCl structural type, Amer. Mineral., 15,226-238, 1930.
6. Bussod, G. Y. and J. M. Christie, Textural development and melt topology in spinel lherzolite experimentally deformed at hypersolidus conditions, J. Petrol., Spec. Issue,17-39, 1991.
7. Daines, M. J. and D. L. Kohlstedt, Influence of deformation on melt topology in peridotites, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,257-10,271, 1997.
8. Duffy, T. S., R. J. Hemley, and H.-K. Mao, Equation of state and shear strength at multimegabar pressures: Magnesium oxide to 227 GPa, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74,1371-1374, 1995.
9. Edington, J. W., K. N. Melton, and C. P. Cutler, Superplasticity, Prog. Mater. Sci., 21,63-170, 1976.
10. Franssen, R., Rheology of synthetic rocksalt, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Utrecht, pp. 221, 1993.
11. Garnero, E. J. and T. Lay, Lateral variation in lowermost mantle shear wave anisotropy beneath the north Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 102,8121-8135, 1997.
12. Garnero, E. J., J. Revenaugh, Q. Williams, T. Lay, and L. H. Kellogg, Ultralow velocity zone at the core-mantle boundary, in The Core Mantle Boundary, edited by M. Gurnis, B. A. Buffett, E. Knittle, and M. Wyses-sion, pp.319-334, AGU Monograph, 1998.
13. Gay, N. C., Pure shear and simple shear deformation of inhomogeneous viscous fluids, 1. Theory, Tectonophysics, 5,211-234, 1968.
14. Honda, S., D. A. Yuen, S. Balachandar, and D. Reuteler, Three-dimensional instabilities of mantle convection with multiple phase transitions, Science, 259,1308-1311, 1993.
15. Hudson, J. A., Wave speeds and attenuation of elastic waves in material containing cracks, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 64,133-150, 1981.
16. Isaak, D. G., R. E. Cohen, and M. E. Mehl, Calculated elastic constants and thermal properties of MgO at high pressures and temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 95,7055-7067, 1990.
17. Jarvis, G. T. and W. R. Peltier, Convection models and geophysical observations, in Mantle Convection, edited by W. R. Peltier, pp.479-593, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1989.
18. Kaneshima, S. and P. G. Silver, A search for source-side anisotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19,1049-1052, 1992.
19. Karato, S., Seismic anisotropy: mechanisms and tectonic implications, in Rheology ofSolids and of the Earth, edited by S. Karato and M. Toriumi, pp.393-422, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989.
20. Karato, S., On the Lehmann discontinuity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19,2255-2258, 1992.
21. Karato, S., Importance of anelasticity in the interpretation of seismic tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20,1623-1626, 1993.
22. Karato, S., Phase transformations and rheological properties of mantle minerals, in Earth's Deep Interior, edited by D. J. Crossley, pp.223-272, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1997.
23. Karato, S., Seismic anisotropy in the deep mantle, boundary layers and the geometry of mantle convection, PAGEOPH, 151,565-587, 1998.
24. Karato, S. and P. Wu, Rheology of the upper mantle: A synthesis, Science, 260,771-778, 1993.
25. Karato, S., S. Zhang, and H. R. Wenk, Superplasticity in the Earth's lower mantle: Evidence from seismic anisotropy and rock physics, Science, 270,458-461, 1995.
26. Karato, S., S. Zhang, M. R. Zimmerman, D. L. Kohlstedt, and M. Daines, Towards structural geology of the mantle, PAGEOPH, 151,589-603, 1998.
27. Karki, B. B., L. Stixrude, S. J. Clark, M. C. Warren, G. J. Ackland, and J. Crain, Structure and elasticity of MgO at high pressure, Amer. Mineral., 82,51-60, 1997a.
28. Karki, B. B., L. Stixrude, S. J. Clark, M. C. Warren, G. J. Ackland, and J. Crain, Elastic properties of orthorhombic MgSiO3 perovskite at lower mantle pressures, Amer. Mineral., 82,635-639, 1997b.
29. Kendall, J. M. and P. G. Silver, Constraints from seismic anisotropy on the nature of the lowermost mantle, Nature, 381,409-412, 1996.
30. Knittle, E. and R. Jeanloz, High-pressure metallization of FeO and implications for the Earth's core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13,1541-1544, 1986.
31. Knittle, E. and R. Jeanloz, Earth's core-mantle boundary: Results of experiments at high pressures and temperatures, Science, 251,1438-1443, 1991.
32. Kohlstedt, D. L. and M. E. Zimmerman, Rheology of partially molten mantle rocks, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 24,41-62, 1996.
33. Lay, T., Q. Williams, and E. J. Garnero, The core-mantle boundary layer and deep earth dynamics, Nature, 392,461-468, 1998a.
34. Lay, T., Q. Williams, E. J. Garnero, L. Kellogg, B. Romanowicz, and M. E. Wysession, Seismic wave anisotropy in the D” region and its implications, in The Core Mantle Boundary, edited by M. Gurnis, B. A. Buffett, E. Knittle, and M. Wysession, pp.299-318, AGU Monograph, 1998b.
35. Matzel, E., S. E. Sen, and S. P. Grand, Evidence for anisotropy in the deep mantle beneath Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23,409-412, 1996.
36. Maupin, V., On the possibility of anisotropy in the D” layer as inferred from the polarization of diffracted S-waves, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 87,1-32, 1994.
37. Meade, C., P. G. Silver, and S. Kaneshima, Laboratory and seismological observations of lower mantle isotropy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22,1293-1296, 1995.
38. Montagner, J.-P. and B. L. N. Kennett, How to reconcile body-wave and normal-mode reference Earth model, Geophys. J. Int., 91,511-520, 1996.
39. Morgan, W. J., Convection plumes in the lower mantle, Nature, 230,42-43, 1971.
40. Musgrave, M. J. P., Crystal Acoustics, pp. 288, Holiden-Day, San Francisco, 1970.
41. Poirier, J. P. and J.-L. Le Mouël, Does infiltration of core material into the lower mantle affect the observed geomagnetic field?, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 73,29-37, 1992.
42. Rice, R. W., Hot working of oxides, in High Temperature Oxides, Part III, edited by A. M. Adler, pp.2345-2381, Academic Press, New York, 1970.
43. Ringwood, A. E., Phase transformations and their bearing on the constitution and dynamics of the mantle, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55,2083-2110, 1991.
44. Ritsema, J., T. Lay, E. J. Garnero, and H. Benz, Seismic anisotropy in the lowermost mantle beneath the Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25,1229-1232, 1998.
45. Simmons, G. and H. Wang, Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: A Handbook, pp. 370, The MIT Press, Cambridge, 1971.
46. Skrotzki, W. and P. Welch, Development of texture and microstructure in extruded ionic polycrystalline aggregates, Tectonophysics, 99,47-61, 1983.
47. Stacey, F. D. and D. E. Loper, The thermal boundary layer interpretation of D” and its roe as a plume source, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 33,45-55, 1983.
48. Tullis, J., J. M. Christie, and D. J. Griggs, Microstructures and preferred orientations of experimentally deformed quartzites, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 84,297-314, 1973.
49. Valenzuela, R. and M. E. Wysession, Illuminating the base of the mantle with diffracted waves, in The Core Mantle Boundary, edited by M. Gurnis, B. A. Buffett, E. Knittle, and M. Wysession, pp.57-71, AGU Monograph, 1998.
50. van der Hilst, R. D., S. Widiyantoro, and E. R. Engdahl, Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography, Nature, 386,578-584, 1997.
51. van Houtte, P. and F. Wagner, Development of textures by slip and twinning, in Preferred Orientation in deformed Metals and Rocks: An Introduction to Modern Texture Analysis, edited by H.-R. Wenk, pp.233-258, Academic Press, New York, 1985.
52. Vinnik, L., V. Farra, and B. Romanowicz, Observational evidence for diffracted SV in the shadow of the Earth's core, Geophys. Res. Lett, 16,519-522, 1989.
53. Vinnik, L., B. Romanowicz, Y. Le Stunff, and L. Makeyeva, Seismic anisotropy in the D” layer, Geophys. Res. Lett, 22,1657-1660, 1995.
54. Vinnik, L., L. Breger, and B. Romanowicz, Anisotropic structures at the base of the Earth's mantle, Nature, 393,564-567, 1998.
55. Wenk, H.-R., C. S. Venkitasubramanyan, D. W. Baker, and F. L. Turner, Preferred orientation in experimentally deformed limestone, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol, 38,81-114, 1973.
56. Wenk, H.-R., G. Canova, Y. Bréchet, and L. Flandin, A deformation-based model for recrystallization of anisotropic materials, Acta Mater, 45,3283-3296, 1997.
57. Williams, Q. and E. J. Garnero, Seismic evidence for partial melt at the base of the Earth's mantle, Science, 273,1528-1530, 1996.
58. Winchester, J. P. and K. C. Creager, Azimuthal anisotropy and abrupt transitions from slow to fast anomalies in the velocity structure of D”, Proc. 1997 IRIS Meeting, abstract, 1997.
59. Woodhouse, J. H. and A. M. Dziewonski, Seismic modelling of the Earth's large-scale three-dimensional structure, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond, A328,291-308, 1989.
60. Zhang, S. and S. Karato, Simple shear deformation of CaTiO3 perovskite, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1998 (submitted).
61. Zhang, S., M. E. Zimmerman, M. J. Daines, S. Karato, and D. L. Kohlstedt, Lattice preferred orientation and melt distribution in experimentally sheared olivine basalt rocks, EOS, Trans. AGU, 76, 281, 1995.
62. Zhang, S., S. Karato, and Y. Zhou, Simple shear deformation of olivine aggregates, Tectonophysics, 1998 (submitted).