메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 1, 2018, Pages 7-14

Colorectal cancer in the young: a possible role for immune surveillance?

Author keywords

Colorectal cancer; immonosurveillance; survival; young age

Indexed keywords

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADULT; AGE; AGED; CANCER STAGING; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLON RESECTION; COLORECTAL TUMOR; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DISEASE FREE SURVIVAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOLOGICAL PROCEDURES; IMMUNOLOGY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; ROLE PLAYING; SURVIVAL RATE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR INVASION;

EID: 85026257813     PISSN: 00015458     EISSN: 25770160     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2017.1353233     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (2)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 84930172610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer in young adults
    • [Internet]. Available from
    • Inra JA, Syngal S., Colorectal cancer in young adults. Dig Dis Sci. 2015;60:722–733. [Internet]. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10620-014-3464-0
    • (2015) Dig Dis Sci , vol.60 , pp. 722-733
    • Inra, J.A.1    Syngal, S.2
  • 2
    • 84920837701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer statistics, 2015
    • Available from
    • Siegel R, Miller K, Jemal A., Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2015;65:29. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21254/pdf
    • (2015) CA Cancer J Clin [Internet] , vol.65 , pp. 29
    • Siegel, R.1    Miller, K.2    Jemal, A.3
  • 3
    • 84857063698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Despite aggressive histopathology survival is not impaired in young patients with colorectal cancer: CRC in patients under 50 years of age
    • Schellerer VS, Merkel S, Schumann SC, et al. Despite aggressive histopathology survival is not impaired in young patients with colorectal cancer: CRC in patients under 50 years of age. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27:71–79.
    • (2012) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.27 , pp. 71-79
    • Schellerer, V.S.1    Merkel, S.2    Schumann, S.C.3
  • 4
    • 84874048160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer: are the “young” being overlooked?
    • Taggarshe D, Rehil N, Sharma S, et al. Colorectal cancer: are the “young” being overlooked?. Am J Surg. 2013;205:312–316.
    • (2013) Am J Surg , vol.205 , pp. 312-316
    • Taggarshe, D.1    Rehil, N.2    Sharma, S.3
  • 5
    • 84960402594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening
    • Abdelsattar ZM, Wong SL, Regenbogen SE, et al. Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening. Cancer. 2016;122:929–934.
    • (2016) Cancer , vol.122 , pp. 929-934
    • Abdelsattar, Z.M.1    Wong, S.L.2    Regenbogen, S.E.3
  • 6
    • 84962374528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and related lifestyle risk factors in 15–49-year-olds in Canada, 1969–2010
    • [Internet]. Available from
    • Patel P, De P., Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and related lifestyle risk factors in 15–49-year-olds in Canada, 1969–2010. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;42:90–100. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877782116300340
    • (2016) Cancer Epidemiol , vol.42 , pp. 90-100
    • Patel, P.1    De, P.2
  • 7
    • 84919623529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in Australia over two decades: report and review
    • Young JP, Win AK, Rosty C, et al. Rising incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer in Australia over two decades: report and review. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2015;30:6–13.
    • (2015) J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 6-13
    • Young, J.P.1    Win, A.K.2    Rosty, C.3
  • 8
    • 84893689635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in colorectal cancer incidence rates in young and older adults in the United States: what does it tell us about screening
    • [Internet]. Available from
    • Austin H, Jane Henley S, King J, et al. Changes in colorectal cancer incidence rates in young and older adults in the United States: what does it tell us about screening. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25:191–201. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24249437\nhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10552-013-0321-y
    • (2014) Cancer Causes Control , vol.25 , pp. 191-201
    • Austin, H.1    Jane Henley, S.2    King, J.3
  • 9
    • 84921666566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing disparities in the age-related incidences of colon and rectal cancers in the United States, 1975–2010
    • Bailey CE, Hu C-Y, You YN, et al. Increasing disparities in the age-related incidences of colon and rectal cancers in the United States, 1975–2010. JAMA Surg. 2015;150:17–22.
    • (2015) JAMA Surg , vol.150 , pp. 17-22
    • Bailey, C.E.1    Hu, C.-Y.2    You, Y.N.3
  • 10
    • 64049112075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal neoplasia screening before age 50?: current epidemiologic trends in the United States
    • Cooley EK, McPhee JT, Simons JP, et al. Colorectal neoplasia screening before age 50?: current epidemiologic trends in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52:222–229.
    • (2009) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.52 , pp. 222-229
    • Cooley, E.K.1    McPhee, J.T.2    Simons, J.P.3
  • 12
    • 33847212827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer localization in young patients: Should we expand the screening program?
    • Savas N, Dagli U, Akbulut S, et al. Colorectal cancer localization in young patients: Should we expand the screening program? Dig Dis Sci. 2007;52:798–802.
    • (2007) Dig Dis Sci , vol.52 , pp. 798-802
    • Savas, N.1    Dagli, U.2    Akbulut, S.3
  • 13
    • 79954602551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do young patients with colorectal cancer have a poorer prognosis than old patients?
    • [Internet] Available from
    • Li M, Li J-Y, Zhao A-L, et al. Do young patients with colorectal cancer have a poorer prognosis than old patients?. J Surg Res.[Internet]. 2011;167:231–236. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21316708
    • (2011) J Surg Res , vol.167 , pp. 231-236
    • Li, M.1    Li, J.-Y.2    Zhao, A.-L.3
  • 14
    • 68349092800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival in an Asian cohort of young colorectal cancer patients: an analysis of 523 patients from a single institution
    • [Internet]. Available from
    • Chew M-H, Koh P-K, Ng K-H, et al. Improved survival in an Asian cohort of young colorectal cancer patients: an analysis of 523 patients from a single institution. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24:1075–1083. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19387661
    • (2009) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.24 , pp. 1075-1083
    • Chew, M.-H.1    Koh, P.-K.2    Ng, K.-H.3
  • 15
    • 0038115228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Favorable influence of age on tumor characteristics of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma: patients 30 years of age or younger may be a distinct patient group
    • Chiang JM, Chen MC, Changchien CR, et al. Favorable influence of age on tumor characteristics of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma: patients 30 years of age or younger may be a distinct patient group. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46:904–910.
    • (2003) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.46 , pp. 904-910
    • Chiang, J.M.1    Chen, M.C.2    Changchien, C.R.3
  • 16
    • 0031713596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young age is not a poor prognostic marker in colorectal cancer
    • [Internet]. Available from
    • Chung YF, Eu KW, Machin D, et al. Young age is not a poor prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 1998;85:1255–1259. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9752871
    • (1998) Br J Surg , vol.85 , pp. 1255-1259
    • Chung, Y.F.1    Eu, K.W.2    Machin, D.3
  • 17
    • 84890565993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young colorectal carcinoma patients do not have a poorer prognosis: A comparative review of 2,426 cases
    • Yeo SA, Chew MH, Koh PK, et al. Young colorectal carcinoma patients do not have a poorer prognosis: A comparative review of 2,426 cases. Tech Coloproctol. 2013;17:653–661.
    • (2013) Tech Coloproctol , vol.17 , pp. 653-661
    • Yeo, S.A.1    Chew, M.H.2    Koh, P.K.3
  • 18
    • 29144514645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer
    • [Internet]. Available from: ://WOS:000234094400006\n
    • Pagès F, Berger A, Camus M, et al. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2654–2666. [Internet]. Available from: ://WOS:000234094400006\nhttp://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa051424\nhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16371631.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2654-2666
    • Pagès, F.1    Berger, A.2    Camus, M.3
  • 19
    • 84974853731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer
    • Kubo H, Murayama Y, Arita T, et al. The prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer. World J. Surg. 2016;40:2796–2802.
    • (2016) World J. Surg , vol.40 , pp. 2796-2802
    • Kubo, H.1    Murayama, Y.2    Arita, T.3
  • 20
    • 0033523204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability and 8p allelic imbalance in stage B2 and C colorectal cancers
    • Halling KC, French AJ, McDonnell SK, et al. Microsatellite instability and 8p allelic imbalance in stage B2 and C colorectal cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:1295–1303.
    • (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.91 , pp. 1295-1303
    • Halling, K.C.1    French, A.J.2    McDonnell, S.K.3
  • 21
    • 33744818489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical test for MLH1 and MSH2 expression predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients
    • Lanza G, Gafa R, Santini A, et al. Immunohistochemical test for MLH1 and MSH2 expression predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2359–2367.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 2359-2367
    • Lanza, G.1    Gafa, R.2    Santini, A.3
  • 22
    • 0034852772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite instability in sporadic colon cancer is associated with an improved prognosis at the population level
    • Samowitz WS, Curtin K, Ma KN, et al. Microsatellite instability in sporadic colon cancer is associated with an improved prognosis at the population level. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:917–923.
    • (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , vol.10 , pp. 917-923
    • Samowitz, W.S.1    Curtin, K.2    Ma, K.N.3
  • 23
    • 14544300998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis
    • Popat S, Hubner R, Houlston RS., Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:609–618.
    • (2005) J Clin Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 609-618
    • Popat, S.1    Hubner, R.2    Houlston, R.S.3
  • 24
    • 34447121322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced likelihood of metastases in patients with microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer
    • Malesci A, Laghi L, Bianchi P, et al. Reduced likelihood of metastases in patients with microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:3831–3839.
    • (2007) Clin Cancer Res , vol.13 , pp. 3831-3839
    • Malesci, A.1    Laghi, L.2    Bianchi, P.3
  • 25
    • 54349100540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colon cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, adjuvant treatment and follow-up
    • Van Cutsem EJD., Colon cancer: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, adjuvant treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2007;18 Suppl 2:ii21–ii22.
    • (2007) Ann Oncol , vol.18 Suppl 2 , pp. ii21-ii22
    • Van Cutsem, E.J.D.1
  • 26
    • 84940212738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD80-CD28 signaling controls the progression of inflammatory colorectal carcinogenesis
    • Scarpa M, Brun P, Scarpa M, et al. CD80-CD28 signaling controls the progression of inflammatory colorectal carcinogenesis. Oncotarget. 2015;6:20058–20069.
    • (2015) Oncotarget , vol.6 , pp. 20058-20069
    • Scarpa, M.1    Brun, P.2    Scarpa, M.3
  • 27
    • 84952933302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mismatch repair gene defects in sporadic colorectal cancer enhance immune surveillance
    • Available from
    • Scarpa M, Ruffolo C, Canal F, et al. Mismatch repair gene defects in sporadic colorectal cancer enhance immune surveillance. Oncotarget. 2015;6:43472–82. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26496037
    • (2015) Oncotarget , vol.6 , pp. 43472-43482
    • Scarpa, M.1    Ruffolo, C.2    Canal, F.3
  • 28
    • 84922369377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints
    • Llosa NJ, Cruise M, Tam A, et al. The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is balanced by multiple counter-inhibitory checkpoints. Cancer Discov. 2015;5:43–51.
    • (2015) Cancer Discov , vol.5 , pp. 43-51
    • Llosa, N.J.1    Cruise, M.2    Tam, A.3
  • 29
    • 84936846687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population-based lynch syndrome screening by microsatellite instability in patients
    • Karlitz JJ, Hsieh M-C, Liu Y, et al. Population-based lynch syndrome screening by microsatellite instability in patients
    • (2015) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.110 , pp. 948-955
    • Karlitz, J.J.1    Hsieh, M.-C.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 31
    • 84956696160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and molecular features of young-onset colorectal cancer
    • Ballester V, Rashtak S, Boardman L., Clinical and molecular features of young-onset colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:1736–1744.
    • (2016) World J Gastroenterol , vol.22 , pp. 1736-1744
    • Ballester, V.1    Rashtak, S.2    Boardman, L.3
  • 32
    • 77956848158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal carcinoma in young adults: a retrospective study on Indian patients: 2000–2008
    • Gupta S, Bhattacharya D, Acharya a. N, et al. Colorectal carcinoma in young adults: a retrospective study on Indian patients: 2000–2008. Colorectal Dis. 2010;12:e182–e189.
    • (2010) Colorectal Dis , vol.12 , pp. e182-e189
    • Gupta, S.1    Bhattacharya, D.2    Acharya, A.N.3
  • 33
    • 84970023708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of sporadic colorectal cancer in young patients: a large institutional-based retrospective study
    • Kim TJ, Kim ER, Hong SN, et al. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of sporadic colorectal cancer in young patients: a large institutional-based retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e3641.
    • (2016) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.95 , pp. e3641
    • Kim, T.J.1    Kim, E.R.2    Hong, S.N.3
  • 34
    • 84936948743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA mismatch repair status predicts need for future colorectal surgery for metachronous neoplasms in young individuals undergoing colorectal cancer resection
    • Aronson M, Holter S, Semotiuk K, et al. DNA mismatch repair status predicts need for future colorectal surgery for metachronous neoplasms in young individuals undergoing colorectal cancer resection. Dis. Colon Rectum. 2015;58:645–652.
    • (2015) Dis. Colon Rectum , vol.58 , pp. 645-652
    • Aronson, M.1    Holter, S.2    Semotiuk, K.3
  • 36
    • 34648814220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Young age influences treatment but not outcome of colon cancer
    • Quah HM, Joseph R, Schrag D, et al. Young age influences treatment but not outcome of colon cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2007;14:2759–2765.
    • (2007) Ann Surg Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 2759-2765
    • Quah, H.M.1    Joseph, R.2    Schrag, D.3
  • 37
    • 3042651220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do young colon cancer patients have worse outcomes?
    • O’Connell JB, Maggard MA, Liu JH, et al. Do young colon cancer patients have worse outcomes? World J Surg. 2004;28:558–562.
    • (2004) World J Surg , vol.28 , pp. 558-562
    • O’Connell, J.B.1    Maggard, M.A.2    Liu, J.H.3
  • 38
    • 84944896377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of colorectal cancer in young versus elderly: a population-based cohort study of SEER 9 registries data (1988–2011)
    • Wang R, Wang M-J, Ping J., Clinicopathological features and survival outcomes of colorectal cancer in young versus elderly: a population-based cohort study of SEER 9 registries data (1988–2011). Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1402.
    • (2015) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.94 , pp. e1402
    • Wang, R.1    Wang, M.-J.2    Ping, J.3
  • 39
    • 84868210702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-associated alterations in CD8alpha + dendritic cells impair CD8 T-cell expansion in response to an intracellular bacterium
    • Li G, Smithey MJ, Rudd BD, et al. Age-associated alterations in CD8alpha + dendritic cells impair CD8 T-cell expansion in response to an intracellular bacterium. Aging Cell. 2012;11:968–977.
    • (2012) Aging Cell , vol.11 , pp. 968-977
    • Li, G.1    Smithey, M.J.2    Rudd, B.D.3
  • 40
    • 84868193217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunosenescence: effect of aging on cells and receptors of the innate immune system in humans
    • Solana R, Tarazona R, Gayoso I, et al. Innate immunosenescence: effect of aging on cells and receptors of the innate immune system in humans. Semin Immunol. 2012;24:331–341.
    • (2012) Semin Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 331-341
    • Solana, R.1    Tarazona, R.2    Gayoso, I.3
  • 41
    • 84868197202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aged-related shifts in T cell homeostasis lead to intrinsic T cell defects
    • Haynes L, Swain SL., Aged-related shifts in T cell homeostasis lead to intrinsic T cell defects. Semin Immunol. 2012;24:350–355.
    • (2012) Semin Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 350-355
    • Haynes, L.1    Swain, S.L.2
  • 42
    • 84868199335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in CD8 T cell homeostasis and immunity to infection
    • Nikolich-Zugich J, Li G, Uhrlaub JL, et al. Age-related changes in CD8 T cell homeostasis and immunity to infection. Semin Immunol. 2012;24:356–364.
    • (2012) Semin Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 356-364
    • Nikolich-Zugich, J.1    Li, G.2    Uhrlaub, J.L.3
  • 43
    • 84881116763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colon cancer patients
    • Absenger G, Szkandera J, Pichler M, et al. A derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colon cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:395–400.
    • (2013) Br J Cancer , vol.109 , pp. 395-400
    • Absenger, G.1    Szkandera, J.2    Pichler, M.3
  • 44
    • 78650389810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an indicator of poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma patients undergoing systemic therapy
    • Kao SCH, Pavlakis N, Harvie R, et al. High blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an indicator of poor prognosis in malignant mesothelioma patients undergoing systemic therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2010;16:5805–5813.
    • (2010) Clin Cancer Res , vol.16 , pp. 5805-5813
    • Kao, S.C.H.1    Pavlakis, N.2    Harvie, R.3
  • 45
    • 84867172020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer
    • Raungkaewmanee S, Tangjitgamol S, Manusirivithaya S, et al. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Oncol. 2012;23:265–273.
    • (2012) J Gynecol Oncol , vol.23 , pp. 265-273
    • Raungkaewmanee, S.1    Tangjitgamol, S.2    Manusirivithaya, S.3
  • 46
    • 84900010587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lymphocyte/monocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome and improves the predictive accuracy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas
    • Szkandera J, Gerger A, Liegl-Atzwanger B, et al. The lymphocyte/monocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome and improves the predictive accuracy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas. Int J Cancer. 2014;135:362–370.
    • (2014) Int J Cancer , vol.135 , pp. 362-370
    • Szkandera, J.1    Gerger, A.2    Liegl-Atzwanger, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.