메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2017, Pages 1240-1267

Bladder cancer, version 5.2017: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology

(36)  Spiess, Philippe E a   Agarwal, Neeraj b   Bangs, Rick ac   Boorjian, Stephen A a   Buyyounouski, Mark K c   Clark, Peter E d   Downs, Tracy M e   Efstathiou, Jason A f   Flaig, Thomas W g   Friedlander, Terence h   Greenberg, Richard E i   Guru, Khurshid A j   Hahn, Noah k   Herr, Harry W l   Hoimes, Christopher m   Inman, Brant A n   Jimbo, Masahito o   Kader, A Karim p   Lele, Subodh M q   Meeks, Joshua J r   more..


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ATEZOLIZUMAB; AVELUMAB; DURVALUMAB; NIVOLUMAB; PEMBROLIZUMAB;

EID: 85030858287     PISSN: 15401405     EISSN: 15401413     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2017.0156     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (216)

References (101)
  • 2
    • 85082206070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed July 25, 2017
    • Cancer Stat Facts: Bladder Cancer. Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html. Accessed July 25, 2017.
  • 4
    • 84961221276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-Part B: Prostate and bladder tumours
    • Humphrey PA, Moch H, Cubilla AL, et al. The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part B: prostate and bladder tumours. Eur Urol 2016; 70:106-119.
    • (2016) Eur Urol , vol.70 , pp. 106-119
    • Humphrey, P.A.1    Moch, H.2    Cubilla, A.L.3
  • 5
    • 85030865430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is new in genitourinary pathology? Recent developments and highlights of the new 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs
    • Athanazio DA, Trpkov K. What is new in genitourinary pathology? Recent developments and highlights of the new 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs. Applied Cancer Research 2016; 36:1.
    • (2016) Applied Cancer Research , vol.36 , pp. 1
    • Athanazio, D.A.1    Trpkov, K.2
  • 6
    • 75849120603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer
    • Chalasani V, Chin JL, Izawa JI. Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J 2009; 3:S193-198.
    • (2009) Can Urol Assoc J , vol.3 , pp. S193-S198
    • Chalasani, V.1    Chin, J.L.2    Izawa, J.I.3
  • 7
    • 84866985822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urachal adenocarcinoma: A clinician's guide for treatment
    • Siefker-Radtke A. Urachal adenocarcinoma: a clinician's guide for treatment. Semin Oncol 2012; 39:619-624.
    • (2012) Semin Oncol , vol.39 , pp. 619-624
    • Siefker-Radtke, A.1
  • 8
    • 84858129258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary bladder cancer: Role of MR imaging
    • Verma S, Rajesh A, Prasad SR, et al. Urinary bladder cancer: role of MR imaging. Radiographics 2012; 32:371-387.
    • (2012) Radiographics , vol.32 , pp. 371-387
    • Verma, S.1    Rajesh, A.2    Prasad, S.R.3
  • 9
    • 77955472338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of radical transurethral resection as monotherapy for selected patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer
    • Solsona E, Iborra I, Collado A, et al. Feasibility of radical transurethral resection as monotherapy for selected patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 2010; 184:475-480.
    • (2010) J Urol , vol.184 , pp. 475-480
    • Solsona, E.1    Iborra, I.2    Collado, A.3
  • 10
    • 34648843748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organ preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection
    • Leibovici D, Kassouf W, Pisters LL, et al. Organ preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by transurethral resection. Urology 2007; 70:473-476.
    • (2007) Urology , vol.70 , pp. 473-476
    • Leibovici, D.1    Kassouf, W.2    Pisters, L.L.3
  • 11
    • 33751418969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrepancy between clinical and pathologic stage: Impact on prognosis after radical cystectomy
    • discussion 149-151
    • Shariat SF, Palapattu GS, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Discrepancy between clinical and pathologic stage: impact on prognosis after radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 2007; 51:137-149; discussion 149-151
    • (2007) Eur Urol , vol.51 , pp. 137-149
    • Shariat, S.F.1    Palapattu, G.S.2    Karakiewicz, P.I.3
  • 12
    • 0034053164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis
    • Leissner J, Hohenfellner R, Thuroff J W, Wolf HK. Lymphadenectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder; significance for staging and prognosis. BJU Int 2000; 85:817-823.
    • (2000) BJU Int , vol.85 , pp. 817-823
    • Leissner, J.1    Hohenfellner, R.2    Thuroff, J.W.3    Wolf, H.K.4
  • 13
    • 0036160825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer
    • Herr HW, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G, et al. Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol 2002; 167:1295-1298.
    • (2002) J Urol , vol.167 , pp. 1295-1298
    • Herr, H.W.1    Bochner, B.H.2    Dalbagni, G.3
  • 14
    • 4344652971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: A cooperative group report
    • Herr H W, Faulkner JR, Grossman HB, et al. Surgical factors influence bladder cancer outcomes: a cooperative group report. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22:2781-2789.
    • (2004) J Clin Oncol , vol.22 , pp. 2781-2789
    • Herr, H.W.1    Faulkner, J.R.2    Grossman, H.B.3
  • 15
    • 0037364527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy and its impact on outcome in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: Analysis of data from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data base
    • Konety BR, Joslyn SA, O'Donnell MA. Extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy and its impact on outcome in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program data base. J Urol 2003; 169:946-950.
    • (2003) J Urol , vol.169 , pp. 946-950
    • Konety, B.R.1    Joslyn, S.A.2    O'Donnell, M.A.3
  • 16
    • 52049106400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between extent of lymphadenectomy and survival among patients with lymph node metastases undergoing radical cystectomy
    • Wright JL, Lin D W, Porter M P. The association between extent of lymphadenectomy and survival among patients with lymph node metastases undergoing radical cystectomy. Cancer 2008; 112:2401-2408.
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.112 , pp. 2401-2408
    • Wright, J.L.1    Lin, D.W.2    Porter, M.P.3
  • 17
    • 0041429507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer
    • Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:859-866.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 859-866
    • Grossman, H.B.1    Natale, R.B.2    Tangen, C.M.3
  • 18
    • 1242292959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: A combined analysis of two nordic studies
    • Sherif A, Holmberg L, Rintala E, et al. Neoadjuvant cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: a combined analysis of two Nordic studies. Eur Urol 2004; 45:297-303.
    • (2004) Eur Urol , vol.45 , pp. 297-303
    • Sherif, A.1    Holmberg, L.2    Rintala, E.3
  • 19
    • 0347759903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Winquist E, Kirchner TS, Segal R, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Urol 2004; 171:561-569.
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.171 , pp. 561-569
    • Winquist, E.1    Kirchner, T.S.2    Segal, R.3
  • 20
    • 84924720760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and recent clinical trials for perioperative systemic therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review
    • Vashistha V, Quinn DI, Dorff TB, Daneshmand S. Current and recent clinical trials for perioperative systemic therapy for muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:966.
    • (2014) BMC Cancer , vol.14 , pp. 966
    • Vashistha, V.1    Quinn, D.I.2    Dorff, T.B.3    Daneshmand, S.4
  • 21
    • 21844461597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: Update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
    • discussion 205-206
    • Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis Collaboration. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Eur Urol 2005; 48:202-205; discussion 205-206
    • (2005) Eur Urol , vol.48 , pp. 202-205
  • 22
    • 79957960529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial
    • Griffiths G, Hall R, Sylvester R, et al. International phase III trial assessing neoadjuvant cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: long-term results of the BA06 30894 trial. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:2171-2177.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 2171-2177
    • Griffiths, G.1    Hall, R.2    Sylvester, R.3
  • 23
    • 29144434734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven year update of an EORTC phase III trial of high-dose intensity M-VAC chemotherapy and G-CSF versus classic M-VAC in advanced urothelial tract tumours
    • Sternberg CN, de Mulder P, Schornagel JH, et al. Seven year update of an EORTC phase III trial of high-dose intensity M-VAC chemotherapy and G-CSF versus classic M-VAC in advanced urothelial tract tumours. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:50-54.
    • (2006) Eur J Cancer , vol.42 , pp. 50-54
    • Sternberg, C.N.1    De Mulder, P.2    Schornagel, J.H.3
  • 24
    • 84905500842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin is safe, effective, and efficient neoadjuvant treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Results of a multicenter phase II study with molecular correlates of response and toxicity
    • Plimack ER, Hoffman-Censits JH, Viterbo R, et al. Accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin is safe, effective, and efficient neoadjuvant treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results of a multicenter phase II study with molecular correlates of response and toxicity. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1895-1901.
    • (2014) J Clin Oncol , vol.32 , pp. 1895-1901
    • Plimack, E.R.1    Hoffman-Censits, J.H.2    Viterbo, R.3
  • 25
    • 84905463799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim support in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer: Pathologic, radiologic, and biomarker correlates
    • Choueiri TK, Jacobus S, Bellmunt J, et al. Neoadjuvant dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with pegfilgrastim support in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer: pathologic, radiologic, and biomarker correlates. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1889-1894.
    • (2014) J Clin Oncol , vol.32 , pp. 1889-1894
    • Choueiri, T.K.1    Jacobus, S.2    Bellmunt, J.3
  • 26
    • 84940703220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic gene expression signature in the molecular classification of chemotherapy-naive urothelial cancer is predictive of clinical outcomes from neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A phase 2 trial of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with bevacizumab in urothelial cancer
    • McConkey DJ, Choi W, Shen Y, et al. A prognostic gene expression signature in the molecular classification of chemotherapy-naive urothelial cancer is predictive of clinical outcomes from neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a phase 2 trial of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin with bevacizumab in urothelial cancer. Eur Urol 2016; 69:855-862.
    • (2016) Eur Urol , vol.69 , pp. 855-862
    • McConkey, D.J.1    Choi, W.2    Shen, Y.3
  • 27
    • 0035887279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer: Final report of a randomized trial of cystectomy plus adjuvant M-VAC versus cystectomy with both preoperative and postoperative M-VAC
    • Millikan R, Dinney C, Swanson D, et al. Integrated therapy for locally advanced bladder cancer: final report of a randomized trial of cystectomy plus adjuvant M-VAC versus cystectomy with both preoperative and postoperative M-VAC. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:4005-4013.
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 4005-4013
    • Millikan, R.1    Dinney, C.2    Swanson, D.3
  • 28
    • 84961140758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer
    • Galsky MD, Stensland KD, Moshier E, et al. Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:825-832.
    • (2016) J Clin Oncol , vol.34 , pp. 825-832
    • Galsky, M.D.1    Stensland, K.D.2    Moshier, E.3
  • 29
    • 84902117954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: A 2013 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Leow JJ, Martin-Doyle W, Rajagopal PS, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer: a 2013 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol 2014; 66:42-54.
    • (2014) Eur Urol , vol.66 , pp. 42-54
    • Leow, J.J.1    Martin-Doyle, W.2    Rajagopal, P.S.3
  • 30
    • 73349127164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bladder cancer: Narrowing the gap between evidence and practice
    • Hussain MH, Wood DP, Bajorin DF, et al. Bladder cancer: narrowing the gap between evidence and practice. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5680-5684.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5680-5684
    • Hussain, M.H.1    Wood, D.P.2    Bajorin, D.F.3
  • 31
    • 33644797618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete long-term survival data from a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs control after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer
    • Lehmann J, Franzaring L, Thuroff J, et al. Complete long-term survival data from a trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs control after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer. BJU Int 2006; 97:42-47.
    • (2006) BJU Int , vol.97 , pp. 42-47
    • Lehmann, J.1    Franzaring, L.2    Thuroff, J.3
  • 32
    • 0030465162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radical cystectomy with or without adjuvant polychemotherapy for non-organ-confined transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: Prognostic impact of lymph node involvement
    • Stockle M, Wellek S, Meyenburg W, et al. Radical cystectomy with or without adjuvant polychemotherapy for non-organ-confined transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: prognostic impact of lymph node involvement. Urology 1996; 48:868-875.
    • (1996) Urology , vol.48 , pp. 868-875
    • Stockle, M.1    Wellek, S.2    Meyenburg, W.3
  • 33
    • 0025822201 scopus 로고
    • The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: A prospective comparative trial
    • discussion 464-457
    • Skinner DG, Daniels JR, Russell CA, et al. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy following cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer: a prospective comparative trial. J Urol 1991; 145:459-464; discussion 464-457
    • (1991) J Urol , vol.145 , pp. 459-464
    • Skinner, D.G.1    Daniels, J.R.2    Russell, C.A.3
  • 34
    • 21844432174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) meta-analysis collaboration
    • discussion 199-201
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration. Eur Urol 2005; 48:189-199; discussion 199-201
    • (2005) Eur Urol , vol.48 , pp. 189-199
  • 35
    • 0035873915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase III trial of high-dose-intensity methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus classic MVAC in advanced urothelial tract tumors: European organization for research and treatment of cancer protocol no. 30924
    • Sternberg CN, de Mulder PH, Schornagel JH, et al. Randomized phase III trial of high-dose-intensity methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) chemotherapy and recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus classic MVAC in advanced urothelial tract tumors: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Protocol no. 30924. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2638-2646.
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2638-2646
    • Sternberg, C.N.1    De Mulder, P.H.2    Schornagel, J.H.3
  • 36
    • 55549148741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A retrospective experience
    • Dash A, Pettus JA 4th, Herr HW, et al. A role for neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus cisplatin in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective experience. Cancer 2008; 113:2471-2477.
    • (2008) Cancer , vol.113 , pp. 2471-2477
    • Dash, A.1    Pettus Iv, J.A.2    Herr, H.W.3
  • 37
    • 0033857218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: Results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study
    • von der Maase H, Hansen SW, Roberts JT, et al. Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3068-3077.
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 3068-3077
    • Von Der Maase, H.1    Hansen, S.W.2    Roberts, J.T.3
  • 38
    • 84945495202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification for locoregional recurrence after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
    • Novotny V, Froehner M, May M, et al. Risk stratification for locoregional recurrence after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. World J Urol 2015; 33:1753-1761.
    • (2015) World J Urol , vol.33 , pp. 1753-1761
    • Novotny, V.1    Froehner, M.2    May, M.3
  • 39
    • 84904133386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk prediction models of locoregional failure after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma: External validation in a cohort of Korean patients
    • Ku JH, Kim M, Jeong C W, et al. Risk prediction models of locoregional failure after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma: external validation in a cohort of korean patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 89:1032-1037.
    • (2014) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.89 , pp. 1032-1037
    • Ku, J.H.1    Kim, M.2    Jeong, C.W.3
  • 40
    • 84898046169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing bladder cancer locoregional failure risk stratification after radical cystectomy using SWOG 8710
    • Christodouleas J P, Baumann BC, He J, et al. Optimizing bladder cancer locoregional failure risk stratification after radical cystectomy using SWOG 8710. Cancer 2014; 120:1272-1280.
    • (2014) Cancer , vol.120 , pp. 1272-1280
    • Christodouleas, J.P.1    Baumann, B.C.2    He, J.3
  • 41
    • 0026691124 scopus 로고
    • Postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma in bilharzial bladder: Improved disease free survival through improving local control
    • Zaghloul MS, Awwad HK, Akoush HH, et al. Postoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma in bilharzial bladder: improved disease free survival through improving local control. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 23:511-517.
    • (1992) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.23 , pp. 511-517
    • Zaghloul, M.S.1    Awwad, H.K.2    Akoush, H.H.3
  • 42
    • 85017122032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant sandwich chemotherapy and radiation versus adjuvant chemotherapy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer [abstract]
    • S94
    • Zaghloul MS, Christodouleas J P, Smith A, et al. Adjuvant sandwich chemotherapy and radiation versus adjuvant chemotherapy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer [abstract]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 96:Abstract S94.
    • (2016) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.96
    • Zaghloul, M.S.1    Christodouleas, J.P.2    Smith, A.3
  • 43
    • 84870506781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICUD-EAU international consultation on bladder cancer 2012: Radical cystectomy and bladder preservation for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
    • Gakis G, Efstathiou J, Lerner S P, et al. ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder Cancer 2012: radical cystectomy and bladder preservation for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Eur Urol 2013; 63:45-57.
    • (2013) Eur Urol , vol.63 , pp. 45-57
    • Gakis, G.1    Efstathiou, J.2    Lerner, S.P.3
  • 44
    • 84879941326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed August 7, 2017
    • Bladder cancer: diagnosis and management. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Web site. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng2. Accessed August 7, 2017.
    • Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Management
  • 45
    • 85025105329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline
    • Chang SS, Bochner BH, Chou R, et al. Treatment of non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer: AUA/ASCO/ASTRO/SUO guideline. J Urol 2017; 198:552-559.
    • (2017) J Urol , vol.198 , pp. 552-559
    • Chang, S.S.1    Bochner, B.H.2    Chou, R.3
  • 46
    • 78650026897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer: Evidence from the national cancer database, 2003 to 2007
    • Fedeli U, Fedewa SA, Ward EM. Treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer: evidence from the National Cancer Database, 2003 to 2007. J Urol 2011; 185:72-78.
    • (2011) J Urol , vol.185 , pp. 72-78
    • Fedeli, U.1    Fedewa, S.A.2    Ward, E.M.3
  • 47
    • 84876022394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of potentially curative therapies for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the United States: Results from the national cancer data base
    • Gray PJ, Fedewa SA, Shipley WU, et al. Use of potentially curative therapies for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the United States: results from the National Cancer Data Base. Eur Urol 2013; 63:823-829.
    • (2013) Eur Urol , vol.63 , pp. 823-829
    • Gray, P.J.1    Fedewa, S.A.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 48
    • 0031925301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bladdersparing surgery for invasive bladder cancer: Ten-year outcome
    • Herr H W, Bajorin D F, Scher HI. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and bladdersparing surgery for invasive bladder cancer: ten-year outcome. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:1298-1301.
    • (1998) J Clin Oncol , vol.16 , pp. 1298-1301
    • Herr, H.W.1    Bajorin, D.F.2    Scher, H.I.3
  • 49
    • 0025185648 scopus 로고
    • Restaging procedures, criteria of response, and relationship between pathological response and survival
    • Splinter T, Denis L. Restaging procedures, criteria of response, and relationship between pathological response and survival. Semin Oncol 1990; 17:606-612.
    • (1990) Semin Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 606-612
    • Splinter, T.1    Denis, L.2
  • 50
    • 0027452436 scopus 로고
    • Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: A prospective study
    • Housset M, Maulard C, Chretien Y, et al. Combined radiation and chemotherapy for invasive transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11:2150-2157.
    • (1993) J Clin Oncol , vol.11 , pp. 2150-2157
    • Housset, M.1    Maulard, C.2    Chretien, Y.3
  • 51
    • 0036290017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: Long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer
    • discussion 67-68
    • Shipley WU, Kaufman DS, Zehr E, et al. Selective bladder preservation by combined modality protocol treatment: long-term outcomes of 190 patients with invasive bladder cancer. Urology 2002; 60:62-67; discussion 67-68
    • (2002) Urology , vol.60 , pp. 62-67
    • Shipley, W.U.1    Kaufman, D.S.2    Zehr, E.3
  • 52
    • 0031763392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: Initial results of radiation therapy oncology group 89-03
    • Shipley WU, Winter KA, Kaufman DS, et al. Phase III trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with selective bladder preservation by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy: initial results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 89-03. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:3576-3583.
    • (1998) J Clin Oncol , vol.16 , pp. 3576-3583
    • Shipley, W.U.1    Winter, K.A.2    Kaufman, D.S.3
  • 53
    • 0037099683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: Long-term results
    • Rodel C, Grabenbauer GG, Kuhn R, et al. Combined-modality treatment and selective organ preservation in invasive bladder cancer: long-term results. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:3061-3071.
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 3061-3071
    • Rodel, C.1    Grabenbauer, G.G.2    Kuhn, R.3
  • 54
    • 84857658866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcomes of selective bladder preservation by combined-modality therapy for invasive bladder cancer: The MGH experience
    • Efstathiou JA, Spiegel DY, Shipley WU, et al. Long-term outcomes of selective bladder preservation by combined-modality therapy for invasive bladder cancer: the MGH experience. Eur Urol 2012; 61:705-711.
    • (2012) Eur Urol , vol.61 , pp. 705-711
    • Efstathiou, J.A.1    Spiegel, D.Y.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 55
    • 85018192840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcomes after bladder-preserving tri-modality therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: An updated analysis of the Massachusetts general hospital experience
    • Giacalone NJ, Shipley WU, Clayman RH, et al. Long-term outcomes after bladder-preserving tri-modality therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an updated analysis of the Massachusetts General Hospital experience. Eur Urol 2017; 71:952-960.
    • (2017) Eur Urol , vol.71 , pp. 952-960
    • Giacalone, N.J.1    Shipley, W.U.2    Clayman, R.H.3
  • 56
    • 84868207308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of two prospective bladder-sparing trimodality approaches for invasive bladder cancer: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent radio-chemotherapy
    • Zapatero A, Martin De Vidales C, Arellano R, et al. Long-term results of two prospective bladder-sparing trimodality approaches for invasive bladder cancer: neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent radio-chemotherapy. Urology 2012; 80:1056-1062.
    • (2012) Urology , vol.80 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Zapatero, A.1    Martin De Vidales, C.2    Arellano, R.3
  • 57
    • 0033663646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG 95-06: Phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response
    • Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WU, et al. The initial results in muscle-invading bladder cancer of RTOG 95-06: phase I/II trial of transurethral surgery plus radiation therapy with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil followed by selective bladder preservation or cystectomy depending on the initial response. Oncologist 2000; 5:471-476.
    • (2000) Oncologist , vol.5 , pp. 471-476
    • Kaufman, D.S.1    Winter, K.A.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 58
    • 0141615695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RTOG 97-06: Initial report of a phase I-II trial of selective bladder conservation using TURBT, twice-daily accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin, and adjuvant MCV combination chemotherapy
    • Hagan M P, Winter KA, Kaufman DS, et al. RTOG 97-06: initial report of a phase I-II trial of selective bladder conservation using TURBT, twice-daily accelerated irradiation sensitized with cisplatin, and adjuvant MCV combination chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:665-672.
    • (2003) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.57 , pp. 665-672
    • Hagan, M.P.1    Winter, K.A.2    Kaufman, D.S.3
  • 59
    • 63149142104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I-II RTOG study (99-06) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing transurethral surgery, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and twice-daily radiotherapy followed by selective bladder preservation or radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy
    • Kaufman DS, Winter KA, Shipley WU, et al. Phase I-II RTOG study (99-06) of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing transurethral surgery, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and twice-daily radiotherapy followed by selective bladder preservation or radical cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Urology 2009; 73:833-837.
    • (2009) Urology , vol.73 , pp. 833-837
    • Kaufman, D.S.1    Winter, K.A.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 60
    • 84880810646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transurethral surgery and twice-daily radiation plus paclitaxel-cisplatin or fluorouracil-cisplatin with selective bladder preservation and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (RTOG 0233): A randomised multicentre phase 2 trial
    • Mitin T, Hunt D, Shipley WU, et al. Transurethral surgery and twice-daily radiation plus paclitaxel-cisplatin or fluorouracil-cisplatin with selective bladder preservation and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer (RTOG 0233): a randomised multicentre phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:863-872.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 863-872
    • Mitin, T.1    Hunt, D.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 61
    • 70249121114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late pelvic toxicity after bladdersparing therapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: RTOG 89-03, 95-06, 97-06, 99-06
    • Efstathiou JA, Bae K, Shipley WU, et al. Late pelvic toxicity after bladdersparing therapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: RTOG 89-03, 95-06, 97-06, 99-06. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4055-4061.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 4055-4061
    • Efstathiou, J.A.1    Bae, K.2    Shipley, W.U.3
  • 62
    • 0029851252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The national cancer institute of Canada clinical trials group
    • Coppin CM, Gospodarowicz MK, James K, et al. Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation. The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14:2901-2907.
    • (1996) J Clin Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 2901-2907
    • Coppin, C.M.1    Gospodarowicz, M.K.2    James, K.3
  • 63
    • 84859880855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
    • James ND, Hussain SA, Hall E, et al. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1477-1488.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 1477-1488
    • James, N.D.1    Hussain, S.A.2    Hall, E.3
  • 64
    • 0023205227 scopus 로고
    • Conservative management of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: Prospective experience
    • Herr HW Conservative management of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: prospective experience. J Urol 1987; 138:1162-1163.
    • (1987) J Urol , vol.138 , pp. 1162-1163
    • Herr, H.W.1
  • 65
    • 54049112622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bladder preservation: Optimizing radiotherapy and integrated treatment strategies
    • Mak RH, Zietman AL, Heney NM, et al. Bladder preservation: optimizing radiotherapy and integrated treatment strategies. BJU Int 2008; 102:1345-1353.
    • (2008) BJU Int , vol.102 , pp. 1345-1353
    • Mak, R.H.1    Zietman, A.L.2    Heney, N.M.3
  • 66
    • 84869085229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper urinary tract recurrence following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A meta-analysis on 13, 185 patients
    • Picozzi S, Ricci C, Gaeta M, et al. Upper urinary tract recurrence following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a meta-analysis on 13, 185 patients. J Urol 2012; 188:2046-2054.
    • (2012) J Urol , vol.188 , pp. 2046-2054
    • Picozzi, S.1    Ricci, C.2    Gaeta, M.3
  • 67
    • 17444437833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer
    • Kaufman D, Raghavan D, Carducci M, et al. Phase II trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:1921-1927.
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 1921-1927
    • Kaufman, D.1    Raghavan, D.2    Carducci, M.3
  • 68
    • 23044501890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer
    • von der Maase H, Sengelov L, Roberts JT, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:4602-4608.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 4602-4608
    • Von Der Maase, H.1    Sengelov, L.2    Roberts, J.T.3
  • 69
    • 73949120020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer "unfit" for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: Phase II - Results of EORTC study 30986
    • De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, et al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer "unfit" for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: phase II - results of EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:5634-5639.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 5634-5639
    • De Santis, M.1    Bellmunt, J.2    Mead, G.3
  • 70
    • 84863897662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase III study comparing paclitaxel/cisplatin/gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer without prior systemic therapy: EORTC intergroup study 30987
    • Bellmunt J, von der Maase H, Mead GM, et al. Randomized phase III study comparing paclitaxel/cisplatin/gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer without prior systemic therapy: EORTC Intergroup Study 30987. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:1107-1113.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Bellmunt, J.1    Von Der Maase, H.2    Mead, G.M.3
  • 71
    • 0033789641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of paclitaxel and cisplatin for advanced urothelial cancer
    • Burch PA, Richardson RL, Cha SS, et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel and cisplatin for advanced urothelial cancer. J Urol 2000; 164:1538-1542.
    • (2000) J Urol , vol.164 , pp. 1538-1542
    • Burch, P.A.1    Richardson, R.L.2    Cha, S.S.3
  • 72
    • 0035876046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: A phase II trial of the minnie pearl cancer research network
    • Meluch AA, Greco FA, Burris HA 3rd, et al. Paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy for advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: a phase II trial of the Minnie pearl cancer research network. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:3018-3024.
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 3018-3024
    • Meluch, A.A.1    Greco, F.A.2    Burris, H.A.3
  • 73
    • 0034666030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I-II study of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Spanish oncology genitourinary group
    • Bellmunt J, Guillem V, Paz-Ares L, et al. Phase I-II study of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine in advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3247-3255.
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 3247-3255
    • Bellmunt, J.1    Guillem, V.2    Paz-Ares, L.3
  • 74
    • 0035339940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine is an active treatment for advanced urothelial cancer
    • Hussain M, Vaishampayan U, Du W, et al. Combination paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine is an active treatment for advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:2527-2533.
    • (2001) J Clin Oncol , vol.19 , pp. 2527-2533
    • Hussain, M.1    Vaishampayan, U.2    Du, W.3
  • 75
    • 0036306359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional cell urothelial cancer: A phase II trial
    • Pectasides D, Glotsos J, Bountouroglou N, et al. Weekly chemotherapy with docetaxel, gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced transitional cell urothelial cancer: a phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2002; 13:243-250.
    • (2002) Ann Oncol , vol.13 , pp. 243-250
    • Pectasides, D.1    Glotsos, J.2    Bountouroglou, N.3
  • 76
    • 0032127772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum. Italian co-operative group on bladder cancer
    • Lorusso V, Pollera C F, Antimi M, et al. A phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract previously treated with platinum. Italian Co-operative Group on Bladder Cancer. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34:1208-1212.
    • (1998) Eur J Cancer , vol.34 , pp. 1208-1212
    • Lorusso, V.1    Pollera, C.F.2    Antimi, M.3
  • 77
    • 0031005761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of docetaxel in patients with advanced or metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma
    • McCaffrey JA, Hilton S, Mazumdar M, et al. Phase II trial of docetaxel in patients with advanced or metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15:1853-1857.
    • (1997) J Clin Oncol , vol.15 , pp. 1853-1857
    • McCaffrey, J.A.1    Hilton, S.2    Mazumdar, M.3
  • 78
    • 0031052826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of paclitaxel in pretreated patients with locally advanced/metastatic cancer of the bladder and ureter
    • Papamichael D, Gallagher CJ, Oliver RT, et al. Phase II study of paclitaxel in pretreated patients with locally advanced/metastatic cancer of the bladder and ureter. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:606-607.
    • (1997) Br J Cancer , vol.75 , pp. 606-607
    • Papamichael, D.1    Gallagher, C.J.2    Oliver, R.T.3
  • 79
    • 0037083580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer
    • Vaughn DJ, Broome CM, Hussain M, et al. Phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:937-940.
    • (2002) J Clin Oncol , vol.20 , pp. 937-940
    • Vaughn, D.J.1    Broome, C.M.2    Hussain, M.3
  • 80
    • 84855583390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986
    • De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, et al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:191-199.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. 191-199
    • De Santis, M.1    Bellmunt, J.2    Mead, G.3
  • 81
    • 75149128685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract
    • Bellmunt J, Theodore C, Demkov T, et al. Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:4454-4461.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 4454-4461
    • Bellmunt, J.1    Theodore, C.2    Demkov, T.3
  • 82
    • 84929481480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, et al. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2018-2028.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 2018-2028
    • Garon, E.B.1    Rizvi, N.A.2    Hui, R.3
  • 83
    • 84936791837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer
    • Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:123-135.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 123-135
    • Brahmer, J.1    Reckamp, K.L.2    Baas, P.3
  • 84
    • 84929481482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma
    • Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, et al. Nivolumab and ipilimumab versus ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2006-2017.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 2006-2017
    • Postow, M.A.1    Chesney, J.2    Pavlick, A.C.3
  • 85
    • 84936147067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma
    • Larkin J, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, et al. Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab or monotherapy in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:23-34.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , pp. 23-34
    • Larkin, J.1    Chiarion-Sileni, V.2    Gonzalez, R.3
  • 86
    • 84879777241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma
    • Wolchok JD, Kluger H, Callahan MK, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:122-133.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 122-133
    • Wolchok, J.D.1    Kluger, H.2    Callahan, M.K.3
  • 87
    • 84932628341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatchrepair deficiency
    • Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatchrepair deficiency. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2509-2520.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 2509-2520
    • Le, D.T.1    Uram, J.N.2    Wang, H.3
  • 88
    • 84882837534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
    • Alexandrov LB, Nik-Zainal S, Wedge DC, et al. Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature 2013; 500:415-421.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.500 , pp. 415-421
    • Alexandrov, L.B.1    Nik-Zainal, S.2    Wedge, D.C.3
  • 89
    • 84897022815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research N
    • Cancer Genome Atlas Research N. Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Nature 2014; 507:315-322.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.507 , pp. 315-322
  • 90
    • 85009252187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-012): A non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study
    • Plimack ER, Bellmunt J, Gupta S, et al. Safety and activity of pembrolizumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-012): a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:212-220.
    • (2017) Lancet Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 212-220
    • Plimack, E.R.1    Bellmunt, J.2    Gupta, S.3
  • 91
    • 85015755043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma
    • Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1015-1026.
    • (2017) N Engl J Med , vol.376 , pp. 1015-1026
    • Bellmunt, J.1    De Wit, R.2    Vaughn, D.J.3
  • 92
    • 85030481851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarker findings and mature clinical results from KEYNOTE-052: First-line pembrolizumab (pembro) in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer (UC) [abstract]
    • 80
    • O'Donnell PH, Grivas P, Balar AV, et al. Biomarker findings and mature clinical results from KEYNOTE-052: first-line pembrolizumab (pembro) in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial cancer (UC) [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35(Suppl):Abstract 80.
    • (2017) J Clin Oncol , vol.35
    • O'Donnell, P.H.1    Grivas, P.2    Balar, A.V.3
  • 93
    • 84959577118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: A singlearm, multicentre, phase 2 trial
    • Rosenberg JE, Hoffman-Censits J, Powles T, et al. Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a singlearm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2016; 387:1909-1920.
    • (2016) Lancet , vol.387 , pp. 1909-1920
    • Rosenberg, J.E.1    Hoffman-Censits, J.2    Powles, T.3
  • 94
    • 85007564166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial
    • Balar AV, Galsky MD, Rosenberg JE, et al. Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2017; 389:67-76.
    • (2017) Lancet , vol.389 , pp. 67-76
    • Balar, A.V.1    Galsky, M.D.2    Rosenberg, J.E.3
  • 96
    • 85010904121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): A multicentre, singlearm, phase 2 trial
    • Sharma P, Retz M, Siefker-Radtke A, et al. Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): a multicentre, singlearm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:312-322.
    • (2017) Lancet Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 312-322
    • Sharma, P.1    Retz, M.2    Siefker-Radtke, A.3
  • 97
    • 84991206954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer: Results from the phase I/II CheckMate 032 study [abstract]
    • 80
    • Sharma P, Bono P, Kim J W, et al. Efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer: results from the phase I/II CheckMate 032 study [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34(Suppl):Abstract 80.
    • (2016) J Clin Oncol , vol.34
    • Sharma, P.1    Bono, P.2    Kim, J.W.3
  • 98
    • 84989918072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer
    • Massard C, Gordon MS, Sharma S, et al. Safety and efficacy of durvalumab (MEDI4736), an anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, in patients with advanced urothelial bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3119-3125.
    • (2016) J Clin Oncol , vol.34 , pp. 3119-3125
    • Massard, C.1    Gordon, M.S.2    Sharma, S.3
  • 99
    • 85020878060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated efficacy and tolerability of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma [abstract]
    • 80
    • Powles T, O'Donnell PH, Massard C, et al. Updated efficacy and tolerability of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35(Suppl);Abstract 80.
    • (2017) J Clin Oncol , vol.35
    • Powles, T.1    O'Donnell, P.H.2    Massard, C.3
  • 100
    • 85020609662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avelumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody, in patients with refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Results from a mmulticenter, phase ib study
    • Apolo AB, Infante JR, Balmanoukian A, et al. Avelumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody, in patients with refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma: results from a Mmulticenter, phase Ib study. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2117-2124.
    • (2017) J Clin Oncol , vol.35 , pp. 2117-2124
    • Apolo, A.B.1    Infante, J.R.2    Balmanoukian, A.3
  • 101
    • 85019031526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avelumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Pooled results from two cohorts of the phase 1b JAVELIN solid tumor trial [abstract]
    • 80
    • Patel MR, Ellerton JA, Infante JR, et al. Avelumab in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: pooled results from two cohorts of the phase 1b JAVELIN Solid Tumor trial [abstract]. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35(Suppl):Abstract 80.
    • (2017) J Clin Oncol , vol.35
    • Patel, M.R.1    Ellerton, J.A.2    Infante, J.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.