Epidemiology of sepsis-like illness in young infants: Major role of enterovirus and human parechovirus

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 113-118

  De Jong, Eveline P ^a   Van Den Beuken, Monique G A ^b   Van Elzakker, Erika P M ^c   Wolthers, Katja C ^d   Sprij, Arwen J ^a   Lopriore, Enrico ^a   Walther, Frans J ^a   Brus, Frank ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b Van Weel Bethesda Ziekenhuis   (Netherlands)

^c HAGA HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^d ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis; human enterovirus; human parechovirus; infants; sepsis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CEREBROSPINAL FLUID; CLINICAL FEATURE; COHORT ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENTEROVIRUS; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN PARECHOVIRUS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEWBORN; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL; PLEOCYTOSIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PYREXIA IDIOPATHICA; SECONDARY HEALTH CARE; SEPSIS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION; GENETICS; NETHERLANDS; PARECHOVIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS INFECTION; PREVALENCE; VIROLOGY;

COHORT STUDIES; ENTEROVIRUS; ENTEROVIRUS INFECTIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; NETHERLANDS; PARECHOVIRUS; PICORNAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEPSIS;

EID: 85033699256     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: 15320987     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001718     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Thompson M, Van den Bruel A, Verbakel J, et al. Systematic review and validation of prediction rules for identifying children with serious infections in emergency departments and urgent-access primary care. Health Technol Assess. 2012;16:1-100.
2. Arora R, Mahajan P. Evaluation of child with fever without source: Review of literature and update. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:1049-1062.
3. Rotbart HA, McCracken GH Jr, Whitley RJ, et al. Clinical significance of enteroviruses in serious summer febrile illnesses of children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:869-874.
4. Benschop KS, Schinkel J, Minnaar RP, et al. Human parechovirus infections in Dutch children and the association between serotype and disease severity. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:204-210.
5. Rittichier KR, Bryan PA, Bassett KE, et al. Diagnosis and outcomes of enterovirus infections in young infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:546-550.
6. Cabrerizo M, Trallero G, Pena MJ, et al; study group of "Enterovirus and parechovirus infections in children under 3 years-old, Spain" PI12-00904. Comparison of epidemiology and clinical characteristics of infections by human parechovirus vs. those by enterovirus during the first month of life. Eur J Pediatr. 2015;174:1511-1516.
7. Miller DG, Gabrielson MO, Bart KJ, et al. An epidemic of aseptic meningitis, primarily among infants, caused by echovirus 11-prime. Pediatrics. 1968;41:77-90.
8. Lee BE, Davies HD. Aseptic meningitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2007;20: 272-277.
9. Harvala H, Robertson I, Chieochansin T, et al. Specific association of human parechovirus type 3 with sepsis and fever in young infants, as identified by direct typing of cerebrospinal fluid samples. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:1753-1760.
10. Selvarangan R, Nzabi M, Selvaraju SB, et al. Human parechovirus 3 causing sepsis-like illness in children from midwestern United States. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30:238-242.
11. Verboon-Maciolek MA, Krediet TG, Gerards LJ, et al. Severe neonatal parechovirus infection and similarity with enterovirus infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:241-245.
12. Piñeiro L, Vicente D, Montes M, et al. Human parechoviruses in infants with systemic infection. J Med Virol. 2010;82:1790-1796.
13. Verboon-Maciolek MA, Groenendaal F, Cowan F, et al. White matter damage in neonatal enterovirus meningoencephalitis. Neurology. 2006;66:1267-1269.
14. Verboon-Maciolek MA, Groenendaal F, Hahn CD, et al. Human parechovirus causes encephalitis with white matter injury in neonates. Ann Neurol. 2008;64:266-273.
15. King RL, Lorch SA, Cohen DM, et al. Routine cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction testing reduces hospitalization and antibiotic use for infants 90 days of age or younger. Pediatrics. 2007;120:489-496.
16. Verboon-Maciolek MA, Krediet TG, Gerards LJ, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of viral infections in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 12-year period. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:901-904.
17. Jeziorski E, Schuffenecker I, Bohrer S, et al. Relevance of human parechovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid samples from young infants with sepsis-like illness. J Clin Lab Anal. 2015;29:112-115.
18. Harvala H, Griffiths M, Solomon T, et al. Distinct systemic and central nervous system disease patterns in enterovirus and parechovirus infected children. J Infect. 2014;69:69-74.
19. Harvala H, Robertson I, McWilliam Leitch EC, et al. Epidemiology and clinical associations of human parechovirus respiratory infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3446-3453.
20. Chiu CH, Lin TY, Bullard MJ. Application of criteria identifying febrile outpatient neonates at low risk for bacterial infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:946-949.
21. McCarthy PL, Sharpe MR, Spiesel SZ, et al. Observation scales to identify serious illness in febrile children. Pediatrics. 1982;70:802-809.
22. Greenberg RG, Smith PB, Cotten CM, et al. Traumatic lumbar punctures in neonates: Test performance of the cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:1047-1051.
23. Kliegman R, Stanton B, St. Geme J, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2016.
24. Kestenbaum LA, Ebberson J, Zorc JJ, et al. Defining cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count reference values in neonates and young infants. Pediatrics. 2010;125:257-264.
25. Corless CE, Guiver M, Borrow R, et al. Development and evaluation of a 'real-time' RT-PCR for the detection of enterovirus and parechovirus RNA in CSF and throat swab samples. J Med Virol. 2002;67:555-562.
26. Jokela P, Joki-Korpela P, Maaronen M, et al. Detection of human picornaviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR and liquid hybridization. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1239-1245.
27. Noordhoek GT, Weel JF, Poelstra E, et al. Clinical validation of a new realtime PCR assay for detection of enteroviruses and parechoviruses, and implications for diagnostic procedures. J Clin Virol. 2008;41:75-80.
28. Leitch EC, Harvala H, Robertson I, et al. Direct identification of human enterovirus serotypes in cerebrospinal fluid by amplification and sequencing of the VP1 region. J Clin Virol. 2009;44:119-124.
29. Erratum in J Clin Virol. 2011;51:286.
30. Leggiadro RJ, Darras BT. Viral and bacterial pathogens of suspected sepsis in young infants. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983;2:287-289.
31. Wolthers Katja C, Benschop Kimberley SM, Schinkel J, et al. Human parechoviruses as an important viral cause of sepsislike illness and meningitis in young children. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:358-63.
32. Harvala H, McLeish N, Kondracka J, et al. Comparison of human parechovirus and enterovirus detection frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected over a 5-year period in edinburgh: HPeV type 3 identified as the most common picornavirus type. J Med Virol. 2011;83:889-896.
33. van der Sanden SM, Koopmans MP, van der Avoort HG. Detection of human enteroviruses and parechoviruses as part of the national enterovirus surveillance in the Netherlands, 1996-2011. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32:1525-1531.
34. Krajden S, Middleton PJ. Enterovirus infections in the neonate. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1983;22:87-92.
35. Lee ST, Ki CS, Lee NY. Molecular characterization of enteroviruses isolated from patients with aseptic meningitis in Korea, 2005. Arch Virol. 2007;152:963-970.
36. Chang LY, Lin TY, Huang YC, et al. Comparison of enterovirus 71 and coxsackie-virus A16 clinical illnesses during the Taiwan enterovirus epidemic, 1998. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18:1092-1096.
37. Lim CT, Jiang L, Ma S, et al. Basic reproduction number of coxsackievirus type A6 and A16 and enterovirus 71: Estimates from outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore, a tropical city-state. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144:1028-1034.
38. Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:929-935.
39. Wright HT Jr, Landing BH, Lennette EH, et al. Fatal infection in an infant associated with Coxsackie virus group A, type 16. N Engl J Med. 1963;268:1041-1044.
40. Goldberg MF, McAdams AJ. Myocarditis possibly due to Coxsackie group A, type 16, virus. J Pediatr. 1963;62:762-765.
41. Wang CY, Li Lu F, Wu MH, et al. Fatal coxsackievirus A16 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:275-276.
42. Astrup BS, Johnsen IB, Engsbro AL. The role of Coxsackievirus A16 in a case of sudden unexplained death in an infant - A SUDI case. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;259:e9-13.
43. Pajkrt D, Benschop KS, Westerhuis B, et al. Clinical characteristics of human parechoviruses 4-6 infections in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:1008-1010.
44. Harvala H, Simmonds P. Human parechoviruses: Biology, epidemiology and clinical significance. J Clin Virol. 2009;45:1-9.
45. Yun KW, Choi EH, Cheon DS, et al. Enteroviral meningitis without pleocytosis in children. Arch Dis Child. 2012;97:874-878.