Non-invasive ventilation for the management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2017, Issue 7, 2017, Pages

  Osadnik, Christian R ^a,b,c   Tee, Vanessa S ^d   Carson Chahhoud, Kristin V ^d   Picot, Joanna ^e   Wedzicha, Jadwiga A ^f   Smith, Brian J ^d  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b SOUTHERN HEALTH   (Australia)

^c INSTITUTE FOR BREATHING AND SLEEP   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^f NATIONAL HEART AND LUNG INSTITUTE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUTE HYPERCAPNIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE; ARTERIAL GAS; BLOOD CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERCAPNIA; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; OPEN STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RESPIRATORY FAILURE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ADULT; COMPLICATION; META ANALYSIS; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PROCEDURES;

ADULT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; NONINVASIVE VENTILATION; POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION; PULMONARY DISEASE, CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY;

EID: 85023765965     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004104.pub4     Document Type: Review

References (217)

1. Avdeev SN, Tretyakov AV, Grigoryants RA, Kutsenko MA, Chuchalin AG. Noninvasive positive airway pressure ventilation: role in treating acute respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Anesteziologita Reanimatologia 1998;3:45-51. 2805684
2. Barbe R, Togores B, Rubi M, Pons S, Maimo A, Agusti AGN. Noninvasive ventilatory support does not facilitate recovery from acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 1996;9:1240-5. 2805686
3. Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH, Keilty SEJ, Ward EM, Brown AM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993;341(8860):1555-7. 2805688
4. Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M, Lofaso F, Conti G, Rauss A, Simonneau G, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1995;333(13):817-22. 2805690
5. Mancebo J, Benito S, Net A. The effects of face mask ventilation with pressure support ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory failure in acute decompensation [Efectos de la ventilacion con presion de soporte con mascara facial en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria cronica en descompensacion aguda]. Medicina Clinica 1994;102(17):641-6. 2805691
6. Carrera M, Marin JM, Anton A, Chiner E, Alonso ML, Masa JF, et al. A controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Journal of Critical Care 2009;24(3):473.e7-473.e14. 2805693
7. Celikel T, Sungur M, Ceyhan B, Karakurt S. Comparison of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with standard medical therapy in hypercapnic acute respiratory failure. Chest 1998;114:1636-42. 2805695
8. Collaborative Research Group of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Early use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Chinese Medical Journal 2005;118(24):2034-40. 2805697
9. Collaborative Research Group of Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. [Early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multicentre randomized controlled trial]. [Chinese]. Chung-Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases 2005;28(10):680-4. 2805698
10. del Castillo D, Barrot E, Laserna E, Otero R, Cayuela A, Castillo Gomez J. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a general respiratory ward. Medicina Clinica (Barc) 2003;120(17):647-51. 2805700
11. Dikensoy O, Ikidag B, Bayram N, Filiiz A. A randomized controlled trial of noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):28s. 2805702
12. Dikensoy O, Ikidag B, Filiiz A, Bayram N. Comparison of non-invasive ventilation and standard medical therapy in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial at a tertiary health centre in SE Turkey. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2002;56(2):85-8. [PMID: 11926711]2805703
13. Khilnani GC, Saikia N, Banga A, Sharma SK. Non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of COPD with very high PaCO2: a randomized controlled trial. Lung India 2010;27(3):125-30. 2805707
14. Khilnani GC, Saikia N, Sharma SK, Pande JN, Malhotra OP. Efficacy of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for management of COPD with acute or acute on chronic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. American Thoracic Society 98th International Conference; 2002 May 17-22; Georgia. 2002. 2805708
15. Kramer N, Meyer TJ, Meharg J, Cece RD, Hill NS. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure [see comments]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1995;151(6):1799-1806. 2805712
16. Liu L, Qiu HB, Zheng RQ, Yang Y. [Prospective randomized controlled clinical study of early use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue 2005;17(8):477-80. 2805716
17. Matuska P, Pilarova O, Merta Z, Skrickova J. Non-invasive ventilation support in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [Czech]. Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2006;52(3):241-8. 2805718
18. Plant PK, Owen J L, Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute exacerbations of COPD - the Yorkshire non-invasive ventilation trial. Thorax 1998;53(Suppl 4):A11. 2805725
19. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. A cost-effectiveness analysis of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 1999;54(Suppl 3):S43. 2805727
20. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355(9219):1931-5. [MEDLINE: PMID: 10859037; UI: 20315569]2805728
21. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome. Thorax 2001;56(9):708-12. 2805729
22. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW, Robinson A. Longterm survival following an exacerbation of COPD treated with and without non-invasive ventilation. Thorax 1999;54(Suppl 3):S44. 2805726
23. Samaria JK. Need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in patients of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) on conventional treatment versus non invasive positive airway pressure (NIPPV) [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010;181(Meeting Abstracts):A1515. 2805734
24. Samaria JK. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010;181(Meeting Abstracts):A1516. 2805735
25. Samaria JK, Srivastava SK. Profile of nosocomial pneumonia in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2009:A1501 [Poster #K53]. 2805732
26. Samaria JK, Srivastava SK. Study of pH changes in patients of acute exacerbation of COPD on conventional treatment versus on NIPPV [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2009;179:A1499 [Poster #K51]. 2805733
27. Samaria JK, Srivastava SK, Mathur SK. Mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality in patients of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) on conventional treatment versus non invasive positive pressure (NIPPV) [Abstract]. American Thoracic Society International Conference; 2009 May 15-20 San Diego. 2009; Vol. 179:A1500 [Poster #K52]. 2805731
28. Thys F, Roeseler J, Reynaert M, Liistro G, Rodenstein DO. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20(3):545-55. 2805741
29. Zhou R, Chen P, Luo H, Xiang XD. Effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on gas exchange and patients' transformation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure. Bulletin of Hunan Medical University 2001;26(3):261-2. 2805743
30. Ahmed AH, Fenwick L, Angus RM, Peacock AJ. Nasal ventilation versus doxapram in the treatment of type II respiratory failure complicating chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax 1992;47:858. 2805745
31. Ambrosino N, Nava S, Bertone P, Fracchia C, Rampulla C. Physiologic evaluation of pressure support ventilation by nasal mask in patients with stable COPD. Chest 1992;101:385-91. 6284759
32. Ambrosino N, Foglio K, Rubini F, Clini E, Nava S, Vitacca M. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlates for success. Thorax 1995;50:755-7. 6284761
33. Ambrosino N. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute on chronic respiratory failure: determinants of success or failure. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 1997;52(1):73-5. 6284763
34. Angus RM, Ahmed AA, Fenwick LJ, Peacock AJ. Comparison of the acute effects on gas exchange of nasal ventilation and doxapram in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1996;51:1048-50. 2805747
35. Anton A, Guell R, Gomez J, Serrano J, Castellano A, Carrasco JL, et al. Predicting the result of noninvasive ventilation in severe acute exacerbations of patients with chronic airflow limitation. Chest 2000;117:828-33. 6284765
36. Antonelli M, Conti G, Rocco M, Bufi M, De Blasi RA, Vivino G, et al. A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. New England Journal of Medicine 1998;339:429-35. 2805749
37. Bardi G, Pierotello R, Desideri M, Valdisseri L, Bottai M, Palla A. Nasal ventilation in COPD exacerbations: early and late results of a prospective, controlled study. European Respiratory Journal 2000;15:98-104. 6284767
38. Benhamou D, Girault C, Faure C, Portier F, Muir J-F. Nasal mask ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Chest 1992;102:912-7. 6284769
39. Boix J H, Tejeda M, Alvarez F, Ernesto E, Bertomeu F, Bano M. Non-invasive ventilatory support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparison of two methods. [Apoyo ventilatorio no invasivo en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cronica. Comparacion de dos metodos.]. Revista Clinica Espana 1995;195:678-83. 2805751
40. Brijker F, van den Elshout FJ, de Rijk A, Folgering HT, Bosch FH. Use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation to avoid intubation during acute respiratory insufficiency [Niet-invasieve beademing ter voorkoming van intubatie tijdens acute respiratoire insufficientie]. Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde 1999;146(36):1819-23. 6284771
41. Brochard L, Isabey D, Piquet J, Amaro P, Mancebo J, Messadi AA, et al. Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask. New England Journal of Medicine 1990;323(22):1523-30. 6284773
42. Brochard L, Mancebo J, Elliott MW. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. [Review]. European Respiratory Journal 2002;19(4):712-21. 6284775
43. Carlucci A, Gregoretti C, Squadrone V, Navalesi P, Delmastro M, Nava S. Preventive use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) to avoid post-extubation respiratory failure: a randomized controlled trial. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):29s. 2805753
44. Casanova C, Celli BR, Tost L, Soriano E, Abreu J, Velasco V, Santolaria F. Long-term controlled trial of nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2000;118(6):1582-90. 2805755
45. Caubel A, Roche N, Lefebvre A, Rabbat A, Huchon GJ. Trends in the use of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) in a respiratory intensive care unit (ICU) between 1996 and 2000. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):27s. 6284777
46. Chen RC, Zeng YX, Li YM, Zhong NS. Mask ventilation with bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilator in COPD patients with acute respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 1992;5(Suppl 15):515s. 6284779
47. Chen RC. Facial or nasal mask pressure support ventilation in managing acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1992;15(5):285-7. 6284781
48. Chen R, Zhang X, He G. Modification of facial mask on the dead space effect in non-invasive mask ventilation. [Chinese]. Chung-Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases 2000;23(12):734-6. 2805757
49. Chen R, Zhang X, He G. Modification of facial mask on the dead space effect in non-invasive mask ventilation. [Chinese]. Chung-Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases 2000;23(12):734-6. 2805757
50. Christensen HR, Simonsen K, Lange P, Clementsen P, Kampmann JP, Viskum K, et al. PEEP-masks in patients with severe obstructive pulmonary disease: a negative report. European Respiratory Journal 1990;3:267-72. 6284783
51. Ciuffreda M, Sarni A, Mozzillo M, Zotti M, Aiuti M, Alessandri C. Home versus intensive care ventilators providing noninvasive ventilation (NIV): a clinical comparison during acute respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2011;38:683s [P3782]. 2805761
52. Clini E, Sturani C, Rossi A, Viaggi S, Corrado A, Donner CF, et al. The Italian multicentre study on noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20(3):529-38. 2805763
53. Confalonieri M, Aiolfi S, Gandola L, Scartabellati A, Della Porta R, Parigi P. Severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with BiPAP by nasal mask. Respiration 1994;61(6):310-6. [PMID: 7824810]6284785
54. Confalonieri M, Parigi P, Scartabellati A, Aiolfi S, Scorsetti S, Nava S, et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation improves the immediate and long-term outcome of COPD patients with acute respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 1996;9(3):422-30. [PMID: 8729999]6284787
55. Confalonieri M, Gazzaniga P, Gandola L, Aiolfi S, Della Porta R, Frisinghelli A, et al. Haemodynamic response during initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in COPD patients with acute ventilatory failure. Respiratory Medicine 1998;92:331-7. 6284789
56. Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G, Della Porta R, Tolley EA, Meduri GU. Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1999;160:1585-91. 2805765
57. Conti G, Antonelli M, Navalesi P, Rocco M, Bufi M, Spadetta G, et al. Noninvasive vs. conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after failure of medical treatment in the ward: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(12):1701-7. 2805767
58. Conway JH, Hitchcock RA, Godfrey RC, Carroll MP. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a preliminary study. Respiratory Medicine 1993;87:387-94. 6284791
59. Corrado A, Confalonieri M, Marchese S, Mollica C, Villella G, Gorini M, et al. Iron lung vs mask ventilation in the treatment of acute on chronic respiratory failure in COPD patients: a multicenter study. Chest 2002;121(1):189-95. 6284793
60. Criner GJ, Travaline JM, Brennan KJ, Kreimer DT. Efficacy of a new full face mask for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. Chest 1994;106:1109-15. 6284795
61. Criner GJ, Brennan K, Travaline JM, Kreimer D. Efficacy and compliance with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Chest 1999;116:667-75. 6284797
62. Da Porto R, Monacci A, Bongiorni E, Giovannetti P, Petrone A, Siclari C, et al. Non invasive assist control mechanical ventilation with volume control in severe COPD patiens with acute respiratory failure. European Respiratory Society 10th Annual Congress; 2000 Aug 30-Sep 3; Florence. 2000:Abstract 1803. 6284799
63. Daskalopoulou E, Tsara V, Fekete K, Koutsantsas V, Christaki P. Treatment of acute respiratory failure in COPD patients with positive airway pressure via nasal mask (NIPPV). Chest 1993;103(3 (Suppl)):271S. 2805769
64. De Rosa M, Triolo L, Reale G, Montanari A, Sanguinetti CM. Analysis of outcome measures in COPD patients requiring NIPPV. American Thoracic Society 98th International Conference; 2002 May 17-22; Georgia. 2002. 6284801
65. Desideri M, Gregori G, Marchetti G, Marrelli F, Pulera N, Tempestini F, et al. Outcomes of NPPV in patients with ARF due to AECOPD and associated obesity. Respiratory Journal 2004;24(Suppl 48):313s. 2805771
66. Diaz P, Iglesia R, Ferrer M, Zavala E, Santos C, Wagner PD, et al. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange and haemodynamics during acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1997;156(6):1840-5. [PMID: 9412564]6284803
67. Diaz O, Begin P, Torrealba B, Jover E, Lisboa C. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20(6):1490-8. 2805773
68. Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G, Jansen DF, Kerstjens HA, Zijlstra JG, et al. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in addition to rehabilitation in hypercapnic patients with COPD. Thorax 2008;93:1052-7. 2805775
69. Elliott MW, Confalonieri M, Nava S. Where to perform noninvasive ventilation?. European Respiratory Journal 2002;19(6):1159-66. 6284805
70. Elliott MW, Steven MH, Phillips GD, Branthwaite MA. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure. BMJ 1990;300(6721):358-60. [PMID: 2106984]6284807
71. Elliott MW. Non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 57;3:83-6. 6284809
72. Elston CM, Haque AS, Eraut D, Davison AG, Ward LM. Can non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for COPD be used on a respiratory ward in a district general ward. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):28s. 6284811
73. Fernandez R, Blanch L, Valles J, Baigorri F, Artigas A. Pressure support ventilation via face mask in acute respiratory failure in hypercapnic COPD patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1993;19:456-61. 6284813
74. Ferrer M, Iglesia R, Roca J, Burgos F, Torres A, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Pulmonary gas exchange response to weaning with pressure-support ventilation in exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(11):1595-9. 6284815
75. Foglio C, Vitacca M, Quadri A, Scalvini S, Marangoni S, Ambrosino N. Acute exacerbations in severe COLD patients. Treatment using positive pressure ventilation by nasal mask. Chest 1992;101(6):1533-8. 6284817
76. Foglio K, Clini E, Vitacca M. Different modes of noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in acute exacerbations of COLD patients. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 1994;49(6):556-7. 6284819
77. Gali B, Goyal DG. Positive pressure mechanical ventilation. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 2003;21(2):453-73. 6284821
78. Garrod R, Mikelsons C, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. Randomized controlled trial of domiciliary noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and physical training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;162(4 Pt 1):1335-41. 2805777
79. Gibbons D, Milner P. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COPD patients. Professional Nurse 2002;17(7):405-8. 6284823
80. Girault C, Richard JC, Chevron V, Tamion F, Pasquis P, Leroy J, et al. Comparative physiologic effects of noninvasive assist-control and pressure support ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Chest 1997;111(6):1639-48. 2805779
81. Girault C, Chevron V, Richard JC, Daudenthun I, Pasquis P, Leroy J, et al. Physiological effects and optimisation of nasal assist-control ventilation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in respiratory failure. Thorax 1997;52(8):690-6. 2805781
82. Gorini M, Corrado A, Ginanni R, Villela G, Augustynen A, Tozzi D. The role of invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the treatment of acute on chronic respiratory failure: a prospective cohort study. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):28s. 6284825
83. Gorini M, Corrado A, Villella G, Ginanni R, Augustynen A, Tozzi D. Physiologic effects of negative pressure ventilation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2001;163(7):1614-8. 6284827
84. Gorini M, Villella G, Ginanni R, Augustynen A, Tozzi D, Corrado A. Effect of assist negative pressure ventilation by microprocessor based iron lung on breathing effort. Thorax 2002;57(3):258-62. 6284829
85. Guerin C, Lemasson S, La Cara MF, Fournier G. Physiological effects of constant versus decelerating inflation flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under controlled mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Medicine 2002;28(2):164-9. 2805783
86. Hawker F, Breen D, Torzillo P, Herkes R. Randomized prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1996;153:1188. 6284831
87. Heindl S, Karg O, Bullemer F, Kroworsch P, Pahnke J. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure [Nichtinvasive Beatmung bei akuter respiratorischer Insuffizienz]. Medizinische Klinik 1997;92(1):114-8. 6284833
88. Hilbert G, Gruson D, Vargas F, Valentino R, Portel L, Gbikpi-Benissan G, et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Quite low time consumption for nurses. European Respiratory Journal 2000;16(4):710-6. 6284835
89. Holanda MA, Rocha EM, Farias MS, Farias MF, Paiva MA, Silva AM, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure: factors associated with failure or success. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):30s. 6284837
90. Hui DS, Li ST, Ko FW, Chan D, Chan AT, Tong MW, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on the medical wards: a retrospective study of patients with advanced COPD with acute exacerbations in hypercapnic respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):27s. 6284839
91. Hui KP. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) improves outcomes in a district general hospital. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):28s. 6284841
92. [no authors listed]. Intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annals of Internal Medicine 1983;99(5):612-20. 2805785
93. Jaber S, Fodil R, Carlucci A, Boussarsar M, Pigeot J, Lemaire F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(4 Pt 1):1191-200. 6284843
94. Johnson JE, Gavin DJ, Adams-Dramiga S. Effects of training with heliox and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on exercise ability in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2002;122(2):464-72. 2805787
95. Jones SE, Packham S, Hebden M, Smith AP. Domiciliary nocturnal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to severe COPD: long term follow up and effect on survival. Thorax 1998;53:495-8. 6284845
96. Kaminski D, Sliwinski P, Bielen P, Zielinski J. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in COPD patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure [Nieinwazyjne wspomaganie wentylacji dodatnim cisnieniem u chorych na pochp w okresie hiperkapnicznej niewydolnosci oddychania]. Pneunomologia i Alergologia Polska 1999;67(1-2):45-52. 2805789
97. Katz-Papatheophilou E, Heindl W, Gelbmann H, Hollaus P, Neumann M. Effects of biphasic positive airway pressure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 2000;15(3):498-504. 2805791
98. Kaya A, Celik G, Ural O, Ozdemir O, Acican T, Saryal S. Nasal noninvasive mechanical ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure. European Respiratory Society 10th Annual Congress; 2000 Aug 30-Sep 3; Florence. 2000:Abstract 1793. 6284847
99. Keenan SP, Kernerman PD, Cook DJ, Martin CM, McCormack D, Sibbald WJ. Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on mortality in patients admitted with acute respiratory failure: a meta-analysis. Critical Care Medicine 25;10:1685-92. 6284849
100. Keenan SP, Gregor J, Sibbald WJ, Cook D, Gafni A. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the setting of severe, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: More effective and less expensive. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(6):2094-102. 6284851
101. Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Which patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease benefit from noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation? A systematic review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine 2003;138(11):861-70. 6284853
102. Keenan SP, Powers CE, McCormack DG. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with milder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a randomized controlled trial. Respiratory Care 2005;50(5):610-6. 2805705
103. Khouaja I, Ghedira H. Nasal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for moderate exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated in a Tunisian medical ward [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2012;40:356s [P2032]. 2805710
104. Kikawada M, Oyama T, Ogawa K, Fukutomi A, Arai H, Katsunuma H, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in an elderly woman with acute respiratory failure caused by influenza a virus pneumonia. [Japanese]. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi - Japanese Journal of Geriatrics 2001;38(3):409-13. 6284855
105. Klein G, Matthys H, Costabel U. [Oxygen therapy vs. intermittent positive pressure respiration in the long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)] [German]. Praxis und Klinik der Pneumologie 1981;35(11):528-31. 2805793
106. Köhnlein T, Windisch W, Köhler D, Drabik A, Geiseler J, Hartl S, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2014;2(9):698-705. 2805795
107. Kong WX. Efficacy of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the patients with acute respiratory failure due to COPD complicated with multi-pneumatocele. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2015;63:S327. 6284857
108. Kossler W, Lahrmann H, Brath H, Wei T, Frank W, Wild M, et al. Feedback-controlled negative pressure ventilation in patients with stable severe hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2000;67(4):362-6. 2805797
109. Kossler W, Lahrmann H, Brath H, Wei T, Frank W, Wild M, et al. Feedback-controlled negative pressure ventilation in patients with stable severe hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2000;67(4):362-6. 6284858
110. Laier-Groenveld G, Huttemann U, Criee P-C. NIPPV in chronic ventilatory failure [Die nichtinvasive intermittierende Selbtstbeatmung (ISB) als Therapie der chronischen Ateminsuffizienz]. Medizinische Klinik 1991;86(5):229-33. 6284860
111. Laier-Groenveld G, Criee CP. Long term effects and life expectancy after 6 years intermittent self ventilation [Langzeiteffekte und Lebenserwartung nach sechs Jahren unter intermittierender Selbstbeatmung]. Medizinische Klinik 1995;90(1):62-3. 6284862
112. Leger P, Bedicam JM, Cornette A, Reybet-Degat O, Langevin B, Polu JM, et al. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation - long-term follow-up in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest 1994;105:100-5. 6284864
113. Lien TC, Wang JH, Chang MT, Kuo CD. Comparison of BiPAP nasal ventilation and ventilation via iron lung in severe stable COPD. Chest 1993;104(2):460-6. 2805799
114. Lien T-C, Wang J-H, Wu T-C. Short-term effects of nasal pressure support ventilation in acute exacerbation of hypercapnic COPD. Chinese Medical Journal 1996;57:335-42. 6284866
115. Lien T-C, Wang J-H, Huang S-H, Chen S-D. Comparison of bilevel positive airway pressure and volume ventilation via nasal or facial masks in patients with severe stable COPD. Chinese Medical Journal 2000;63:542-51. 2805801
116. Lukyanov S, Gorbunov V, Alexeev S, Lazutkin M, Aksenova T. The influence of NIV on the pulse wave velocity in patients with the exacerbation of COPD [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2013;42:759s [P3675]. 2805803
117. Lun C-T, Chan VL, Leung W-S, Cheung APS, Cheng S-L, Tsui MSN, et al. A pilot randomized study comparing two methods of non-invasive. Respirology 2013;18(5):814-9. 2805805
118. Lun CT, Chu CM, Chan VL, Leung WS, Cheung PS, Cheng SL, et al. A randomised controlled trial comparing stepwise versus immediate withdrawal from non-invasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients recovering from acute hypercapnic respiratory failure [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2012;40:364s [P2062]. 2805806
119. Maggiore SM, Richard JC, Abroug F, Diehl JL, Antonelli M, Sauder P, et al. A multicentre, randomised trial of noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen mixture in exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. Critical Care Medicine 2010;38(1):145-51. 2805808
120. Martin TJ, Sanders MH, Bierman MI, Hovis JD. Non-invasive application of bi-level positive airway pressure to prevent endotracheal intubation in acute respiratory failure. Critical Care Medicine 1995;23(1 (Suppl)):A129. 2805810
121. Martin TJ, Hovis JD, Costantino JP, Bierman MI, Donahoe MP, Rogers RM, et al. A randomized, prospective evaluation of noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2000;161(3 Pt 1):807-13. 2805812
122. Meduri GU, Conoscenti CC, Menashe P, Nair S. Noninvasive face mask ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Chest 1989;95(4):865-70. 6284868
123. Meecham Jones DJ, Paul EA, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1995;152:538-44. 2805814
124. Meecham Jones DJ, Paul EA, Grahame-Clarke C, Wedzicha JA. Nasal ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect of ventilator mode on arterial blood gas tensions. Thorax 1994;49:1222-4. 2805816
125. Mega C, Pisani L, Navalesi P, Bellone A, Scala R, Repetto V, et al. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF): is the helmet an effective interface? A pilot RCT [Abstract]. European Respiratory Journal 2012;40:356s [P2025]. 2805818
126. Moretti M, Girardis M, Marchioni A, De Guglielmo M, Lombardini C, Rinaldi L, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation vs invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with comatose acute respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):29s. 6284870
127. Nava S, Evangelisti I, Rampulla C, Compagnoni ML, Fracchia C, Rubini F. Human and financial costs of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients affected by COPD and acute respiratory failure. Chest 1997;111(6):1631-8. 6284872
128. Nava S, Fanfulla F, Frigerio P, Navalesi P. Physiologic evaluation of 4 weeks of nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation in stable hypercapnic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2001;68(6):573-83. 2805820
129. Nava S, Grassi M, Fanfulla F, Domenighetti G, Carlucci A, Perren A, et al. Non-invasive ventilation in elderly patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure: a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing 2011;40(4):444-50. 2805822
130. NCT01869387. Respiratory muscle function in COPD exacerbations [Improvement of respiratory muscle function with noninvasive ventilation in exacerbated COPD patients presenting hypercapnic respiratory failure without acidosis]. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869387 (first received 27 May 2013). [Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT01869387]6284873
131. Oliveira F, Mota L, Santos C, Paula F, Ferreira L, Leitao MC, et al. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) for acute exacerbations (AE) in chronic obstructive insufficiency (CRI). Experience on a general ward. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):27s. 6284875
132. Pankow W, Becker H, Kohler U, Schneider H, Penzel T, Peter JH. Patient-ventilator interaction during noninvasive pressure supported spontaneous respiration in patients with hypercapnic COPD. Pneumologie 2001;55(1):7-12. 6284877
133. Kostikas KT, Karetsi E, Pastaka C, Tsolaki V, Gourgoulianis KI. Non invasive ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbations that require hospital admission [Abstract]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2006:A643 [Poster J44]. 2805721
134. Pastaka C, Kostikas K, Karetsi E, Tsolaki V, Antoniadou I, Gourgoulianis KI. Non-invasive ventilation in chronic hypercapnic COPD patients with exacerbation and a pH of 7.35 or higher. European Journal of Internal Medicine 2007;18(7):524-30. 2805720
135. Peigang Y, Marini JJ. Ventilation of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current Opinion in Critical Care 2002;8(1):70-6. 6284879
136. Perrin C, Vandenbos F, Tamisier R, Lemoigne F, Blaive B. Impact of acute respiratory failure on survival of COPD patients managed with long-term non-invasive ventilation and oxygen therapy [Impact de la décompensation respiratoire aiguë sur la survie des BPCO prises en charge au long cours par ventilation non invasive et oxygénothérapie]. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 2000;17(1):91-7. 6284881
137. Pinheiro BV, Carvalho EV, Oliveira JC, Rocha EM, Carmeiro PS, Holanda MA. Non invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): factors associated with early and late failures. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):27s. 6284883
138. Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. One year period prevalence study of respiratory acidosis in acute exacerbations of COPD: implications for the provision of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen administration. Thorax 2000;55(7):550-4. [MEDLINE: PMID: 10856313; UID: 20316216]6284885
139. Polese G, Vitacca M, Bianchi L, Rossi A, Ambrosino N. Nasal proportional assist ventilation unloads the inspiratory muscles of stable patients with hypercapnia due to COPD. European Respiratory Journal 2000;16(3):491-8. 2805824
140. Pollack CJ, Torres MT, Alexander L. Feasibility study of the use of bilevel positive airway pressure for respiratory support in emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1996;27(2):189-92. [PMID: 8629750]6284887
141. Poponick JM, Renston JP, Bennett RP, Emerman CL. Use of a ventilatory support system (BiPAP) for acute respiratory failure in the emergency department. Chest 1999;116(1):166-71. 6284889
142. Porta R, Ambrosino N. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 2000;55(6):509-10. 6284891
143. Porta R, Appendini L, Vitacca M, Bianchi L, Donner CF, Poggi R, et al. Mask proportional assist vs pressure support ventilation in patients in clinically stable condition with chronic ventilatory failure. Chest 2002;122(2):479-88. 2805826
144. Potena A, Putinati S, Ballerin L, Ritrovato L, Piattella M, Zabini F. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prognostic factors and long term survival. Minerva Pneumologica 2003;42(4):201-10. 6284893
145. Putinati S, Ballerin L, Piattella M, Panella GL, Potena A. Is it possible to predict the success of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to COPD?. Respiratory Medicine 2000;94(10):997-1001. 6284895
146. Rappaport SH, Shpiner R, Yoshihara G, Wright J, Chang P, Abraham E. Randomized, prospective trial of pressure-limited versus volume-controlled ventilation in severe respiratory failure. Critical Care Medicine 1994;22(1):22-32. 2805828
147. Reissmann HK, Ranieri VM, Goldberg P, Gottfried SB. Continuous positive airway pressure facilitates spontaneous breathing in weaning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients by improving breathing pattern and gas exchange. Intensive Care Medicine 2000;26(12):1764-72. 2805830
148. Rizvi N, Mehmood N. Role of Bi-Pap in acute respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD. European Respiratory Society 10th Annual Congress; 2000 Aug 30-Sep 3; Florence. 2000; Vol. Abstract 1794. 6284897
149. Robino C, Faisy C, Diehl JL, Rezgui N, Labrousse J, Guerot E. Effectiveness of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation differs between decompensated chronic restrictive and obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29(4):603-10. 6284899
150. Roessler MS, Schmid DS, Michels P, Schmid O, Jung K, Stober J, et al. Early out-of-hospital non-invasive ventilation is superior to standard medical treatment in patients with acute respiratory failure: a pilot study. Emergency Medicine Journal 2012;29(5):409-14. 2805832
151. Scala R, Bartolucci S, Fabianelli F, Rossi M. Non invasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation (NIV) in acute respiratory failure (ARF): 5 years' experience in a respiratory ward (RW). European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):27s. 6284901
152. Scandroglio M, Piccolo U, Mazzone E, Agrati P, Aspesi M, Gamberoni C, et al. Use and nursing of the helmet in delivering non invasive ventilation. Minerva Anestesiologica 2002;68(5):475-80. 6284903
153. Schonhofer B, Barchfeld T, Wenzel M, Kohler D. Long term effects of non-invasive mechanical ventilation on pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with chronic respiratory failure. Thorax 2001;56(7):524-8. 6284905
154. Seith U. Evaluation of therapeutic results of intermittent positive pressure respiration (author's translation) [Uber die Schwierigkeit, die Behandlungsergebnisse der Inhalation mit intermittierendem Uberdruck (IPPB) zu verifizieren]. Praxis Der Pneumologie Vereinigt Mit Der Tuberkulosearzt 1976;30(8):509-10. 6284907
155. Sellares J, Ferrer M, Bencosme C, Loureiro H, Martinez P, Pajares V, et al. Assessment of two methods to withdraw non-invasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure [Abstract]. Euroepan Respiratory Journal 2012;40:833s [4564]. 2805834
156. Servera E, Perez M, Marin J, Vergara P, Castano R. Noninvasive nasal mask ventilation beyond the ICU for an exacerbation of chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest 1995;108:1572-6. 6284909
157. Servera E, Vergara P, Marin J, Perez M, Castano R, Mora H. Assisted ventilation via nasal mask in patients hospitalized in a pneumology ward for decompensation of their chronic air-flow obstruction [Ventilacion asistida via mascara nasal en pacientes hospitalizados en una sala de neumologia por descompensacion de su obstruccionn cronica al flujo aereo]. Archivos de Bronconeumologia 1995;31(8):399-402. 6284911
158. Shang M, Wang C, Dai H. Changes in respiratory and circulatory function during sequential invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation [I]. Chung-Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2001;24(8):487-9. 6284913
159. Shang D, Dang X-M, Yang L, Han J-F, Sun Z-M, Feng S-F, et al. Treatment of respiratory muscle fatigue in patients with AECOPD by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. [Chinese]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Medical Sciences) 2014;35(6):824-27, 847. 2805739
160. Sidhu US, Behera D. Non invasive ventilation in COPD. Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences 2000;42(2):105-14. 6284915
161. Simonds AK, Elliott MW. Outcome of domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in restrictive and obstructive disorders. Thorax 1995;50:604-9. 6284917
162. Sinuff T, Cook DJ. Health technology assessment in the ICU: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Journal of Critical Care 2003;18(1):59-67. 6284919
163. Soo Hoo GW, Santiago S, Williams AJ. Nasal mechanical ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: determinants of success and failure. Critical Care Medicine 1994;22(8):1253-61. 6284921
164. Summers RL, Patch J, Kolb JC. Effect of the initiation of noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure on haemodynamic stability. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2002;9(1):37-41. 6284923
165. Tarrega J, Anton A, Guell R, Sanchis J. Survival in COPD patients after noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbation. European Respiratory Society 10th Annual Congress; 2000 Aug 30-Sep 3; Florence. 2000; Vol. Abstract 2760. 6284925
166. Teba L, Marks P, Benzo R. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation: the benefits of the BiPAP system. West Virginia Medical Journal 1996;92:18-21. 6284927
167. Thys F, Roeseler J, Delaere S, Palavecino L, El Gariani A, Marion E, et al. Two-level non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the initial treatment of acute respiratory failure in an emergency department. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 1999;6(3):207-14. 6284929
168. Todisco T, Baglioni S, Eslami A. Application of non invasive ventilation in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure: our experience on use of negative pressure ventilation and non invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation. European Respiratory Journal 2001;18(33):29s. 6284931
169. Tsuboi T. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with COPD. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine 1999;57(9):2074-82. 6284933
170. Vanpee D, Delaunois L, Gillet JB. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary patients in the emergency department. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2001;8(1):21-5. 6284935
171. Vanpee D, El Khawand C, Rousseau L, Jamart J, Delaunois L. Effects of nasal pressure support on ventilation and inspiratory work in normocapnic and hypercapnic patients with stable COPD. Chest 2002;122(1):75-83. 6284937
172. Vanpee D, Delaunois L, Lheureux P, Thys F, Sabbe M, Meulemans A, et al. Survey of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in emergency departments in Belgium. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2002;9(3):217-24. 6284939
173. Vanpee D, El Khawand C, Rousseau L, Jamart J, Delaunois L. Does inspiratory behaviour affect the efficiency of non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients?. Respiratory Medicine 2002;96(9):709-15. 6284941
174. Vitacca M, Rubini F, Foglio K, Scalvini S, Nava S, Ambrosino N. Non-invasive modalities of positive pressure ventilation improve the outcome of acute exacerbations in COLD patients [see comments]. Intensive Care Medicine 1993;19(8):450-5. 2805836
175. Vitacca M, Clini E, Pagani M, Bianchi L, Rossi A, Ambrosino N. Physiologic effects of early administered mask proportional assist ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(6):1791-7. 6284943
176. Vitacca M, Nava S, Confalonieri M, Bianchi L, Porta R, Clini E, Ambrosino N. The appropriate setting of noninvasive pressure support ventilation in stable COPD patients. Chest 2000;118(5):1286-93. 2805838
177. Vitacca M, Barbano L, D'Anna S, Porta R, Bianchi L, Ambrosino N. Comparison of five bilevel pressure ventilators in patients with chronic ventilatory failure: a physiologic study. Chest 2002;122(6):2105-14. 2805840
178. Wedzicha JA. Nasal positive pressure ventilation in COPD. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease 1996;51(1):81-2. 6284945
179. Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive ventilation for exacerbations of respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 1996;51(Suppl 2):S35-9. 6284947
180. Wedzicha JA, Muir JF. Noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal 2002;20(3):777-84. 6284949
181. Windisch W, Storre JH, Matthys H, Sorichter S, Virchow JC Jr. Weaning from mechanical ventilation by long-term nasal positive pressure ventilation in two patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with pneumococcal sepsis. Respiration 2002;69(5):464-7. 2805842
182. Windisch W, Vogel M, Sorichter S, Hennings E, Bremer H, Hamm H, et al. Normocapnia during NIPPV in chronic hypercapnic COPD reduces subsequent spontaneous PaCO2. Respiratory Medicine 2002;96(8):572-9. 6284951
183. Wong P, Tee A, Eritaia J, Goldin J, Irving L. NIV during the resolution phase of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to COPD in improving sleep quality and recovery. Respirology 2007;12(Suppl 4):A207. 2805844
184. Wood KA, Lewis L, Von Harz B, Kollef MH. The use of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in the emergency department. Chest 1998;113(5):1339-46. 2805846
185. Wysocki M, Tric L, Wolff MA, Millet H, Herman B. Noninvasive pressure support ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure: a randomized comparison with conventional therapy. Chest 1995;107(3):761-8. 2805848
186. Xue Z, Bai L, Ma Q. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after upper abdominal and thoracic surgery. Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology 2000;03:145-8. 2805850
187. Yang SC, Yang SP. Effects of inspiratory flow waveforms on lung mechanics, gas exchange, and respiratory metabolism in COPD patients during mechanical ventilation. Chest 2002;122(6):2096-104. 6284953
188. Ye Q, Wang C, Tong Z. Proportional assist ventilation: methodology therapeutics on COPD patients compared with pressure support ventilation. Chung-Hua Chieh Ho Ho Hu Hsi Tsa Chih Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2000;23(4):228-31. 6284955
189. Ye Q, Wang C, Tong Z, Huang K, Jiang C, Weng X. Proportional assist ventilation: methodology and therapeutics on COPD patients compared with pressure support ventilation. Chinese Medical Journal 2002;115(2):179-83. 2805852
190. Liao XQ, Li Q, Lin KX. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for early treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a random controlled trial. Acta Academic Medicine Militaris Tertiae 2004;26(8):739-41. 2805714
191. Samaria JK. Comparison of conventional therapy with non-invasive positive ventilation in patients of acute exacerbation of COPD. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2013;187:A1453. 2805854
192. Servillo G, Ughi L, Rossano F, Leone D. Non invasive mask pressure support ventilation in COPD patients. Intensive Care Medicine 1994;20 Suppl:S54. 2805737
193. Duan Y. Observation of non-invasive positive ventilation united inhalation treatment therapeutic effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with type II respiratory failure [Abstract]. Respirology 2011;16:93 [187]. 2805856
194. Ambrosino, N. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure. European Respiratory Journal 1996;9:795-807.
195. Appendini L, Patessio A, Zanaboni S, Carone M, Gukov B, Donner CF, et al. Physiologic effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and mask pressure support during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1994;149(5):1069-76. [PUBMED: 8173743]
196. Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S, Conti G, Mancebo J, Rekik N, et al. Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1994;150:896-903.
197. Chandra D, Stamm JA, Taylor B, Ramos RM, Satterwhite L, Krishnan JA, et al. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States, 1998-2008. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2012;185(2):152-9. [PUBMED: PMC3297087]
198. Coakley JH, Nagendran K, Ormerod IE, Ferguson CN, Hinds CJ. Prolonged neurogenic weakness in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for acute airflow limitation. Chest 1992;101:1413-6.
199. Esteban A, Frutos F, Tobin MJ, Alia I, Solsona JF, Valverdu I, et al. A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. New England Journal of Medicine 1995;332:345-50.
200. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance A, Montravers P, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. American Journal of Medicine 1993;94:281-7.
201. Guerin C, Girard R, Chemorin C, De Varax R, Fournier G. Facial mask noninvasive mechanical ventilation reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. A prospective epidemiological survey from a single ICU. Intensive Care Medicine 1997;23:1024-32.
202. Helliwell TR, Coakley JH, Wagenmakers AJ, Griffiths RD, Campbell IT, Green CJ, et al. Necrotizing myopathy in critically ill patients. Journal of Pathology 1991;164(4):307-14.
203. Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ. Chapter 7: Selecting studies and collecting data. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. London, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
204. Jaun G, Calverley P, Talamo C, Schnader J, Roussos C. Effect of carbon dioxide on diaphragmatic function in human beings. New England Journal of Medicine 1984;310:874-9.
205. Jeffrey AA, Warren PM, Flenley DC. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease: risk factors and use of guidelines for management. Thorax 1992;47(1):34-40.
206. Koenig SM, Truwit JD. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2006;19(4):637-57. [PUBMED: 17041138]
207. Kramer B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients. Annals of Internal Medicine 1999;130:1027-8.
208. Le Bourdelles G, Vires N, Bockzowki SN, Pavolovic D, Aubier M. Effects of mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic contractile properties in rats. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1994;149:1539-44.
209. Macklem PT. Hyperinflation. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1984;129:1-2.
210. Moloney E, Kiely JL, McDonnell T, McNicholas WT. Nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) therapy for chronic respiratory failure: long-term effects. Irish Medical Journal 1999;92(6):401-3.
211. Nourdine K, Combes P, Carton M-J, Beuret P, Cannamela A, Ducreux J-C. Does noninvasive ventilation reduce the ICU nosocomial infection risk? A prospective clinical survey. Intensive Care Medicine 1999;25:567-73.
212. Roberts CM, Stone RA, Buckingham RJ, Pursey NA, Lowe D. Acidosis, non-invasive ventilation and mortality in hospitalised COPD exacerbations. Thorax 2011;66(1):43-8. [PUBMED: 21075776]
213. Shapiro M, Wilson RK, Casar G, Bloom K, Teague RB. Work of breathing through different sized endotracheal tubes. Critical Care Medicine 1986;14:1028-31.
214. Stauffer JL, Silvestri RC. Complications of endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and artificial airways. Respiratory Care 1982;27:417-34.
215. Tobin MJ, Perez W, Guenther SM, Semmes BJ, Madar MJ, Allen SJ, et al. The pattern of breathing during successful and unsuccessful trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1986;134(6):1111-8.
216. Waters B, Muscedere J. A 2015 update on ventilator-associated pneumonia: new insights on its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Current Infectious Disease Reports 2015;17(8):496. [PUBMED: 26115700]
217. Ram FSF, Picot J, Lightowler J, Wedzicha JA. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for treatment of respiratory failure due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004104.pub3]