Meningococcal disease: Has the battle been won?

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps

Volumn 163, Issue 4, 2017, Pages 235-241

  Millar, Beverley C ^a   Moore, P J A ^b   Moore, J E ^a,b  

^a BELFAST CITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MENINGOCOCCUS VACCINE;

EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; RISK FACTOR; SOLDIER;

DISEASE OUTBREAKS; HUMANS; MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINES; MILITARY PERSONNEL; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 85026901432     PISSN: 00358665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2016-000695     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Priest R, Jr. Meningococcal infections in the army 1939–1945, with 30 selected illustrative cases. J R Army Med Corps 1947;89:1–28.
2. Phair JJ. (1958) Meningococcal meningitis. In: Coates JB, Hoff C, Hoff PM, eds. Preventive medicine in WWII, volume IV, communicable diseases, transmitted chiefly through respiratory and alimentary tracts. Washington DC. http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/PM4/CH11.Meningitis.htm (accessed 25 Jul 2016).
3. Abio A, Neal KR, Beck CR. An epidemiological review of changes in meningococcal biology during the last 100 years. Pathog Glob Health 2013;107:373–80.
4. Brundage JF, Ryan MA, Feighner BH, et al. Meningococcal disease among United States military service members in relation to routine uses of vaccines with different serogroup-specific components, 1964–1998. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1376–81.
5. Riedel S. Biological warfare and bioterrorism: a historical review. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2004;17:400–6.
6. Broderick MP, Faix DJ, Hansen CJ, et al. Trends in meningococcal disease in the United States military, 1971–2010. Emerging Infect Dis 2012;18:1430–7.
7. Thomas HM, Jr. Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia: report of outbreak in Fourth Service Command during winter and spring of 1942–1943. JAMA 1943;123:264–72.
8. Kuhns DM, Feldman HA. Laboratory methods used in determining the value of sulfadiazine as a mass prophylactic against meningococcic infections. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1943;33:1461–5.
9. Leimkugel J, Racloz V, Jacintho da Silva L, et al. Global review of meningococcal disease. A shifting etiology. J Bacteriol Res 2009;1:6–18.
10. Gordon MH. Identification of the meningococcus. J R Army Med Corps 1918;30:1–22.
11. Harrison OB, Claus H, Jiang Y, et al. Description and nomenclature of Neisseria meningitidis capsule locus. Emerging Infect Dis 2013;19:566–73.
12. CDC. Laboratory Methods for the Diagnosis of Meningitis. CHAPTER 7 Identification and Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis. http://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/lab-manual/chpt07-id-characterization-nm.html (accessed 25 Jul 2016).
13. Jolley KA, Brehony C, Maiden MC. Molecular typing of meningococci: recommendations for target choice and nomenclature. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007;31:89–96.
14. Jones CH, Mohamed N, Rojas E, et al. Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic approaches to capsule typing of Neisseria meningitidis by use of invasive and carriage isolate collections. J Clin Microbiol 2016;54:25–34.
15. PHL England 2015. The green book. Meningococcal, Chapter 22. 2015. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/462629/2904512_Green_Book_Chapter_22_v6_0W.PDF (accessed 25 Jul 2016).
16. Lucidarme J, Hill DM, Bratcher HB, et al. Genomic resolution of an aggressive, widespread, diverse and expanding meningococcal serogroup B, C and W lineage. J Infect 2015;71:544–52.
17. Simon MS, Weiss D, Geevarughese A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination among men who have sex with men in New York city. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016;71:146–54.
18. Aubert L, Taha M, Boo N, et al. Serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease among men who have sex with men and in gay-oriented social venues in the Paris region: July 2013 to December 2014. Euro Surveill 2015;20: pii:21016.
19. Marcus U, Vogel U, Schubert A, et al. A cluster of invasive meningococcal disease in young men who have sex with men in Berlin, October 2012 to May 2013. Euro Surveill 2013;18:pii:20523.
20. Glover JA. “Spacing-out” in the prevention of military epidemics of cerebro-spinal fever. BMJ 1918;2:509–12.
21. Caugant DA, Høiby EA, Rosenqvist E, et al. Transmission of Neisseria meningitidis among asymptomatic military recruits and antibody analysis. Epidemiol Infect 1992;109:241–53.
22. Andersen J, Berthelsen L, Jensen BB, et al. Surveillance of cases of meningococcal disease associated with military recruits studied for meningococcal carriage. Scand J Infect Dis 2000;32:527–31.
23. BMJ Best Practice Meningococcal Disease. http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/monograph/542.html (accessed 25 Jul 2016).
24. Sartwell PE, Smith WM. Epidemiological notes on meningococcal meningitis in the army. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1944;34:40–9.
25. Wolf RE, Birbara CA. Meningococcal infections at an army training center. Am J Med 1968;44:243–55.
26. Artenstein MS, Schneider H, Tingley MD. Meningococcal infections. 1. Prevalence of serogroups causing disease in US Army personnel in 1964–70. Bull World Health Organ 1971;45:275–8.
27. Broderick MP. Surveillance snapshot: cases of service member meningococcal disease reported to the Naval Health Research Center Laboratory-based Meningococcal Disease Surveillance Program, 2006–2014. MSMR 2014;21:18.
28. Broderick MP, Phillips C, Faix D. Meningococcal disease in US military personnel before and after adoption of conjugate vaccine. Emerging Infect Dis 2015;21:377–9.
29. Vázquez JA, Taha MK, Findlow J, et al. Global Meningococcal Initiative: guidelines for diagnosis and confirmation of invasive meningococcal disease. Epidemiol Infect 2016;144:3052–7.
30. McGill F, Heyderman RS, Michael BD, et al. The UK joint specialist societies guideline on the diagnosis and management of acute meningitis and meningococcal sepsis in immunocompetent adults. J Infect 2016;72: 405–38.
31. Wilson WJ, Purce RB, Darling G. Certain points observed with regard to cerebrospinal fever in the Belfast Military District during 1915 and up to November, 1916. BMJ 1916;2:900–4.
32. Findlow J, Bai X, Findlow H, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a four-component meningococcal group B vaccine (4CMenB) and a quadrivalent meningococcal group ACWY conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly in healthy laboratory workers. Vaccine 2015;33:3322–30.
33. Wever PC, Hodges AJ. The First World War years of Sydney Domville Rowland: an early case of possible laboratory-acquired meningococcal disease. J R Army Med Corps 2016;162:310–15.
34. Xu J, Millar BC, Moore JE, et al. Employment of broad-range 16S rRNA PCR to detect aetiological agents of infection from clinical specimens in patients with acute meningitis—rapid separation of 16S rRNA PCR amplicons without the need for cloning. J Appl Microbiol 2003;94:197–206.
35. Lee D, Kim EJ, Kilgore PE, et al. Clinical evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Neisseria meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS ONE 2015;10:e0122922.
36. Bourke TW, McKenna JP, Coyle PV, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a near-patient test for meningococcal disease in children: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2015;15:552–8.
37. Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, et al. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2013;62:1–28.
38. MacNeil JR, Rubin L, Folaranmi T, et al. Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Use of Serogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines in Adolescents and Young Adults: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:1171–6.
39. Lee SO. Commencement of the meningococcal vaccination for the Republic of Korea army. Infect Chemother 2013;45:113–15.
40. Beam WE Jr, Newberg NR, Devine LF, et al. The effect of rifampin on the nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in a military population. J Infect Dis 1971;124:39–46.
41. Renkonen OV, Sivonen A, Visakorpi R. Effect of ciprofloxacin on carrier rate of Neisseria meningitidis in army recruits in Finland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:962–3.
42. Kilic A, Jolley KA, Gul HC, et al. Genetic and antigenic characterization of Neisseria meningitidis strains from Turkish recruits in 2006. Intern Med 2008;47:1949–50.
43. Gotschlich EC, Liu TY, Artenstein MS. Human immunity to the meningococcus: III. Preparation and immunochemical properties of the group A, group B, and group C meningococcal polysaccharides. J Exp Med 1969;129:1349–65.
44. Artenstein MS, Gold R, Zimmerly JG, et al. Prevention of meningococcal disease by group C polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1970;282:417–20.
45. Gold R, Artenstein MS. Meningococcal infections. 2. Field trial of group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 1969–70. Bull World Health Organ 1971;45:279–82.
46. Gotschlich EC, Goldschneider I, Artenstein MS. Human immunity to the meningococcus: V. The effect of immunization with meningococcal group C polysaccharide on the carrier state. J Exp Med 1969;129:1385–95.
47. Patel M, Romero-Steiner S, Broderick MP, et al. Persistence of serogroup C antibody responses following quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccination in United States military personnel. Vaccine 2014;32:3805–9.
48. Campbell H, Saliba V, Borrow R, et al. Targeted vaccination of teenagers following continued rapid endemic expansion of a single meningococcal group W clone (sequence type 11 clonal complex), United Kingdom 2015. Euro Surveill 2015;20: pii:21188.
49. Andrews SM, Pollard AJ. A vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis: dealing with uncertainty. Lancet Infect Dis 2014;14:426–34.
50. Ladhani SN, Campbell H, Parikh SR, et al. The introduction of the meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine (Bexsero®) into The National infant immunisation programme— new challenges for public health. J Infect 2015;71:611–14.
51. Harrison LH. Vaccines for prevention of group B meningococcal disease: not your father’s vaccines. Vaccine 2015;33:D32–8.
52. Maïnassara HB, Paireau J, Idi I, et al. Response strategies against meningitis epidemics after elimination of serogroup A meningococci, Niger. Emerg Infect Dis 2015;21:1322–9.
53. Xie O, Pollard AJ, Mueller JE, et al. Emergence of serogroup X meningococcal disease in Africa: need for a vaccine. Vaccine 2013;31:2852–61.
54. Masterton RG, Youngs ER, Wardle JC, et al. Control of an outbreak of group C meningococcal meningitis with a polysaccharide vaccine. J Infect 1988;17:177–82.
55. McNamara LA, Shumate AM, Johnsen P, et al. First use of a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine in the US in response to a university outbreak. Pediatrics 2015;135:798–804.
56. Soeters HM, McNamara LA, Whaley M, et al. Serogroup B meningococcal disease outbreak and carriage evaluation at a college—Rhode Island, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015;64:608–12.
57. de Wals P. Results of a mass immunisation campaign with 4-components serogroup b meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) in Quebec, Canada. In: Proceedings of Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults 2015. London, UK: Royal Society of Medicine. MRF Conference December 2015. http://www.meningitis.org/conference2015#sthash.Ywj176IM.dpuf (accessed 25 Jul 2016).
58. Stroffolini T, Angelini L, Galanti I, et al. The effect of meningococcal group A and C polysaccharide vaccine on nasopharyngeal carrier state. Microbiologica 1990;13:225–9.
59. Biselli R, Fattorossi A, Matricardi PM, et al. Dramatic reduction of meningococcal meningitis among military recruits in Italy after introduction of specific vaccination. Vaccine 1993;11:578–81.
60. Mimouni D, Bar-Zeev Y, Huerta M, et al. Preventive effect of meningococcal vaccination in Israeli military recruits. Am J Infect Control 2010;38:56–8.
61. Mehrabi Tavana A, Ataee RA. Meningococcal meningitis control in Iran: five year comparative study 2000–2004. J Med Sci 2009;9:51–4.
62. Bergman BP, Hayton JC, Green AD. Effectiveness of the meningococcal vaccination programme for British Armed Forces recruits. Commun Dis Public Health 2000;3:298–9.
63. British Army. 2014. Drumhead Service held in memory of VC hero. 17 November 2014. http://www.army.mod.uk/news/26713.aspx (accessed 25 Jul 2016).