Diversity-dependent productivity in semi-natural grasslands following climate perturbations

Functional Ecology

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 594-601

  Kahmen, A ^a   Perner, J ^b   Buchmann, N ^a,c  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^b FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^c ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Below ground productivity; Biodiversity; Climate change; Disturbance; Drought; Ecosystem functions; Insurance hypothesis; PCA; Stable isotopes

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; HYPOTHESIS TESTING;

EID: 29144497086     PISSN: 02698463     EISSN: 13652435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2005.01001.x     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aarssen, L.W. (1997) High productivity in grassland ecosystems: effected by species diversity or productive species? Oikos 80, 183-184.
2. Boyer, J.S. (1970) Leaf enlargement and metabolic rates in corn, soybean, and sunflower at various leaf water potentials. Plant Physiology 46, 233-235.
3. ter Braak, C.J.F. & Smilauer, P. (2002) CANOCO Reference Manual and canodraw for Windows User's Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination, Version 4.5. Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, NY, USA.
4. 2, temperature and drought on growth and plant development. New Phytologist 136, 245-253.
5. Chapin, F.S., Walker, B.H., Hobbs, R.J. et al. (1997) Biotic control over the functioning of ecosystems. Science 277, 500-504.
6. Daily, G.C. (1997) Nature's Services. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
7. Davies, W.J. & Zhang, J.H. (1991) Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 55-76.
8. Doak, D.F., Bigger, D., Harding, E.K., Marvier, M.A., Omalley, R.E. & Thomson, D. (1998) The statistical inevitability of stability-diversity relationships in community ecology. American Naturalist 151, 264-276.
9. Dodd, M.E., Silvertown, J., McConway, K., Potts, J. & Crawley, M. (1994) Stability in the plant communities of the park grass experiment - the relationships between species richness, soil pH and biomass variability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences 346, 185-193.
10. Ehleringer, J.R. & Cooper, T.A. (1988) Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat in desert plants. Oecologia 76, 562-566.
11. Farquhar, G.D. & Richards, R.A. (1984) Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water use efficiency of wheat genotypes. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 11, 539-552.
12. Farquhar, G.D., O'Leary, M.H. & Berry, J.A. (1982) On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 9, 121-137.
13. Farquhar, G.D., Ehleringer, J.R. & Hubick, K.T. (1989) Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 40, 503-537.
14. Foulds, W. (1978) Response to soil moisture supply in three leguminous species. 1. Growth, reproduction and mortality. New Phytologist 80, 535-545.
15. Frank, D.A. & McNaughton, S.J. (1991) Stability increases with diversity in plant communities - empirical evidence from the 1988 Yellowstone drought. Oikos 62, 360-362.
16. Grime, J.P., Brown, V.K., Thompson, K. et al. (2000) The response of two contrasting limestone grasslands to simulated climate change. Science 289, 762-765.
17. Guenni, O., Marin, D. & Baruch, Z. (2002) Responses to drought of five Brachiaria species. I. Biomass production, leaf growth, root distribution, wateruse and forage quality. Plant and Soil 243, 229-241.
18. Hector, A., Schmid, B., Beierkuhnlein, C. et al. (1999) Plant diversity and productivity experiments in European grasslands. Science 286, 1123-1127.
19. Hector, A., Schmid, B., Beierkuhnlein, C. et al. (2000) No consistent effect of plant diversity on productivity: Response. Science 289, 1255a.
20. Hundt, R. (1964) Die Bergwiesen des Harzes, Thüringer Waldes und Erzgebirges. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Germany.
21. Huston, M.A. (1997) Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia 110, 449-460.
22. IPCC (2001) Climate Change 2001: Scientific Basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
23. Ives, A.R., Klug, J.L. & Gross, K. (2000) Stability and species richness in complex communities. Ecology Letters 3, 399-411.
24. Jupp, A.P. & Newman, E.I. (1987) Morphological and anatomical effects of severe drought on the roots of Lolium perenne L. New Phytologist 105, 393-402.
25. Kahmen, A., Ferner, J., Audorff, V., Weisser, W.W. & Buchmann, N. (2005) Effects of plant diversity, species composition and environmental parameters on productivity in montane European grasslands. Oecologia 142, 606-615.
26. Kramer, P.J. & Boyer, J.S. (1995) Water Relations of Plants and Soil. Academic Press, London.
27. Krebs, C.J. (1999) Ecological Methodology. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
28. Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S. III & Pons, T.L. (1998) Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA.
29. Legendre, P. & Legendre, L. (1998) Numerical Ecology. Elsevier, Amsterdam/Lausanne/New York.
30. Leps, J., Osbornovakosinova, J. & Rejmanek, M. (1982) Community stability, complexity and species life history strategies. Vegetatio 50, 53-63.
31. Loreau, M. & Behera, N. (1999) Phenotypic diversity and stability of ecosystem processes. Theoretical Population Biology 56, 29-47.
32. Loreau, M., Naeem, S., Inchausti, P. et al. (2001) Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current knowledge and future challenges. Science 294, 804-808.
33. Loreau, M., Naeem, S. & Inchausti, P. (2002) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Synthesis and Perspectives. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
34. MacArthur, R. (1955) Fluctuations of animal populations and a measure of community stability. Ecology 36, 533-536.
35. MacGillivray, C.W., Grime, J.P., Band, S.R. et al. (1995) Testing predictions of the resistance and resilience of vegetation subjected to extreme events. Functional Ecology 9, 640-649.
36. McCune, B. & Mefford, M.J. (1997) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 3.0. MjM Software Design, Glenden Beach, OR, USA.
37. McGrady-Steed, J., Harris, P.M. & Morin, P.J. (1997) Biodiversity regulates ecosystem predictability. Nature 390, 162-165.
38. McNaughton, S.J. (1977) Diversity and stability of ecological communities: a comment on the role of empiricism in ecology. American Naturalist 111, 515-525.
39. Molyneux, D.E. & Davies, W.J. (1983) Rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil. Oecologia 58, 220-224.
40. Mulder, C.P.H., Koricheva, J., Huss-Danell, K., Hogberg, P. & Joshi, J. (1999) Insects affect relationships between plant species richness and ecosystem processes. Ecology Letters 2, 237-246.
41. Naeem, S. & Li, S.B. (1997) Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390, 507-509.
42. Pfisterer, A.B. & Schmid, B. (2002) Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning. Nature 416, 84-86.
43. Pimm, S.L. (1984) The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature 307, 321-326.
44. Saab, I.N., Sharp, R.E., Pritchard, J. & Voetberg, G.S. (1990) Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibits shoot growth of maize seedlings at low water potentials. Plant Physiology 93, 1329-1336.
45. Schär, C., Vidale, P.L., Luthi, D. et al. (2004) The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature 427, 332-336.
46. Schmid, B. & Pfisterer, A.B. (2003) Species vs community perspectives in biodiversity experiments. Oikos 100, 620-621.
47. Sharp, R.E. & Davies, W.J. (1979) Solute regulation and growth by roots and shoots of water stressed maize plants. Planta 147, 43-49.
48. SPSS Inc. (2001) SPSS Base 11.0 User's Guide. SPSS Inc., Chicago. IL, USA.
49. Stevenson, C.A. & Laidlaw, A.S. (1985) The effect of moisture stress on stolon and adventitious root development in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Plant and Soil 85, 249-257.
50. Tardieu, F., Zhang, J., Katerji, N., Bethenod, O., Palmer, S. & Davies, W.J. (1992) Xylem ABA controls the stomatal conductance of field grown maize subjected to soil compaction or soil drying. Plant, Cell & Environment 15, 193-197.
51. Tilman, D. & Downing, J.A. (1994) Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367, 363-365.
52. Tilman, D., Wedin, D. & Knops, J. (1996) Productivity and sustainability influenced by biodiversity in grassland ecosystems. Nature 379, 718-720.
53. Vitousek, P.M. & Hooper, D.U. (1993) Biological diversity and terrestrial ecosystem biogeochemistry. In: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function (eds E.D. Schulze & H.A. Mooney), pp. 3-14. Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg.
54. Walker, B.H. (1992) Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology 6, 18-23.
55. Wardle, D.A. (2001) No observational evidence for diversity enhancing productivity in Mediterranean shrublands. Oecologia 129, 620-621.
56. Wardle, D.A. & Grime, J.P. (2003) Biodiversity and stability of grassland ecosystem functioning. Oikos 100, 622-623.
57. Wardle, D.A., Bonner, K.I. & Barker, G.M. (2000) Stability of ecosystem properties in response to above-ground functional group richness and composition. Oikos 89, 11-23.
58. Yachi, S. & Loreau, M. (1999) Biodiversity and ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: the insurance hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 96, 1463-1468.