Components and outcomes of internet-based interventions for caregivers of older adults: Systematic review

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 19, Issue 9, 2017, Pages

  Guay, Cassioppée ^a,b   Auger, Claudine ^a,b   Demers, Louise ^a,c   Mortenson, W Ben ^d,e,f   Miller, William C ^d,e   Gélinas Bronsard, Dominique ^a,b   Ahmed, Sara ^a,b,g  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b CENTRE FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH IN REHABILITATION OF GREATER MONTREAL   (Canada)

^c CENTRE DE RECHERCHE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e GF STRONG REHABILITATION CENTRE   (Canada)

^f INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON REPAIR DISCOVERIES   (Canada)

^g MCGILL UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aged; Behavior change; Caregivers; Internet; Internet based interventions; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

CAREGIVER; HUMAN; INTERNET; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; QUALITY OF LIFE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UTILIZATION;

CAREGIVERS; HUMANS; INTERNET; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE; SOCIAL SUPPORT; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 85031110784     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7896     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Walker A, Pratt C, Eddy L. Informal caregiving to aging family members: a critical review. Fam Relat 1995;44(4):402-411. [doi: 10.2307/584996]
2. Turcotte M, Sawaya C. Statistique Canada. Soins aux aînés: différences selon le type de logement URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-006-x/2015001/article/14142-fra.pdf [accessed 2017-04-20] [WebCite Cache ID 6psGobeGI]
3. National Alliance for Caregiving, AARP Public Policy Institute. Caregivers of Older Adults: A Focused Look at Those Caring for Someone Age 50+. 2015 Jun. URL: http://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015_CaregivingintheUS_Care-Recipients-Over-50_WEB.pdf [accessed 2017-04-20] [WebCite Cache ID _6psGz39ET]
4. Karlamangla A, Tinetti M, Guralnik J, Studenski S, Wetle T, Reuben D. Comorbidity in older adults: nosology of impairment, diseases, and conditions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007;62(3):296-300. [doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.3.296]
5. Zarit S, Todd P, Zarit J. Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: a longitudinal study. Gerontologist 1986 Jun 01;26(3):260-266. [doi: 10.1093/geront/26.3.260]
6. Turcotte M. Statistics Canada. 2013 Sep. Family caregiving: what are the consequences? URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-006-x/2013001/article/11858-eng.pdf [accessed 2017-04-20] [WebCite Cache ID _6psH8vzlO]
7. Adelman R, Tmanova L, Delgado D, Dion S, Lachs M. Caregiver burden: a clinical review. JAMA 2014 Mar 12;311(10):1052-1060. [doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.304] [Medline: 24618967]
8. Sinha M. Statistics Canada. 2013 Sep. Portrait of caregivers URL: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2013001-eng.pdf [accessed 2017-04-20] [WebCite Cache ID _6psGUKi55]
9. Pearlin L, Mullan J, Semple S, Skaff M. Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures. Gerontologist 1990 Oct 01;30(5):583-594. [doi: 10.1093/geront/30.5.583]
10. Navaie M. Accessibility of caregiver education and support programs: reaching hard-to-reach caregivers. In: Toseland RW, Haigler DH, Monahan DJ, editors. Education and Support Programs for Caregivers. New York: Springer New York; 2011:13-28.
11. Boots LM, de Vugt ME, van Knippenberg RJ, Kempen GI, Verhey FR. A systematic review of Internet-based supportive interventions for caregivers of patients with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014 Apr;29(4):331-344. [doi: 10.1002/gps.4016] [Medline: 23963684]
12. Chi N, Demiris G. A systematic review of telehealth tools and interventions to support family caregivers. J Telemed Telecare 2015;21(1):37-44. [doi: 10.1177/1357633×14562734]
13. Hu C, Kung S, Rummans TA, Clark MM, Lapid MI. Reducing caregiver stress with internet-based interventions: a systematic review of open-label and randomized controlled trials. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2015 Apr;22(e1):e194-e209 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2014-002817] [Medline: 25125686]
14. Kaltenbaugh DJ, Klem ML, Hu L, Turi E, Haines AJ, Hagerty LJ. Using Web-based interventions to support caregivers of patients with cancer: a systematic review. Oncol Nurs Forum 2015 Mar;42(2):156-164. [doi: 10.1188/15.ONF.156-164] [Medline: 25806882]
15. Magnusson L, Hanson E, Nolan M. The impact of information and communication technology on family carers of older people and professionals in Sweden. Ageing Soc 2005 Aug 23;25(05):693. [doi: 10.1017/S0144686X05003673]
16. Perkins E, LaMartin K. The Internet as social support for older carers of adults with intellectual disabilities. J Policy Pract Intel 2012;9(1):53-62. [doi: 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2012.00330.x]
17. Wu Y, Faucounau V, de Rotrou J, Riguet M, Rigaud A. [Information and communication technology interventions supporting carers of people with Alzheimer's disease: a literature review]. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2009;7(3):185-192. [doi: 10.1684/pnv.2009.0175]
18. Lewis B, Williams D, Neighbors C, Jakicic J, Marcus B. Cost analysis of Internet vs print interventions for physical activity promotion. Psychol Sport Exerc 2010;11(3):246-249. [doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009]
19. Barak A, Klein B, Proudfoot JG. Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Ann Behav Med 2009 Aug;38(1):4-17. [doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7] [Medline: 19787305]
20. Webb TL, Joseph J, Yardley L, Michie S. Using the internet to promote health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. J Med Internet Res 2010 Feb;12(1):e4 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1376] [Medline: 20164043]
21. Murray E. Web-based interventions for behavior change and self-management: potential, pitfalls, and progress. Med 2 0 2012 Aug;1(2):e3 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/med20.1741] [Medline: 25075231]
22. Abraham C, Michie S. A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychol 2008 May;27(3):379-387. [doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.379] [Medline: 18624603]
23. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097] [Medline: 19621072]
24. Schünemann H, Brozek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A. Handbook for Grading the Quality of Evidence and the Strength of Recommendations Using the GRADE Approach. 2013. URL: http://gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org/app/handbook/handbook.html [WebCite Cache ID _6psHGGOvH]
25. Eysenbach G, CONSORT E-Health Group. CONSORT-EHEALTH: improving and standardizing evaluation reports of Web-based and mobile health interventions. J Med Internet Res 2011 Dec;13(4):e126 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.1923] [Medline: 22209829]
26. Higgins J, Green S. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5. 2011. URL: http://handbook.cochrane.org [accessed 2017-04-20] [WebCite Cache ID _6psHOBmms]
27. Beauchamp N, Irvine AB, Seeley J, Johnson B. Worksite-based Internet multimedia program for family caregivers of persons with dementia. Gerontologist 2005 Dec 01;45(6):793-801. [doi: 10.1093/geront/45.6.793]
28. Blom M, Zarit S, Groot ZR, Cuijpers P, Pot A. Effectiveness of an internet intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia: results of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2015;10(2):a. [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116622]
29. Chih M, Dubenske L, Hawkins R, Brown R, Dinauer S, Cleary J. Communicating advanced cancer patients' symptoms via the Internet: a pooled analysis of two randomized trials examining caregiver preparedness, physical burden, and negative mood. Palliative Med 2013;27(6):533-543. [doi: 10.1177/0269216312457213]
30. Cristancho-Lacroix V, Wrobel J, Cantegreil-Kallen I, Dub T, Rouquette A, Rigaud AS. A web-based psychoeducational program for informal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 2015 May 12;17(5):e117 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.3717] [Medline: 25967983]
31. DuBenske L, Gustafson D, Namkoong K, Hawkins R, Atwood A, Brown R, et al. CHESS improves cancer caregivers' burden and mood: results of an eHealth RCT. Health Psychol 2014 Oct;33(10):1261-1272 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1037/a0034216] [Medline: 24245838]
32. Eames S, Hoffmann T, Worrall L, Read S, Wong A. Randomised controlled trial of an education and support package for stroke patients and their carers. BMJ Open 2013 May 08;3(5):e002538 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002538] [Medline: 23657469]
33. Kim J, Lee S, Kim J. Effects of a web-based stroke education program on recurrence prevention behaviors among stroke patients: a pilot study. Health Educ Res 2013;28(3):488-501. [doi: 10.1093/her/cyt044]
34. McLaughlin KA, Glang A, Beaver SV, Gau JM, Keen S. Web-based training in family advocacy. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2013;28(5):341-348 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e31824e1d43] [Medline: 22688211]
35. Namkoong K, DuBenske LL, Shaw BR, Gustafson DH, Hawkins RP, Shah DV, et al. Creating a bond between caregivers online: effect on caregivers' coping strategies. J Health Commun 2012;17(2):125-140 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.585687] [Medline: 22004055]
36. Pierce LL, Steiner VL, Khuder SA, Govoni AL, Horn LJ. The effect of a Web-based stroke intervention on carers' well-being and survivors' use of healthcare services. Disabil Rehabil 2009;31(20):1676-1684. [doi: 10.1080/09638280902751972] [Medline: 19479528]
37. Smith G, Egbert N, Dellman-Jenkins M, Nanna K, Palmieri P. Reducing depression in stroke survivors and their informal caregivers: a randomized clinical trial of a web-based intervention. Rehabil Psychol 2012;57(3):196-206. [doi: 10.1037/a0029587]
38. Torkamani M, McDonald L, Saez AI, Kanios C, Katsanou M, Madeley L, ALADDIN Collaborative Group. A randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate a technology platform for the assisted living of people with dementia and their carers. J Alzheimers Dis 2014;41(2):515-523. [doi: 10.3233/JAD-132156] [Medline: 24643137]
39. Chiang L, Chen W, Dai Y, Ho Y. The effectiveness of telehealth care on caregiver burden, mastery of stress, and family function among family caregivers of heart failure patients: a quasi-experimental study. Int J Nurs Stud 2012;49(10):1230-1242. [doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.04.013]
40. Czaja SJ, Loewenstein D, Schulz R, Nair SN, Perdomo D. A videophone psychosocial intervention for dementia caregivers. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013 Nov;21(11):1071-1081. [doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.02.019] [Medline: 23831174]
41. Glynn SM, Randolph ET, Garrick T, Lui A. A proof of concept trial of an online psychoeducational program for relatives of both veterans and civilians living with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2010;33(4):278-287. [doi: 10.2975/33.4.2010.278.287] [Medline: 20374986]
42. Kajiyama B, Thompson LW, Eto-Iwase T, Yamashita M, Di Mario J, Marian TY, et al. Exploring the effectiveness of an internet-based program for reducing caregiver distress using the iCare Stress Management e-Training Program. Aging Ment Health 2013 Jul;17(5):544-554 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.775641] [Medline: 23461355]
43. Marziali E, Donahue P. Caring for others: Internet video-conferencing group intervention for family caregivers of older adults with neurodegenerative disease. Gerontologist 2006;46(3):398-403. [doi: 10.1093/geront/46.3.398]
44. Marziali E, Garcia LJ. Dementia caregivers' responses to 2 Internet-based intervention programs. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2011 Feb;26(1):36-43. [doi: 10.1177/1533317510387586] [Medline: 21282276]
45. Pagán-Ortiz ME, Cortés DE, Rudloff N, Weitzman P, Levkoff S. Use of an online community to provide support to caregivers of people with dementia. J Gerontol Soc Work 2014 Jul;57(6-7):694-709 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1080/01634372.2014.901998] [Medline: 24689359]
46. van der Roest HG, Meiland FJ, Jonker C, Dröes R. User evaluation of the DEMentia-specific Digital Interactive Social Chart (DEM-DISC). A pilot study among informal carers on its impact, user friendliness and, usefulness. Aging Ment Health 2010 May;14(4):461-470. [doi: 10.1080/13607860903311741] [Medline: 20455122]
47. Chiu T, Marziali E, Colantonio A, Carswell A, Gruneir M, Tang M, et al. Internet-based caregiver support for Chinese Canadians taking care of a family member with Alzheimer disease and related dementia. Can J Aging 2009 Dec;28(4):323-336. [doi: 10.1017/S0714980809990158] [Medline: 19925698]
48. Dew M, Goycoolea J, Harris R, Lee A, Zomak R, Dunbar-Jacob J. An internet-based intervention to improve psychosocial outcomes in heart transplant recipients and family caregivers: development and evaluation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2004;23(6):745-758. [doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2003.07.002]
49. Ducharme F, Dube V, Lévesque L, Saulnier D, Giroux F. An Online Stress Management Training Program as a Supportive Nursing Intervention for Family Caregivers of an Elderly Person. Can Nurs Inform J 2011;6(2):e1.
50. Glueckauf R, Ketterson T, Loomis J, Dages P. Online support and education for dementia caregivers: overview, utilization, and initial program evaluation. Telemed J E Health 2004;10(2):223-232. [doi: 10.1089/1530562041641354]
51. Klemm PR, Hayes ER, Diefenbeck CA, Milcarek B. Online support for employed informal caregivers: psychosocial outcomes. Comput Inform Nurs 2014 Jan;32(1):10-20. [doi: 10.1097/CIN.0000000000000009] [Medline: 24284908]
52. Kwok T, Au A, Wong B, Ip I, Mak V, Ho F. Effectiveness of online cognitive behavioral therapy on family caregivers of people with dementia. Clin Interv Aging 2014 Apr;9:631. [doi: 10.2147/CIA.S56337] [Medline: 24748781]
53. Lewis ML, Hobday JV, Hepburn KW. Internet-based program for dementia caregivers. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2010 Dec 04;25(8):674-679. [doi: 10.1177/1533317510385812]
54. Lexis M, Everink I, van Der Heide L, Spreeuwenberg M, Willems C, de Witte L. Activity monitoring technology to support homecare delivery to frail and psychogeriatric elderly persons living at home alone. Technol Disabil 2013;25:189-197. [doi: 10.3233/TAD-130377]
55. Lorig K, Thompson-Gallagher D, Traylor L, Ritter PL, Laurent DD, Plant K, et al. Building better caregivers. J Appl Gerontol 2010 Dec 15;31(3):423-437. [doi: 10.1177/0733464810389806]
56. Magnusson L, Hanson E, Brito L, Berthold H, Chambers M, Daly T. Supporting family carers through the use of information and communication technology-the EU project ACTION. Int J Nurs Stud 2002 May;39(4):369-381. [doi: 10.1016/S0020-7489(01)00034-7]
57. Mahoney D, Mutschler P, Tarlow B, Liss E. Real world implementation lessons and outcomes from the Worker Interactive Networking (WIN) project: workplace-based online caregiver support and remote monitoring of elders at home. Telemed J E Health 2008;14(3):224-234. [doi: 10.1089/tmj.2007.0046]
58. McKechnie V, Barker C, Stott J. The effectiveness of an Internet support forum for carers of people with dementia: a pre-post cohort study. J Med Internet Res 2014 Feb;16(2):e68 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.3166] [Medline: 24583789]
59. Nahm E, Resnick B, Orwig D, Magaziner J, Bellantoni M, Sterling R, et al. A theory-based online hip fracture resource center for caregivers: effects on dyads. Nurs Res 2012;61(6):413-422 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e318270712a] [Medline: 23052420]
60. Northouse L, Schafenacker A, Barr KL, Katapodi M, Yoon H, Brittain K, et al. A tailored web-based psychoeducational intervention for cancer patients and their family caregivers. Cancer Nurs 2014;37(5):1. [doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000159]
61. Sander AM, Clark AN, Atchison TB, Rueda M. A web-based videoconferencing approach to training caregivers in rural areas to compensate for problems related to traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2009;24(4):248-261. [doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181ad593a]
62. Scott K, Beatty L. Feasibility study of a self-guided cognitive behaviour therapy Internet intervention for cancer carers. Aust J Prim Health 2013;19(4):270. [doi: 10.1071/PY13025]
63. Stjernswärd S, Östman M. Illuminating user experience of a website for the relatives of persons with depression. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2010 Mar 16;57(4):375-386. [doi: 10.1177/0020764009358388]
64. Torp S, Hanson E, Hauge S, Ulstein I, Magnusson L. A pilot study of how information and communication technology may contribute to health promotion among elderly spousal carers in Norway. Health Soc Care Community 2008 Jan;16(1):75-85. [doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00725.x] [Medline: 18181817]
65. Lundberg S. The results from a two-year case study of an information and communication technology support system for family caregivers. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2014 Jul;9(4):353-358. [doi: 10.3109/17483107.2013.814170] [Medline: 23855387]
66. Sabat S. Flourishing of the self while caregiving for a person with dementia: a case study of education, counseling, and psychosocial support via email. Dementia 2011;10(1):91-97. [doi: 10.1177/1471301210392986]
67. Williams K, Arthur A, Niedens M, Moushey L, Hutfles L. In-home monitoring support for dementia caregivers: a feasibility study. Clin Nurs Res 2013;22(2):139-150. [doi: 10.1177/1054773812460545]
68. Zulman DM, Piette JD, Jenchura EC, Asch SM, Rosland A. Facilitating out-of-home caregiving through health information technology: survey of informal caregivers' current practices, interests, and perceived barriers. J Med Internet Res 2013 Jul 10;15(7):e123 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2472] [Medline: 23841987]
69. Kelders SM, Kok RN, Ossebaard HC, Van Gemert-Pijnen JE. Persuasive system design does matter: a systematic review of adherence to web-based interventions. J Med Internet Res 2012 Nov 14;14(6):e152 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2104] [Medline: 23151820]
70. Noar SM, Benac CN, Harris MS. Does tailoring matter? Meta-analytic review of tailored print health behavior change interventions. Psychol Bull 2007 Jul;133(4):673-693. [doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.673] [Medline: 17592961]
71. Kampmeijer R, Pavlova M, Tambor M, Golinowska S, Groot W. The use of e-health and m-health tools in health promotion and primary prevention among older adults: a systematic literature review. BMC Health Serv Res 2016;16(Suppl 5):290. [doi: 10.1186/s12913-016-1522-3]
72. Schook RM, Linssen C, Schramel FM, Festen J, Lammers E, Smit EF, et al. Why do patients and caregivers seek answers from the Internet and online lung specialists? A qualitative study. J Med Internet Res 2014 Feb;16(2):e37 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2196/jmir.2842] [Medline: 24496139]
73. Kinnane NA, Milne DJ. The role of the Internet in supporting and informing carers of people with cancer: a literature review. Support Care Cancer 2010 Sep;18(9):1123-1136. [doi: 10.1007/s00520-010-0863-4] [Medline: 20336326]
74. Selwood A, Johnston K, Katona C, Lyketsos C, Livingston G. Systematic review of the effect of psychological interventions on family caregivers of people with dementia. J Affect Disord 2007;101(1-3):75-89. [doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006]
75. Bien-Barkowska K, Doroszkiewicz H, Bien B. Silent strain of caregiving: exploring the best predictors of distress in family carers of geriatric patients. Clin Interv Aging 2017 Feb;12:263-274 [FREE Full _text] [doi: 10.2147/CIA.S125664] [Medline: 28203067]