The association of severe hypoglycemia with incident cardiovascular events and mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Care

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 104-111

  Lee, Alexandra K ^a   Warren, Bethany ^a   Lee, Clare J ^b   McEvoy, John W ^b   Matsushita, Kunihiro ^a   Huang, Elbert S ^c   Sharrett, A Richey ^a   Coresh, Josef ^a   Selvin, Elizabeth ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALL CAUSE MORTALITY; AMBULANCE; ARTICLE; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; CANCER MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GENDER; GROUPS BY AGE; HEART FAILURE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; ICD-9; INCIDENCE; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RACE; AGED; BLOOD; BODY MASS; COMPLICATION; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLISM; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; RISK FACTOR; SOCIOECONOMICS;

CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BODY MASS INDEX; CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASMS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TRIGLYCERIDES;

EID: 85038891949     PISSN: 01495992     EISSN: 19355548     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1669     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Goto A, Goto M, Terauchi Y, Yamaguchi N, Noda M. Association between severe hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular disease risk in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5: e002875
2. Leong A, Berkowitz SA, Triant VA, et al. Hypoglycemia in diabetesmellitus as a coronary artery disease risk factor in patients at elevated vascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101: 659-668
3. Khunti K, Davies M, Majeed A, Thorsted BL, Wolden ML, Paul SK. Hypoglycemia, and risk of cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in insulin-treated people with type 1, and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study. Diabetes Care 2015; 38: 316-322
4. Mellbin LG, Rydén L, Riddle MC, et al. ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Does hypoglycaemia increase the risk of cardiovascular events? A report from the ORIGIN trial. Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 3137-3144
5. Pistrosch F, Hanefeld M. Hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular disease: lessons from outcome studies. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15: 117
6. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al.; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Severe hypoglycemia, and risks of vascular events, and death. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1410-1418
7. International Hypoglycaemia Study Group. Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) should be reported in clinical trials: a joint position statement of the AmericanDiabetes Association, and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 155-157
8. Huang ES, Laiteerapong N, Liu JY, John PM, Moffet HH, Karter AJ. Rates of complications andmortality in older patients with diabetesmellitus: the diabetes, and aging study. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 251-258
9. Lipska KJ, Warton EM, Huang ES, et al. HbA1c, and risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes, and Aging Study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 3535-3542
10. Miller ME, Bonds DE, Gerstein HC, et al. ACCORDInvestigators. The effects of baseline characteristics, glycaemia treatment approach, and glycated haemoglobin concentration on the risk of severe hypoglycaemia: post hoc epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ 2010; 340: b5444
11. Hsu PF, Sung SH, Cheng HM, et al. Association of clinical symptomatic hypoglycemiawith cardiovascular events, and total mortality in type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 894-900
12. Frier BM, Schernthaner G, Heller SR. Hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular risks. Diabetes Care 2011; 34(Suppl. 2): S132-S137
13. Chow E, Bernjak A, Williams S, et al. Risk of cardiac arrhythmias during hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. Diabetes 2014; 63: 1738-1747
14. Stahn A, Pistrosch F, Ganz X, et al. Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes, and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: silent hypoglycemias, and silent arrhythmias. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 516-520
15. Jialal I, Dhindsa S. Hypoglycemia, and the predisposition to cardiovascular disease: is the proinflammatory-pro-coagulant diathesis a plausible explanation? Atherosclerosis 2016; 251: 504-506
16. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Carpena-Ruiz M, Montero-Errasquín B, Sánchez-Castellano C, Sánchez-García E. Exclusion of older adults from ongoing clinical trials about type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61: 734-738
17. ARIC Investigators. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design, and objectives. The ARIC investigators. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 687-702
18. Ginde AA, Blanc PG, Lieberman RM, Camargo CA Jr. Validation of ICD-9-CMcoding algorithmfor improved identification of hypoglycemia visits. BMC Endocr Disord 2008; 8: 4
19. Rosamond WD, Chang PP, Baggett C, et al. Classification of heart failure in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study: a comparison of diagnostic criteria. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5: 152-159
20. Alonso A, Agarwal SK, Soliman EZ, et al. Incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites, and African-Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J 2009; 158: 111-117
21. Vart P, Coresh J, Kwak L, Ballew SH, Heiss G, Matsushita K. Socioeconomic status, and incidence of hospitalization with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6: e004995
22. Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, et al. CKDEPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann InternMed 2009; 150: 604-612
23. ACCORD Study Group, Buse JB, Bigger JT, Byington RP, et al. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: design, and methods. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 21i-33i
24. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al. Eds. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2014. Bethesda, MD, National Cancer Institute. Available from https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2014/. Accessed 24 April 2017
25. Fizazi K, Greco FA, Pavlidis N, Daugaard G, Oien K, Pentheroudakis G; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Cancers of unknown primary site: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. AnnOncol 2015; 26(Suppl. 5): v133-v138
26. Mertens AJ, Sweeney C, Shahar E, Rosamond WD, Folsom AR. Physical activity, and breast cancer incidence in middle-aged women: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 97: 209-214
27. Prizment AE, Anderson KE, Visvanathan K, Folsom AR. Inverse association of eosinophil count with colorectal cancer incidence: atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:-1861-1864
28. Bedenis R, Price AH, Robertson CM, et al. Association between severe hypoglycemia, adverse macrovascular events, and inflammation in the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: 3301-3308
29. Zhao Y, Campbell CR, Fonseca V, Shi L. Impact of hypoglycemia associated with antihyperglycemicmedications on vascular risks in veteranswith type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1126-1132
30. Lee AK, McEvoy JW, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM, Selvin E. Severe hypoglycemia, and elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in older adults with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68: 1370-1371
31. Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal RM, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia, and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ 2010; 340: b4909
32. McCoy RG, Van Houten HK, Ziegenfuss JY, Shah ND, Wermers RA, Smith SA. Increased mortality of patients with diabetes reporting severe hypoglycemia. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1897-1901
33. Leese GP, Wang J, Broomhall J, et al. DARTS/MEMO Collaboration. Frequency of severe hypoglycemia requiringemergency treatment in type 1, and type 2 diabetes: a population-based study of health service resource use. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1176-1180
34. Lipska KJ, Ross JS, Wang Y, et al. National trends in US hospital admissions for hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999 to 2011. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174: 1116-1124
35. Lipska KJ, Yao X, Herrin J, et al. Trends in drug utilization, glycemic control, and rates of severe hypoglycemia, 2006-2013. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 468-475
36. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, et al. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes StudyGroup. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2545-2559
37. Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive blood glucose control, and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 2560-2572
38. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. VADT Investigators. Glucose control, and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 129-139
39. ORIGIN Trial Investigators. Predictors of nonsevere, and severe hypoglycemia during glucoselowering treatmentwith insulin glargine or standard drugs in the ORIGIN trial. Diabetes Care 2015; 38: 22-28
40. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment, and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853
41. Lee AK, Lee CJ, Huang ES, Sharrett AR, Coresh J, Selvin E. Risk factors for severe hypoglycemia in black, and white adults with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 1661-1667
42. Caverly TJ, Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, et al. Appropriate prescribing for patients with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: national survey of Veterans Affairs health care professionals. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175: 1994-1996
43. Karter AJ, Warton EM, Lipska KJ, et al. Development, and validation of a tool to identify patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of hypoglycemiarelated emergency department or hospital use. JAMA Intern Med 2017; 177: 1461-1470
44. Vimalananda VG, DeSotto K, Chen T, et al. A quality improvement programto reduce potential overtreatment of diabetes among Veterans at high risk of hypoglycemia. Diabetes Spectr 2017; 30: 211-216
45. Munshi MN, Slyne C, Segal AR, Saul N, Lyons C, Weinger K. Simplification of insulin regimen in older adults, and risk of hypoglycemia. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176: 1023-1025