Supermarket purchase contributes to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in urban Kenya

PLoS ONE

Volumn 12, Issue 9, 2017, Pages

  Demmler, Kathrin M ^a   Klasen, Stephan ^a   Nzuma, Jonathan M ^b   Qaim, Matin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI   (Kenya)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CAUSALITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD INDUSTRY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; KENYA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; NUTRITION; OBESITY; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PREVALENCE; PURCHASING; URBAN AREA; BLOOD; DIET RESTRICTION; ECONOMICS; FOOD; HOUSING; METABOLISM; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY;

GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FASTING; FEMALE; FOOD; HOUSING; HUMANS; KENYA; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NUTRITIONAL STATUS;

EID: 85029758630     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185148     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress [Internet]. Rome: FAO; 2015. Available: http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
2. World Health Organization (WHO). World Health Statistics 2015. [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2015. Available: http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2015/en/
3. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. The Lancet. 2016; 387: 1377–1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X
4. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Bennett DA, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2014; 384: 766–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8 PMID: 24880830
5. World Health Organization (WHO). Fact sheet N311: Obesity and overweight. In: WHO [Internet]. 2016 [cited 23 Feb 2017]. Available: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
6. World Health Organization (WHO). Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2006. Available: http://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/diagnosis_diabetes2006/en/
7. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas. 7 ed. [Internet]. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2015. Available: http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/EN_6E_Atlas_Full_0.pdf
8. World Health Organization (WHO). A global brief on hypertension. Silent killer, global public health crisis [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2013. Available: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79059/1/WHO_DCO_WHD_2013.2_eng.pdf?ua=1
9. Popkin BM. Nutrition transition and the global diabetes epidemic. Curr Diab Rep. 2015; 15: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0631-4 PMID: 26209940
10. Popkin BM, Slining MM. New dynamics in global obesity facing low- and middle-income countries. Obes Rev. 2013; 14: 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12102 PMID: 24102717
11. Dalal S, Beunza JJ, Volmink J, Adebamowo C, Bajunirwe F, Njelekela M, et al. Non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa: what we know now. Int J Epidemiol. 2011; 40: 885–901. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr050 PMID: 21527446
12. Narayan KV, Ali MK, Koplan JP. Global noncommunicable diseases-where worlds meet. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 1196–1198. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1002024 PMID: 20860499
13. Okafor C. The metabolic syndrome in Africa: current trends. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 16: 56–66. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.91191 PMID: 22276253
14. World Economic Forum. The Global Economic Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland; 2011.
15. Herman WH. The economic costs of diabetes: is it time for a new treatment paradigm? Diabetes Care. 2013; 36: 775–776. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0270 PMID: 23520368
16. Institute of Medicine (U.S.), editor. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). 1st ed. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2005.
17. Popkin BM, Adair LS, Ng SW. Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012; 70: 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x PMID: 22221213
18. Popkin B, Ng SW. The nutrition transition in high-and low-income countries: what are the policy lessons? Agric Econ. 2007; 37: 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00245.x
19. Roemling C, Qaim M. Dual burden households and intra-household nutritional inequality in Indonesia. Econ Hum Biol. 2013; 11: 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2013.07.001 PMID: 23890671
20. Traill WB, Mazzocchi M, Shankar B, Hallam D. Importance of government policies and other influences in transforming global diets. Nutr Rev. 2014; 72: 591–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12134 PMID: 25110040
21. Qaim M. Globalisation of agrifood systems and sustainable nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000598 PMID: 27301655
22. Tilman D, Balzer C, Hill J, Befort BL. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011; 108: 20260–20264. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116437108 PMID: 22106295
23. Hawkes C. Dietary implications of supermarket development: a global perspective. Dev Policy Rev. 2008; 26: 657–692. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00428.x
24. Popkin BM. Nutrition, agriculture and the global food system in low and middle income countries. Food Policy. 2014; 47: 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.001 PMID: 24932059
25. Timmer CP. Do supermarkets change the food policy agenda? World Dev. 2009; 37: 1812–1819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.08.022
26. Chege CGK, Andersson CIM, Qaim M. Impacts of supermarkets on farm household nutrition in Kenya. World Dev. 2015; 72: 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.016
27. Reardon T, Chen K, Minten B, Adriano L. The quiet revolution in staple food value chains. 1st ed. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank; 2012.
28. Reardon T, Timmer C, Minten B. Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012; 109: 12332–12337. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1003160108 PMID: 21135250
29. Rischke R, Kimenju SC, Klasen S, Qaim M. Supermarkets and food consumption patterns: the case of small towns in Kenya. Food Policy. 2015; 52: 9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.02.001
30. Minot N, Stringer R, Umberger WJ, Maghraby W. Urban shopping patterns in Indonesia and their implications for small farmers. Bull Indones Econ Stud. 2015; 51: 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1104410
31. Asfaw A. Does supermarket purchase affect the dietary practices of households? Some empirical evidence from Guatemala. Dev Policy Rev. 2008; 26: 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2008.00407.x
32. Kimenju SC, Rischke R, Klasen S, Qaim M. Do supermarkets contribute to the obesity pandemic in developing countries? Public Health Nutr. 2015; 18: 3224–3233. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015000919 PMID: 25870914
33. Toiba H, Umberger WJ, Minot N. Diet transition and supermarket shopping behaviour: is there a link? Bull Indones Econ Stud. 2015; 51: 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1111997
34. Umberger WJ, He X, Minot N, Toiba H. Examining the relationship between the use of supermarkets and over-nutrition in Indonesia. Am J Agric Econ. 2015; 97: 510–525. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau111
35. Tessier S, Traissac P, Maire B, Bricas N, Eymard-Duvernay S, El Ati J, et al. Regular users of supermarkets in Greater Tunis have a slightly improved diet quality. J Nutr. 2008; 138: 768–774. PMID: 18356333
36. Asfaw A. Does consumption of processed foods explain disparities in the body weight of individuals? The case of Guatemala. Health Econ. 2011; 20: 184–195. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.1579 PMID: 20029821
37. Zhou Y, Du S, Su C, Zhang B, Wang H, Popkin BM. The food retail revolution in China and its association with diet and health. Food Policy. 2015; 55: 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.07.001 PMID: 26217068
38. Planet Retail. Country report Kenya. In: Planet Retail [Internet]. 2016 [cited 28 Feb 2016]. Available: http://www.planetretail.net/Markets/Country/91
39. World Health Organization (WHO). Global health observatory data repository. In: WHO [Internet]. 2015 [cited 26 Oct 2016]. Available: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A897A?lang=en
40. World Health Organization (WHO). Global health observatory (GHO) data //Kenya: WHO statistical profile. In: WHO [Internet]. 2015 [cited 16 Apr 2016]. Available: http://www.who.int/gho/countries/ken/country_profiles/en/
41. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Population distribution by administrative units [Internet]. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics; 2010. Available: http://www.knbs.or.ke/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=109:population-and-housing-census-2009&Itemid=599
42. Demmler KM, Ecker O, Qaim M. Supermarket shopping and nutritional outcomes: a panel data analysis for urban Kenya. World Dev. 2017; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.07.018
43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Anthropometry Procedures Manual. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2007.
44. de Onis M, Onyango A, Van den Broeck J, Chumlea WC, Martorell R. Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference. Food Nutr Bull. 2004; 25: s27–s36. https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265040251S104 PMID: 15069917
45. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO/Europe | Nutrition—Body mass index. In: WHO [Internet]. 2014 [cited 19 Aug 2016]. Available: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
46. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29 (Suppl. 1): s4–s42.
47. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome [Internet]. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2006. Available: http://www.idf.org/ metabolic-syndrome
48. Wooldridge JM. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 2nd ed. Australia; Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub; 2003.
49. Hill RC, Griffiths WE, Lim GC. Principles of Econometrics. 3rd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley; 2008.
50. Deaton A. Instruments, randomization, and learning about development. J Econ Lit. 2010; 48: 424–455. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.2.424
51. Duflo E. Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia: evidence from an unusual policy experiment. Am Econ Rev. 2001; 91: 795–813. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.4.795
52. Gruber J. Disability insurance benefits and labor supply. J Polit Econ. 2000; 108: 1162–1183.
53. Angrist JD, Krueger AB. Instrumental variables and the search for identification: from supply and demand to natural experiments. J Econ Perspect. 2001; 15: 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.4.69
54. Leigh JP, Schembri M. Instrumental variables technique: cigarette price provided better estimate of effects of smoking on SF-12. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004; 57: 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.08.006 PMID: 15066689
55. Vellakkal S, Fledderjohann J, Basu S, Agrawal S, Ebrahim S, Campbell O, et al. Food price spikes are associated with increased malnutrition among children in Andhra Pradesh, India. J Nutr. 2015; 145: 1942–1949. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.211250 PMID: 26136589
56. Di Falco S, Veronesi M, Yesuf M. Does adaptation to climate change provide food security? A micro-perspective from Ethiopia. Am J Agric Econ. 2011; 93: 829–846. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aar006
57. Andersson CIM, Chege CGK, Rao EJO, Qaim M. Following up on smallholder farmers and supermarkets in Kenya. Am J Agric Econ. 2015; 97: 1247–1266. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aav006
58. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome—a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabet Med. 2006; 23: 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x PMID: 16681555
59. Joshi M, Ayah R, Njau E, Wanjiru R, Kayima J, Njeru E, et al. Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in an urban slum in Nairobi, Kenya: a population-based survey. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1177–1187. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1177 PMID: 25407513
60. Bommer C, Heesemann E, Sagalova V, Manne-Goehler J, Atun R, Bärnighausen T, et al. The global economic burden of diabetes in adults aged 20–79 years: a cost-of-illness study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017; 5: 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30097-9 PMID: 28456416
61. Liu RH. Health-promoting components of fruits and vegetables in the diet. Adv Nutr Int Rev J. 2013; 4: S384–92. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.003517 PMID: 23674808
62. Kimenju SC, Qaim M. The nutrition transition and indicators of child malnutrition. Food Secur. 2016; 8: 571–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0566-x
63. Mergenthaler M, Weinberger K, Qaim M. The food system transformation in developing countries: A disaggregate demand analysis for fruits and vegetables in Vietnam. Food Policy. 2009; 34: 426–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2009.03.009