Statin therapy reduces future risk of lower-limb amputation in patients with diabetes and peripheral artery disease

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 102, Issue 7, 2017, Pages 2373-2381

  Hsu, Chien Yi ^a,b,c   Chen, Yung Tai ^a,d   Su, Yu Wen ^a,e   Chang, Chun Chin ^a,e   Huang, Po Hsun ^a,e   Lin, Shing Jong ^a,b,e  

^a NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b TAIPEI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c TAIPEI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^d TAIPEI CITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^e TAIPEI VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; AMPUTATION; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMORBIDITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HOSPITAL MORTALITY; HUMAN; LEG FRACTURE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; TAIWAN; AGED; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; FACTUAL DATABASE; FOLLOW UP; INCIDENCE; LOWER LIMB; MIDDLE AGED; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE; PROPENSITY SCORE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SURGERY; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS;

AGED; AMPUTATION; COHORT STUDIES; COMORBIDITY; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; INCIDENCE; LOWER EXTREMITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE; PROPENSITY SCORE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; TAIWAN;

EID: 85023189437     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 19457197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3717     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Chen L, Magliano DJ, Zimmet PZ. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus-present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;8(4):228-236.
2. Mazzone T, Chait A, Plutzky J. Cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from mechanistic studies. Lancet. 2008; 371(9626):1800-1809.
3. Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(5):921-929.
4. Virkkunen J, Heikkinen M, Lepäntalo M, Metsänoja R, Salenius JP; Finnvasc Study Group. Diabetes as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications in critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(4):761-767.
5. Faglia E, Clerici G, Mantero M, Caminiti M, Quarantiello A, Curci V, Morabito A. Incidence of critical limb ischemia and amputation outcome in contralateral limb in diabetic patients hospitalized for unilateral critical limb ischemia during 1999-2003 and followedup until 2005. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;77(3):445-450.
6. Dick F, Diehm N, Galimanis A, Husmann M, Schmidli J, Baumgartner I. Surgical or endovascular revascularization in patients with critical limb ischemia: influence of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(4):751-761.
7. Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Guyton RA, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK. Management of patients with peripheral artery disease (compilation of 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline recommendations): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013; 127(13):1425-1443.
8. Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, Sidawy AN, Beckman JA, Findeiss LK, Golzarian J, Gornik HL, Halperin JL, Jaff MR, Moneta GL, Olin JW, Stanley JC, White CJ, White JV, Zierler RE; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Interventional Radiology; Society for Vascular Medicine; Society for Vascular Surgery. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (updating the 2005 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JAmColl Cardiol. 2011;58(19): 2020-2045.
9. Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink ML, Baumgartner I, Clément D, Collet JP, Cremonesi A, De Carlo M, Erbel R, Fowkes FG, Heras M, Kownator S, Minar E, Ostergren J, Poldermans D, Riambau V, Roffi M, Röther J, Sievert H, van Sambeek M, Zeller T; European Stroke Organisation; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2011;32(22):2851-2906.
10. Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Blum CB, Eckel RH, Goldberg AC, Gordon D, Levy D, Lloyd-Jones DM, McBride P, Schwartz JS, Shero ST, Smith SC Jr, Watson K, Wilson PW; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(25 Pt B):2889-2934.
11. Mohler III ER, Hiatt WR, Creager MA. Cholesterol reduction with atorvastatin improves walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 2003;108(12):1481-1486.
12. Mondillo S, Ballo P, Barbati R, Guerrini F, Ammaturo T, Agricola E, Pastore M, Borrello F, BelcastroM, Picchi A, Nami R. Effects of simvastatin on walking performance and symptoms of intermittent claudication in hypercholesterolemic patients with peripheral vascular disease. Am J Med. 2003;114(5):359-364.
13. Aronow WS, Nayak D, Woodworth S, Ahn C. Effect of simvastatin versus placebo on treadmill exercise time until the onset of intermittent claudication in older patients with peripheral arterial disease at six months and at one year after treatment. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(6):711-712.
14. Feringa HH, Karagiannis SE, van Waning VH, Boersma E, Schouten O, Bax JJ, Poldermans D. The effect of intensified lipidlowering therapy on long-term prognosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(5):936-943.
15. Westin GG, Armstrong EJ, Bang H, Yeo KK, Anderson D, Dawson DL, Pevec WC, Amsterdam EA, Laird JR. Association between statin medications and mortality, major adverse cardiovascular event, and amputation-free survival in patients with critical limb ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(7):682-690.
16. Morbach S, Furchert H, Gröblinghoff U, Hoffmeier H, Kersten K, Klauke GT, Klemp U, Roden T, Icks A, Haastert B, Rümenapf G, Abbas ZG, Bharara M, Armstrong DG. Long-term prognosis of diabetic foot patients and their limbs: amputation and death over the course of a decade. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(10):2021-2027.
17. Moulik PK, Mtonga R, Gill GV. Amputation and mortality in newonset diabetic foot ulcers stratified by etiology. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(2):491-494.
18. Ou SM, Shih CJ, Chao PW, Chu H, Kuo SC, Lee YJ, Wang SJ, Yang CY, Lin CC, Chen TJ, Tarng DC, Li SY, Chen YT. Effects on clinical outcomes of adding dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(9):663-672.
19. Shih CJ, Ou SM, Chao PW, Kuo SC, Lee YJ, Yang CY, Tarng DC, Lin CC, Huang PH, Li SY, Chen YT. Risks of death and stroke in patients undergoing hemodialysis with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a competing-risk analysis of a nationwide cohort. Circulation. 2016;133(3):265-272.
20. Ou SM, Chu H, Chao PW, Lee YJ, Kuo SC, Chen TJ, Tseng CM, Shih CJ, Chen YT. Long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in sepsis survivors. A nationwide populationbased study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194(2):209-217.
21. Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, Sleigh P, Peto R; Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 361(9374):2005-2016.
22. Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, Peto R, Armitage J, Baigent C; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a metaanalysis. Lancet. 2008;371(9607):117-125.
23. Kumbhani DJ, Steg PG, Cannon CP, Eagle KA, Smith SC Jr, Goto S, Ohman EM, Elbez Y, Sritara P, Baumgartner I, Banerjee S, Creager MA, Bhatt DL; REACH Registry Investigators. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(41):2864-2872.
24. SohnMW,Meadows JL, Oh EH, Budiman-Mak E, Lee TA, StoneNJ, Pearce WB. Statin use and lower extremity amputation risk in nonelderly diabetic patients. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(6):1578-1585. e1.
25. Yang TL, Lin LY, Huang CC, Huang PH, Lin SJ, Chen JW, Chan WL, Leu HB. Association of statin use and reduced risk of lowerextremity amputation among patients with eiabetes: a nationwide population-based cohort observation. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(4): e54-e55.
26. Fleiner M, Kummer M, Mirlacher M, Sauter G, Cathomas G, Krapf R, Biedermann BC. Arterial neovascularization and inflammation in vulnerable patients: early and late signs of symptomatic atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;110(18):2843-2850.
27. Carter A, Murphy MO, Turner NJ, Halka AT, Ghosh J, Serracino-Inglott F, Walker MG, Syed F. Intimal neovascularisation is a prominent feature of atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients with critical limb ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33(3): 319-324.
28. Tousoulis D, Psarros C, Demosthenous M, Patel R, Antoniades C, Stefanadis C. Innate and adaptive inflammation as a therapeutic target in vascular disease: the emerging role of statins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(23):2491-2502.
29. Mason RP, Walter MF, Jacob RF. Effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on endothelial function: role of microdomains and oxidative stress. Circulation. 2004; 109(21, Suppl 1)II34-II41.
30. Sahebkar A, Ponziani MC, Goitre I, Bo S. Does statin therapy reduce plasma VEGF levels in humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2015; 64(11):1466-1476.