Species richness effects on grassland recovery from drought depend on community productivity in a multisite experiment

Ecology Letters

Volumn 20, Issue 11, 2017, Pages 1405-1413

  Kreyling, Juergen ^a   Dengler, Jürgen ^b,c   Walter, Julia ^d   Velev, Nikolay ^e   Ugurlu, Emin ^f   Sopotlieva, Desislava ^e   Ransijn, Johannes ^b   Picon Cochard, Catherine ^g   Nijs, Ivan ^h   Hernandez, Pauline ^g   Güler, Behlül ⁱ   von Gillhaussen, Philipp ^b   De Boeck, Hans J ^h   Bloor, Juliette M G ^g   Berwaers, Sigi ^h   Beierkuhnlein, Carl ^b   Arfin Khan, Mohammed A S ^b,j   Apostolova, Iva ^e   Altan, Yasin ⁱ   Zeiter, Michaela ^k,l   Wellstein, Camilla ^m   Sternberg, Marcelo ⁿ   Stampfli, Andreas ^k   Campetella, Giandiego ^o   Bartha, Sándor ^p,q   Bahn, Michael ^r   Jentsch, Anke ^b   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^c GERMAN CENTRE FOR INTEGRATIVE BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH IDIV HALLE JENA LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM   (Germany)

^e INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH   (Bulgaria)

^f BURSA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^g French National Institute of Agricultural Research   (France)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP   (Belgium)

ⁱ CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^j SHAHJALAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Bangladesh)

^k BERN UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Switzerland)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^m FREE UNIVERSITY OF BOZEN BOLZANO   (Italy)

ⁿ TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^o UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO   (Italy)

^p INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND BOTANY   (Hungary)

^q UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^r UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

more..

Author keywords

Asynchrony; coordinated distributed experiment; diversity stability relationship; extreme event ecology; insurance hypothesis; resilience

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DROUGHT; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLAND; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

BIODIVERSITY; BIOMASS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DROUGHTS; ECOSYSTEM; GRASSLAND; PLANT PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 85030114960     PISSN: 1461023X     EISSN: 14610248     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12848     Document Type: Letter

References (56)

1. Allison, G. (2004). The influence of species diversity and stress intensity on community resistance and resilience. Ecol. Monogr., 74, 117–134.
2. Arfin Khan, M.A., Grant, K., Beierkuhnlein, C., Kreyling, J. & Jentsch, A. (2014). Climatic extremes lead to species-specific legume facilitation in an experimental temperate grassland. Plant Soil, 379, 161–175.
3. Bloor, J.M.G. & Bardgett, R.D. (2012). Stability of above-ground and belowground processes to extreme drought in model grassland ecosystems: interactions with plant species diversity and soil nitrogen availability. Perspect. Plant Ecol., 14, 193–204.
4. Butchart, S.H.M., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J.P.W. & Almond, R.E.A., et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science, 328, 1164–1168.
5. Caldeira, M.C., Hector, A., Loreau, M. & Pereira, J.S. (2005). Species richness, temporal variability and resistance of biomass production in a Mediterranean grassland. Oikos, 110, 115–123.
6. Cardinale, B.J., Duffy, J.E., Gonzalez, A., Hooper, D.U., Perrings, C. & Venail, P., et al. (2012). Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature, 486, 59–67.
7. Cardinale, B.J., Srivastava, D.S., Duffy, J.E., Wright, J.P., Downing, A.L., Sankaran, M., et al. (2006). Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems. Nature, 443, 989–992.
8. Ciais, P., Reichstein, M., Viovy, N., Granier, A., Ogee, J. & Allard, V., et al. (2005). Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature, 437, 529–533.
9. Craven, D., Isbell, F., Manning, P., Connolly, J., Bruelheide, H., Ebeling, A., et al. (2016). Plant diversity effects on grassland productivity are robust to both nutrient enrichment and drought. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 371, 0150277.
10. DeClerck, F.A.J., Barbour, M.G. & Sawyer, J.O. (2006). Species richness and stand stability in conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada. Ecology, 87, 2787–2799.
11. Donohue, I., Hillebrand, H., Montoya, J.M., Petchey, O.L., Pimm, S.L. & Fowler, M.S., et al. (2016). Navigating the complexity of ecological stability. Ecol. Lett., 19, 1172–1185.
12. Fraser, L.H., Henry, H.A.L., Carlyle, D., White, S., Beierkuhnlein, C. & Cahill, J., et al. (2013). Coordinated distributed experiments: an emerging tool for testing global hypotheses in ecology and environmental science. Front. Ecol. Environ., 11, 147–155.
13. Grime, J.P., Brown, V.K., Thompson, K., Masters, G.J., Hillier, S.H., Clarke, I.P., et al. (2000). The response of two contrasting limestone grasslands to simulated climate change. Science, 289, 762-765.
14. Grimm, V. & Wissel, C. (1997). Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: an inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia, 109, 323–334.
15. Gross, K., Cardinale, B.J., Fox, J.W., Gonzalez, A., Loreau, M. & Polley, H.W., et al. (2014). Species richness and the temporal stability of biomass production: a new analysis of recent biodiversity experiments. Am. Nat., 183, 1–12.
16. Hector, A., Bazeley-White, E., Loreau, M., Otway, S. & Schmid, B. (2002). Overyielding in grassland communities: testing the sampling effect hypothesis with replicated biodiversity experiments. Ecol. Lett., 5, 502–511.
17. Hijmans, R.J., Cameron, S.E., Parra, J.L., Jones, P.G. & Jarvis, A. (2005). Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1965–1978.
18. Hodgson, D., McDonald, J.L. & Hosken, D.J. (2015). What do you mean, ‘resilient’? Trends Ecol. Evol., 30, 503–506.
19. Holling, C.S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 4, 1–23.
20. IPCC (ed.) (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY.
21. Isbell, F.I., Polley, H.W. & Wilsey, B.J. (2009). Biodiversity, productivity and the temporal stability of productivity: patterns and processes. Ecol. Lett., 12, 443–451.
22. Isbell, F., Craven, D., Connolly, J., Loreau, M., Schmid, B. & Beierkuhnlein, C., et al. (2015). Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes. Nature, 526, 574–577.
23. Kahmen, A., Perner, J. & Buchmann, N. (2005). Diversity-dependent productivity in semi-natural grasslands following climate perturbations. Funct. Ecol., 19, 594–601.
24. Knapp, A.K., Avolio, M.L., Beier, C., Carroll, C.J.W., Collins, S.L. & Dukes, J.S., et al. (2016). Pushing precipitation to the extremes in distributed experiments: recommendations for simulating wet and dry years. Glob. Change Biol., 23, 1774–1782.
25. Kreyling, J., Jentsch, A. & Beier, C. (2014). Beyond realism in climate change experiments: gradient approaches identify thresholds and tipping points. Ecol. Lett., 17, 125.
26. Kreyling, J., Arfin Khan, M.A.S., Sultana, F., Babel, W., Beierkuhnlein, C. & Foken, T., et al. (2017). Drought effects in climate change manipulation experiments: quantifying the influence of ambient weather conditions and rain-out shelter artifacts. Ecosystems, 20, 301–315.
27. Kröel-Dulay, G., Ransijn, J., Schmidt, I.K., Beier, C., de Angelis, P. & de Dato, G., et al. (2015). Increased sensitivity to climate change in disturbed ecosystems. Nat. Comm., 6, 6682.
28. Lepš, J., Osbornovakosinova, J. & Rejmanek, M. (1982). Community stability, complexity and species life-history strategies. Vegetatio, 50, 53–63.
29. Lloret, F., Keeling, E.G. & Sala, A. (2011). Components of tree resilience: effects of successive low-growth episodes in old ponderosa pine forests. Oikos, 120, 1909–1920.
30. Loreau, M. & de Mazancourt, C. (2008). Species synchrony and its drivers: neutral and nonneutral community dynamics in fluctuating environments. Am. Nat., 172, E48–E66.
31. Loreau, M. & de Mazancourt, C. (2013). Biodiversity and ecosystem stability: a synthesis of underlying mechanisms. Ecol. Lett., 16, 106–115.
32. Loreau, M. & Hector, A. (2001). Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature, 412, 72–76.
33. Májeková, M., de Bello, F., Doležal, J. & Lepš, J. (2014). Plant functional traits as determinants of population stability. Ecology, 95, 2369–2374.
34. Mariotte, P., Vandenberghe, C., Kardol, P., Hagedorn, F. & Buttler, A. (2013). Subordinate plant species enhance community resistance against drought in semi-natural grasslands. J. Ecol., 101, 763–773.
35. de Mazancourt, C., Isbell, F., Larocque, A., Berendse, F., de Luca, E. & Grace, J.B., et al. (2013). Predicting ecosystem stability from community composition and biodiversity. Ecol. Lett., 16, 617–625.
36. Mulder, C.P., Uliassi, D.D. & Doak, D.F. (2001). Physical stress and diversity-productivity relationships: the role of positive interactions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 98, 6704–6708.
37. Pfisterer, A.B. & Schmid, B. (2002). Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning. Nature, 416, 84–86.
38. Pimm, S.L. (1984). The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature, 307, 321–326.
39. R Core Team (2016). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R version 3.3.2. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org.
40. Reich, P.B. (2014). The world-wide ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. J. Ecol., 102, 275–301.
41. Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Ciais, P., Frank, D., Mahecha, M.D. & Seneviratne, S.I., et al. (2013). Climate extremes and the carbon cycle. Nature, 500, 287–295.
42. 2 maintains grassland net carbon uptake under a future heat and drought extreme. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 6224–6229.
43. van Ruijven, J. & Berendse, F. (2003). Positive effects of plant species diversity on productivity in the absence of legumes. Ecol. Lett., 6, 170–175.
44. van Ruijven, J. & Berendse, F. (2010). Diversity enhances community recovery, but not resistance, after drought. J. Ecol., 98, 81–86.
45. Schär, C., Vidale, P.L., Luthi, D., Frei, C., Haberli, C. & Liniger, M.A., et al. (2004). The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature, 427, 332–336.
46. Scherer-Lorenzen, M. (2008). Functional diversity affects decomposition processes in experimental grasslands. Funct. Ecol., 22, 547–555.
47. Smith, M.D. (2011). An ecological perspective on extreme climatic events: a synthetic definition and framework to guide future research. J. Ecol., 99, 656–663.
48. Spehn, E.M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Hector, A., Caldeira, M.C. & Dimitrakopoulos, P.G., et al. (2002). The role of legumes as a component of biodiversity in a cross-European study of grassland biomass nitrogen. Oikos, 98, 205–218.
49. Tilman, D. & Downing, J.A. (1994). Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature, 367, 363–365.
50. Tilman, D., Lehman, C.L. & Thomson, K.T. (1997). Plant diversity and ecosystem productivity: theoretical considerations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 1857–1861.
51. Tilman, D., Reich, P.B. & Knops, J. (2007). Ecology – diversity and stability in plant communities – reply. Nature, 446, E7–E8.
52. Vogel, A., Scherer-Lorenzen, M. & Weigelt, A. (2012). Grassland resistance and resilience after drought depends on management intensity and species richness. PLoS ONE, 7, e36992.
53. Wang, Y., Yu, S. & Wang, J. (2007). Biomass-dependent susceptibility to drought in experimental grassland communities. Ecol. Lett., 10, 401–410.
54. Wardle, D.A. & Palmer, M. (2016). Do experiments exploring plant diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships inform how biodiversity loss impacts natural ecosystems? J. Veg. Sci., 27, 646–653.
55. Wardle, D.A., Bonner, K.I. & Barker, G.M. (2000). Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition. Oikos, 89, 11–23.
56. Yachi, S. & Loreau, M. (1999). Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 1463–1468.