Micronutrient Therapy for Violent and Aggressive Male Youth: An Open-Label Trial

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 2017, Pages 823-832

  Hambly, Jessica L ^a   Francis, Kelly ^b   Khan, Sohil ^a,c   Gibbons, Kristen S ^c   Walsh, William J ^d   Lambert, Brett ^e   Testa, Chris ^f   Haywood, Alison ^a,c  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Happiness in Health   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^d Walsh Research Institute   (United States)

^e Applied Analytical Laboratories   (Australia)

^f Chris Testa's Tugun Compounding Pharmacy   (Australia)

Author keywords

aggression; children; males; micronutrients; violence

Indexed keywords

COPPER; NUTRITION SUPPLEMENT; ZINC; TRACE ELEMENT;

ADOLESCENT; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDREN AGGRESSION SCALE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COPPER BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; EVENING DOSAGE; FAMILY FUNCTIONING; FAMILY FUNCTIONING STYLE SCALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; JUVENILE; MALE; MODIFIED OVERT AGGRESSION SCALE; MORNING DOSAGE; NAUSEA; OPEN STUDY; PEDIATRIC QUALITY OF LIFE INVENTORY; QUALITY OF LIFE; RATING SCALE; VIOLENCE; ZINC BLOOD LEVEL; FAMILY; FEMALE; MENTAL DISEASE; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE;

AGGRESSION; CHILD; FAMILY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MICRONUTRIENTS; QUALITY OF LIFE; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; VIOLENCE;

EID: 85033803158     PISSN: 10445463     EISSN: 15578992     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0199     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
2. Ames BN, Elson-Schwab I, Silver EA: High-dose vitamin therapy stimulates variant enzymes with decreased coenzyme binding affinity (increased K(m)): Relevance to genetic disease and polymorphisms. Am J Clin Nutr 75:616-658, 2002.
3. Arnold LE, Bozzolo H, Hollway J, Cook A, DiSilvestro RA, Bozzolo DR, Crowl L, Ramadan Y, Williams C: Serum zinc correlates with parent-and teacher-rated inattention in children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 15:628-636, 2005.
4. Barzman DH, Findling RL: Pharmacological treatment of pathologic aggression in children. Int Rev Psychiatry 20:151-157, 2008.
5. Black MM: Zinc deficiency and child development. Am J Clin Nutr 68:464S-469S, 1998.
6. Blader JC, Pliszka SR, Jensen PS, Schooler NR, Kafantaris V: Stimulant-responsive and stimulant-refractory aggressive behavior among children with ADHD. Pediatrics 126:e796-e806, 2010.
7. Chichinadze N, Chichinadze K, Lazarashvili A: Hormonal and neurochemical mechanisms of aggression and a new classification of aggressive behavior. Aggress Violent Behav 16:461-471, 2011.
8. Dean AJ, Bor W, Adam K, Bowling FG, Bellgrove MA: A randomized, controlled, crossover trial of fish oil treatment for impulsive aggression in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 24:140-148, 2014.
9. Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Polanczyk GV, Moffitt TE, Murray CJ, Vos T, Whiteford HA, Scott JG: The global burden of conduct disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2010. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:328-336, 2014.
10. Faber S, Zinn GM, Kern JC, Kingston HM: The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio as a biomarker in children with autism spectrum disorders. Biomarkers 14:171-180, 2009.
11. Frazier EA, Fristad MA, Arnold LE: Multinutrient supplement as treatment: Literature review and case report of a 12-year-old boy with bipolar disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19:453-460, 2009.
12. Frazier EA, Gracious B, Arnold LE, Failla M, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Habash D, Fristad MA: Nutritional and safety outcomes from an open-label micronutrient intervention for pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 23:558-567, 2013.
13. Fryar-Williams S, Strobel JE: Biomarkers of a five-domain translational substrate for schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis. Biomark Res 3:3, 2015.
14. Gesch CB, Hammond SM, Hampson SE, Eves A, Crowder MJ: Influence of supplementary vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids on the antisocial behaviour of young adult prisoners. Randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 181:22-28, 2002.
15. Halperin JM, McKay KE: Children's Aggression Scale Professional Manual. Lutz, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc., 2008.
16. Halperin JM, McKay KE, Grayson RH, Newcorn JH: Reliability, validity, and preliminary normative data for the Children's Aggression Scale-Teacher Version. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42:965-971, 2003.
17. Halperin JM, McKay KE, Newcorn JH: Development, reliability, and validity of the children's aggression scale-parent version. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41:245-252, 2002.
18. Hambidge M: Human zinc deficiency. J Nutr 130:1344S-1349S, 2000.
19. Hambly JL, Khan S, McDermott B, Bor W, Haywood A: Pharmacotherapy of conduct disorder: Challenges, options and future directions. J Psychopharmacol 30:967-975, 2016.
20. Hambly JL, Khan S, McDermott B, Bor W, Haywood A: Instruments for evaluating pharmacotherapy intervention efficacy in violent and aggressive behavior and conduct disorder in youth. Aggress Violent Behav 34:84-95, 2017.
21. Huang HC, Wang YT, Chen KC, Yeh TL, Lee IH, Chen PS, Yang YK, Lu RB: The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 13:303-306, 2009.
22. Hvas A-M, Juul S, Bech P, Nexø E: Vitamin B6 level is associated with symptoms of depression. Psychother Psychosom 73:340-343, 2004.
23. Kaplan BJ, Crawford SG, Field CJ, Simpson JS: Vitamins, minerals, and mood. Psychol Bull 133:747-760, 2007.
24. Kaplan BJ, Crawford SG, Gardner B, Farrelly G: Treatment of mood lability and explosive rage with minerals and vitamins: Two case studies in children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 12:205-219, 2002.
25. Kaplan BJ, Fisher JE, Crawford SG, Field CJ, Kolb B: Improved mood and behavior during treatment with a mineral-vitamin supplement: An open-label case series of children. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 14:115-122, 2004.
26. Klahr AM, Burt SA: Practitioner review: Evaluation of the known behavioral heterogeneity in conduct disorder to improve its assessment and treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:1300-1310, 2014.
27. Kronenberger WG, Giauque AL, Lafata DE, Bohnstedt BN, Maxey LE, Dunn DW: Quetiapine addition in methylphenidate treatmentresistant adolescents with comorbid ADHD, conduct/oppositionaldefiant disorder, and aggression: A prospective, open-label study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 17:334-347, 2007.
28. McGinnis WR, Audhya T, Walsh WJ, Jackson JA, McLaren-Howard J, Lewis A, Lauda PH, Bibus DM, Jurnak F, Lietha R, Hoffer A: Discerning the Mauve factor, Part 1. Altern Ther Health Med 14:40-50, 2008a.
29. McGinnis WR, Audhya T, Walsh WJ, Jackson JA, McLaren-Howard J, Lewis A, Lauda PH, Bibus DM, Jurnak F, Lietha R, Hoffer A: Discerning the Mauve factor, Part 2. Altern Ther Health Med 14:56-62, 2008b.
30. Mehl-Madrona L, Leung B, Kennedy C, Paul S, Kaplan BJ: Micronutrients versus standard medication management in autism: A naturalistic case-control study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20:95-103, 2010.
31. Niki E: Role of vitamin E as a lipid-soluble peroxyl radical scavenger: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Free Radic Biol Med 66:3-12, 2014.
32. Pilling S, Gould N, Whittington C, Taylor C, Scott S, Guideline Development G: Recognition, intervention, and management of antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: Summary of NICE-SCIE guidance. BMJ 346:f1298, 2013.
33. Ploysangam A, Falciglia GA, Brehm BJ: Effect of marginal zinc deficiency on human growth and development. J Trop Pediatr 43:192-198, 1997.
34. Prasad AS: Zinc deficiency in women, infants and children. J Am Coll Nutr 15:113-120, 1996.
35. Rose RC: Transport of ascorbic acid and other water-soluble vitamins. Biochem Biophys Acta 947:335-366, 1988.
36. Rucklidge JJ, Kaplan BJ: Broad-spectrum micronutrient formulas for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms: A systematic review. Expert Rev Neurother 13:49-73, 2013.
37. Rucklidge JJ, Kaplan BJ, Mulder RT: What if nutrients could treat mental illness? Aust N Z J Psychiatry 49:407-408, 2015.
38. Schoenthaler SJ, Amos SP, Eysenck HJ, Peritz E, Yudkin J: Controlled trial of vitamin-mineral supplementation: Effects of intelligence and performance. Pers Indiv Differ 12:351-362, 1991.
39. Schoenthaler SJ, Bier ID: The effect of vitamin-mineral supplementation on juvenile delinquency among American schoolchildren: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med 6:7-17, 2000.
40. Shils M, Shike M, Ross A, Caballero B, Cousins R: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed. Baltimore (Maryland), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2006.
41. Sorgi P, Ratey J, Knoedler DW, Markert RJ, Reichman M: Rating aggression in the clinical setting. A retrospective adaptation of the Overt Aggression Scale: Preliminary results. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 3:S52-S56, 1991.
42. StataCorp: Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station (Texas), StataCorp LP, 2015.
43. Sylvia LG, Peters AT, Deckersbach T, Nierenberg AA: Nutrientbased therapies for bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Psychother Psychosom 82:10-19, 2013.
44. Trivette CM, Dunst CJ, Deal AG, Hamer AW, Propst S: Assessing family strengths and family functioning style. Top Early Childhood Special Educ 10:16-35, 1990.
45. Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Katz ER, Meeske K, Dickinson P: The PedsQL in pediatric cancer: Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales, Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and Cancer Module. Cancer 94:2090-2106, 2002.
46. Varni JW, Seid M, Smith Knight T, Burwinkle T, Brown J, Szer IS: The PedsQL in pediatric rheumatology: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales and Rheumatology Module. Arthritis Rheumat 46:714-725, 2002.
47. Viktorinova A, Ursinyova M, Trebaticka J, Uhnakova I, Durackova Z, Masanova V: Changed plasma levels of zinc and copper to zinc ratio and their possible associations with parent-and teacher-rated symptoms in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biol Trace Elem Res 169:1-7, 2016.
48. Vucijak N, Petrovic S, Bezbradica D, Knezevic-Jugovic Z, Mijin D: Synthesis of B6 vitamin. Hem Ind 63:353-360, 2009.
49. Walsh W: Nutrient Power: Heal Your Biochemistry and Heal Your Brain. New York, Skyhorse Pub., 2012.
50. Walsh WJ, Glab LB, Haakenson ML: Reduced violent behavior following biochemical therapy. Physiol Behav 82:835-839, 2004.
51. Walsh WJ, Isaacson HR, Rehman F, Hall A: Elevated blood copper/ zinc ratios in assaultive young males. Physiol Behav 62:327-329, 1997.
52. Wehmeier PM, Schacht A, Dittmann RW, Helsberg K, Schneider-Fresenius C, Lehmann M, Bullinger M, Ravens-Sieberer U: Effect of atomoxetine on quality of life and family burden: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder. Qual Life Res 20:691-702, 2011.
53. Zaalberg A, Nijman H, Bulten E, Stroosma L, van der Staak C: Effects of nutritional supplements on aggression, rule-breaking, and psychopathology among young adult prisoners. Aggress Behav 36: 117-126, 2010.