The New Silk Road diplomacy: China's Central Asian foreign policy since the Cold War

The New Silk Road Diplomacy: China's Central Asian Foreign Policy since the Cold War

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 1-252

  Karrar, Hasan H ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85023175066     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (442)

1. Ajami, Fouad. The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice since 1967, rev. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
2. Akaev, Askar. "Akayev on Relations with EU, China," Le Soir, June 1, 1994. In FBIS-SOV-94-106.
3. Akaev, Askar. "President of Kyrgyzstan on CIS," Interfax, January 15, 1993. In FBIS-SOV-93-012.
4. Allison, Roy, and Lena Jonson, eds. Central Asian Security: The New International Context. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2001.
5. Allworth, Edward, ed. Central Asia: 130 Years of Russian Dominance - A Historical Overview, 3rd ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999.
6. Allworth, Edward, ed. The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present - A Cultural History. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1990.
7. Amnesty International. "AI Report 1997: China." http://www.amnesty.org/ailib/aireport/ ar97/ASA17.htm (viewed October 10, 2005).
8. Amnesty International. "Gross Violation of Human Rights in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region," 1 April, 1999. http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/ENGASA170181999 (viewed October 22, 2005).
9. Amnesty International. "Uzbekistan: Lifting the Siege on the Truth about Uzbekistan," 20 September 2005. http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR620212005 (viewed March 5, 2007).
10. Anderson, Ewan W. "NATO Expansion and Implications for Southern Tier Stability." In Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, ed. Gary K. Bertsch, Cassady Craft, Scott A. Jones, and Michael Beck, 129-39. New York: Routledge, 2000.
11. Andrews-Speed, Philip. Energy Policy and Regulation in the People's Republic of China. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2000.
12. Aras, Bülent, and George Foster. "Turkey: Looking for Light at the End of the Caspian Pipeline." In Oil and Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Region, ed. Michael P. Croissant and Bülent Aras, 229-48. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999.
13. Asad, Talal. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.
14. Bachman, David. "Making Xinjiang Safe for the Han? Contradictions and Ironies of Chinese Governance in China's Northwest." In Rossabi, Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers, 155-85.
15. Barfield, Thomas J. The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China, 221 BC to AD 1757. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1992.
16. Barnds, William J. "China's Relations with Pakistan: Durability amidst Discontinuity," China Quarterly 63 (September 1975): 463-89.
17. Barnes, Joe. "US National Interests: Getting beyond the Hype." In Energy in the Caspian Region: Present and Future, ed. Yelena Kalyuzhnova, Amy Myers Jaffe, Dov Lynch, and Robin C. Sickles, 212-33. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
18. Barnett, A. Doak. China's Far West: Four Decades of Change. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993.
19. Bartke, Wolfgang. Oil in the People's Republic of China: Industry Structure, Production, Export. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1977.
20. Becker, Abraham S. Russia and Caspian Oil: Russia Loses Control. Washington, DC: RAND Corporation, 1998.
21. Bello, David. "Opium in Xinjiang and Beyond." In Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839-1952, ed. Timothy Brook and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi, 127-51. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000.
22. Belokrenitsky, Vyacheslav Ya. "Ginizis i osnoviye kharakteristiki regiona" [Genesis and Characteristics of the Region]. In Tsentral'naya Aziya: Puti v mirovoe soobshchestvo [Central Asia: Means of Integrating into the World Community], ed. V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, 9-39. Moscow: Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, 1995.
23. Belokrenitsky, Vyacheslav Ya. "Russia and Greater Central Asia," Asian Survey 34, 12 (1994): 1093-1108.
24. Benson, Linda, and Ingvar Svanberg. China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1994.
25. Beyrer, C. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Rates and Heroin Trafficking: Fearful Symmetries," Bulletin on Narcotics 54, 1 and 2 (2002). http://www.unodc. org/pdf/bulletin/bulletin_2002_01_01_Art8.pdf (viewed January 5, 2006).
26. "Bishkek Statement." Beijing Review, September 13, 1999.
27. Black, J.L., ed. Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual 1992. Vol. 2, CIS and Successor States. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1994.
28. Black, J.L., ed. Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual 1993. Vol. 2, Central Eurasian States. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1995.
29. Black, J.L., ed. Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual 1994. Vol. 2, Central Eurasian States. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1995.
30. Black, J.L., ed. Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual 1995. Vol. 2, Central Eurasian States. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1996.
31. Blank, Stephen. "Military Capabilities of the People's Republic of China: Testimony of Professor Stephen J. Blank of the Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College," House Armed Services Committee, July 19, 2000. http://www.globalsecurity.org/ military/library/congress/2000_hr/00-07-19blank.html (viewed December 6, 2005).
32. Blank, Stephen. "Russia and China in Central Asia." In Blank and Rubinstein, Imperial Decline, 65-98.
33. Blank, Stephen. "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Is It Undermining US Interests in Central Asia," Commission in Security and Cooperation in Europe, Washington, DC, September 26, 2006. http://www.csce.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ContentRecords. ViewDetail&ContentRecord_id=381&ContentType=H&CFID=26288712&CFTOK EN=51864399 (viewed February 18, 2007).
34. Blank, Stephen. "The United States and Central Asia." In Allison and Jonson, Central Asian Security, 127-51.
35. Blank, Stephen, and Alvin Z. Rubinstein, eds. Imperial Decline: Russia's Changing Role in Asia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.
36. Bovingdon, Gardner. "Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han Nationalist Imperatives and Uyghur Discontent," Policy Studies 11. Washington, DC: East-West Centre Washington, 2004.
37. Bovingdon, Gardner. "Heteronomy and Its Discontents: "Minzu Regional Autonomy in Xinjiang." In Rossabi, Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers, 117-54.
38. Bregel, Yuri. An Historical Atlas of Central Asia. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
39. British Petroleum. Statistical Review of World Energy 2005. http://www.bp.com/downloads. do?categoryId=9003093&contentId=7005944 (viewed October 27, 2005).
40. Brose, Robert M. "US Perceptions of China: Has September 11 Changed American Interests or Policy towards the People's Republic of China?" in Wang, Yu, and Gao, 9.11 yu Zhongguo, 52-79.
41. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives. New York: Basic Books, 1997.
42. Burles, Mark. Chinese Foreign Policy towards Russia and the Central Asian Republics. Washington, DC: RAND Corporation, 1999.
43. Bush, George W. "Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People," United States Capitol, Washington, DC, September 20, 2001. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/ releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html (viewed November 27, 2005).
44. Calabrese, John. "China and the Persian Gulf: Energy and Security," Middle East Journal 52, 3 (Summer 1998): 351-66.
45. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook: Tajikistan. http://www.cia.gov/cia/ publications/factbook/print/ti.html (viewed February 14, 2005).
46. Chang, Felix K. "China's Central Asian Power and Problems," Orbis 41 (Summer 1997): 401-25.
47. "Charter of Shanghai Cooperation Organization," St. Petersburg, June 7, 2002. Shanghai Cooperation Organization Website. http://www.sectsco.org/news_detail.asp?id= 96&LanguageID=2 (viewed December 4, 2005).
48. Chen Lianbi. "Sange 'jiduan zhuyi' yu Zhongya anquan" [The Three Extremisms and Central Asian Security], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 5 (2002): 56-62.
49. Chen Lianbi. "Zhongya wuguo minzu wenti" [The Problems of Ethnicity in the Five Central Asian States], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 3 (2001): 42-47.
50. "China, Russia Joint Declaration, September 3, 1994: To Stop Targeting Each Other with Missiles," Moscow. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/statement-940903-nuclear. html (viewed March 20, 2005).
51. "China-Russia Joint Statement on 21st Century World Order," Moscow, July 1, 2005. http:// www.politicalaffairs.net/article/view/1455/1/108/ (viewed February 17, 2007).
52. Chinese Communist Party. "Central Committee Document No. 7: Record of the Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party Concerning the Maintenance of Stability in Xinjiang." March 19, 1996. http://www. ibiblio.org/mongol-tibet/archive/topsecret.html (viewed September 25, 2005).
53. Christoffersen, Gaye. "Xinjiang and the Great Islamic Circle: The Impact of Transnational Forces on Chinese Regional Economic Planning," China Quarterly 133 (1993): 130-51.
54. Clubb, O. Edmund. China and Russia: The "Great Game." New York: Columbia University Press, 1971.
55. Cohen, Ariel. "The Dragon Looks West: China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Testimony before the US-China Commission, Washington, DC, August 3-4. http:// www.uscc.gov/hearings/2006hearings/written_testimonies/06_08_3_4wrts/06_08_3_4_ cohen_ariel_statement.php (viewed February 17, 2007).
56. Cohen, Ariel. "Hizb ut-Tahrir: An Emerging Threat to US Interests in Central Asia," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #1656, May 30, 2003. http://www.heritage.org/Research/ RussiaandEurasia/BG1656.cfm (viewed January 25, 2006).
57. Cohen, Ariel. "US Interests in Central Asia," Testimony before the Subcommittee of Asia and the Pacific/House International Relations Committee - the United States House of Representatives, March 17, 1999. http://www.heritage.org/Rsearch/AsiaandthePacific/ Test031799.cfm (viewed November 9, 2005).
58. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States," Minsk, Belarus, December 9, 1991. http:// www. therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CISagreement.html (viewed February 7, 2005).
59. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Agreements Signed by CIS Member States at Summit, Kiev, 20 March 1992: Declaration on the Non-Use of Force in Relations between CIS Member States." In Black, Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual, 1992: CIS and Successor States, Vol. 2, 63-64.
60. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Agreements Signed by CIS Member States at Summit, Minsk, 14-15 February: Agreement among the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the Status of the Strategic Forces." In Black, Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual, 1992: CIS and Successor States, vol. 2, 20-24.
61. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Agreements Signed by CIS Member States at Summit, Minsk, 14-15 February: Declaration on the Observation of the Principles of Cooperation within the Framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States." In Black, Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual, 1992: CIS and Successor States, vol. 2, 20.
62. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Charter of the Commonwealth of Independent States," Minsk, Belarus, January 22, 1993. http://www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CIScharter.html (viewed February 7, 2005).
63. Commonwealth of Independent States. "Protocol to the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on December 8, 1991 at the city of Minsk, by the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation (RSFSR) and Ukraine," Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, December 21, 1991. http:// www.therussiasite.org/legal/laws/CISagreement.html (viewed February 7, 2005).
64. Council on Foreign Relations. "East Turkestan Islamic Movement." Updated November 2005. http://www.cfr.org/publication/9179/east_turkestan_islamic_movement_china_ separatists.html?breadcrumb=default (viewed 3 January, 2006).
65. Council on Foreign Relations. "US Military Bases in Central Asia," July 26, 2005. http://www.cfr.org/publications/8440. asia.html (viewed December 1, 2005).
66. Crossley, Pamela Kyle. A Translucent Mirror: History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1999.
67. Cumings, Bruce. Parallax Visions: Making Sense of American-East Asian Relations. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.
68. Dai, Shen-Yu. "China and Afghanistan," China Quarterly 25 (January-March 1966): 213-21.
69. Dawisha, Karen, and Bruce Parrott. Russia and the New States of Eurasia: The Politics of Upheaval. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
70. "Declaration by the Heads of the Member-States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Astana, July 5, 2005. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2005/20050705_ sco_07.html (viewed February 22, 2006).
71. "Declaration by the Heads of the Member-States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," St. Petersburg, June 7, 2002. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/sco_ 20020610_4.html (viewed December 9, 2005).
72. "Declaration of the Heads of States Participating in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Moscow, May 30, 2003. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/20030530_sco_ decl.html (viewed January 3, 2006).
73. "Declaration on the Creation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," June 15, 2001. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/sco_1_20010620.html (viewed November 21, 2005).
74. Dillon, Michael. Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
75. Dittmer, Lowell. "China and Russia: New Beginnings." In China and the World: Chinese Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era, ed. Samuel S. Kim, 94-112. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.
76. Dittmer, Lowell. Sino-Soviet Normalization and Its International Implications, 1945-1990. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1992.
77. Dobell, W.M. "Ramifications of the China-Pakistan Border Treaty," Pacific Affairs 37, 3 (1964): 283-95.
78. "Dokad soveta regionalnoy antiterroristicheskoy struktury Shankhayskoy organizatsii sotrudnichestva Sovetu glab gosudapstv - chlenov Shankhayskoy organizatsii sotrudnichestva o deyatel'nocti regional'noy antyteterroristicheskoy struktury v 2004 godu" [Report on the Activities of the Regional Antiterrorism Centre of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2004], Astana, June 5, 2005. http://russia.shaps.hawaii. edu/fp/russia/2005/20050705_sco_06.html (viewed February 24, 2006).
79. Dong Fangxiao. Yisilan yu lengzhan hou de shijie [Islam and the Post-Cold War World]. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 1999.
80. Dorian, James P., Brett H. Wigdortz, and Dru C. Gladney. "China and Central Asia's Volatile Mix: Energy, Trade, and Ethnic Relations," Analysis from the East-West Centre 31 (May 1997). http://www.eastwestcentre.org/res-rp-publicationdetails.asp?pub_ID=30& SearchString= (viewed November 9, 2005).
81. Downs, Erica Strecker. China's Quest for Energy Security. RAND Corporation, 2000. http:// www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1244/ (viewed November 7, 2005).
82. Dreyer, June Teufel. "Go West Young Han: The Hsia Fang Movement to China's Minority Areas," Pacific Affairs 48, 3 (1975): 353-69.
83. Dreyer, June Teufel. "The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at Thirty: A Report Card," Asian Survey 26, 7 (1986): 721-44.
84. Dumbaugh, Kerry. "China-US Relations: Current Issues and Implications for US Policy," CRS Report for Congress RL32804, updated July 8, 2005. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/ row/RL32804.pdf (viewed December 21, 2005).
85. Dupont, Alan. "Transnational Crime, Drugs, and Security in East Asia," Asian Survey 39, 3 (1999): 433-55.
86. Dupree, Louis. Afghanistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1997 [1973, Princeton University Press].
87. "Dushanbe Statement of the Heads of the State of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan." July 5, 2000. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/dushanbe_20000705.html (viewed November 14, 2005).
88. Dwyer, Arienne M. "The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse," Policy Studies 16. Washington, DC: East-West Centre Washington, 2005.
89. Ebel, Robert, and Rajan Menon, eds. Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000.
90. Ebel, Robert, and Rajan Menon, eds. "Introduction: Energy, Conflict, and Development in the Caspian Sea Region." In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 1-20.
91. Elliot, Mark C. The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
92. Energy Information Administration. "Caspian Sea Regional Analysis Brief," September 2005. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/Caspian/Full.html (viewed October 27, 2005).
93. Fairbank, John King, ed. The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 10, part 1, Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
94. Fairbank, John King, ed. "A Preliminary Framework." In The Chinese World Order: Traditional Chinese Foreign Relations, ed. John King Fairbank, 1-19. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.
95. Fang Ning. Xin diguo zhuyi shidai yu Zhongguo zhanlue [The Era of New Imperialism and China's Strategy]. Beijing: Beijing chubanshe, 2003.
96. Farquhar, David M. "Emperor as Bodhisattva in the Governance of the Ch'ing Empire," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 38, 1 (1978): 5-34.
97. Feng Shaolei. "Chinese-Russian Strategic Relations: The Central Asian Angle." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics, 203-16.
98. Feng Shaolei. "Meiyou zhongjie de 'zhongjie' - '9.11' hou zhong, mei, e, guanxi bianhua de xianzhuang, dongyin, tedian qianjing" [No End to "The End": Features of, and Prospects for, Change in Relations between China, the United States, and Russia Post-9.11], in Wang, Yu, and Gao, 9.11 yu Zhongguo, 3-20.
99. Fierman, William, ed. Soviet Central Asia: The Failed Transformation. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1991.
100. Fierman, William, ed. "The Soviet 'Transformation' of Central Asia." In Fierman, Soviet Central Asia, 11-35.
101. Fleming, Peter. News from Tartary: A Journey from Peking to Kashmir. London: Jonathan Cape, 1936.
102. Fletcher, Joseph. "China and Central Asia, 1368-1884." In The Chinese World Order: Traditional Chinese Foreign Relations, ed. John King Fairbank, 206-24. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.
103. Fletcher, Joseph. "Ch'ing Inner Asia c. 1800." In Fairbank, Cambridge History, 35-106.
104. Fletcher, Joseph. "The Heyday of the Ch'ing Order in Mongolia, Sinkiang and Tibet." In Fairbank, Cambridge History, 351-408.
105. Fletcher, Joseph. "Sino-Russian Relations, 1800-62." In Fairbank, Cambridge History, 318-52.
106. Forbes, Andrew D.W. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang, 1911-1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
107. "Full Text of Declaration on Fifth Anniversary of SCO," Shanghai, June 15, 2006. http:// english.peopledaily.com.cn/200606/15/print20060615_274365.html (viewed February 16, 2007).
108. "Full Text of Join Communiqué of 2006 SCO Summit," Shanghai, June 15, 2006. http:// russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/ifetch?data1+40707156349656+F (viewed February 16, 2007).
109. Fuller, Graham E., and Jonathan Lipman. "Islam in Xinjiang." In Starr, Xinjiang, 320-52.
110. Gammer, Moshe. "Post-Soviet Central Asia and Post-Colonial Francophone Africa: Some Associations," Middle Eastern Studies 36, 2 (2000): 124-49.
111. Gao Jiuyong. Xiyu gudai minzu zongjiao zonglun [A Study of the Ancient People and Religion of the Western Regions]. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe, 1997.
112. Garnet, Sherman, "The Russian Far East as a Factor in Chinese-Russian Relations," SAIS Review (Summer-Fall 1996): 1-17.
113. Garver, John W. China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-Imperialist World. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006.
114. Garver, John W. "The Sino-Soviet Territorial Dispute in the Pamir Mountain Region," China Quarterly 85 (1981): 107-18.
115. Gelber, Harry G. "Strategic Arms Limitations and the Sino-Soviet Relationship," Asian Survey 10, 4 (1970): 265-89.
116. Geng Shimen. Xinjiang wenshi lunji [Collection of Papers on Language, Literature, and History of Xinjiang]. Beijing: Zhongguo minzu daxue chubanshe, 2001.
117. George, Paul. "Islamic Unrest in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region," Commentary 73, Canadian Security Intelligence Service Publication, Spring 1998. http://www.csisscrs. gc.ca/eng/comment/com73e.html (viewed September 26, 2005).
118. Gerges, Fawaz A. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
119. Gladney, Dru C. "China's 'Uyghur Problem' and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," US-China Economic and Security Review Commission Hearing, Washington, DC, August 3, 2006. http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2006hearings/written_testimonies/06_ 08_3_4wrts/06_08_3_4_gladney_dru_statement.php (viewed February 18, 2007).
120. Gladney, Dru C. "China's Xinjiang Problem," Presentation at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, June 5, 2003. http://www.csis.org/media/csis/events/ 030605gladney.pdf (viewed March 4, 2006).
121. Gladney, Dru C. Dislocating China: Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
122. Gladney, Dru C. "The Ethnogenesis of the Uighur," Central Asian Survey 9, 1 (1990): 1-28.
123. Gladney, Dru C. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1996.
124. Gladney, Dru C. "Responses to Chinese Rule: Patterns of Cooperation and Opposition." In Starr, Xinjiang, 375-96.
125. Gleason, Gregory. The Central Asian States: Discovering Independence. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.
126. Gleason, Gregory. "Inter-State Cooperation in Central Asia from the CIS to the Shanghai Forum," Europe- Asia Studies 53, 7 (2001): 1077-1095.
127. Gleason, Gregory. "Policy Dimensions of the West Asian Borders after the Shanghai Accord," Asian Perspectives 25, 1 (2001): 107-31.
128. Goldstein, Melvyn C. The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tiber, and the Dalai Lama. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.
129. Goldstein, Melvyn C. "Tibet and China in the Twentieth Century." In Rossabi, Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers, 186-229.
130. Goodhand, Jonathan. "From Holy War to Opium War? A Case Study of the Opium Economy in North Eastern Afghanistan," Central Asian Survey 19, 2 (2000): 265-80.
131. Guo Wen. "'Dong tu' zuzhi: Ji ben qingkuang, tedian, dongxiang" ["East Turkestan" Organizations: State of Affairs, Characteristics, and Direction]. In Pan, Zhongnanya, 299-317.
132. Haider, Ziad. "Sino-Pakistan Relations and Xinjiang's Uighurs: Politics, Trade, and Islam along the Karakoram Highway" Asian Survey 45, 4 (2005): 522-45.
133. Halper, Stefan, and Jonathan Clarke. America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
134. Hanks, Reuel. "Civil Society and Identity in Uzbekistan: The Emergent Role of Islam." In Ruffin and Waugh, Civil Society in Central Asia, 158-79.
135. Harada, Chikahito. Russia and North-East Asia. London: Oxford University Press, Adelphi Paper 310, 1997.
136. Harris, Lillian Craig. "Xinjiang, Central Asia and the Implications for China's Policy in the Islamic World," China Quarterly 133 (1993): 111-29.
137. Harrison, Selig S. China, Oil, and Asia: Conflict Ahead? New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.
138. Hevia, James L. Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995.
139. Hevia, James L. English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteenth-Century China. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003.
140. Hilali, A.Z. "China's Response to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan," Central Asian Survey 20, 3 (2001): 323-51.
141. "History of the Development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Shanghai Cooperation Organization Website (Publication Date Unavailable). http://www. sectsco.org/html/00035.html (viewed November 21, 2005).
142. Holmes, Leslie. "Afghanistan and Sino-Soviet Relations." In The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan, ed. Amin Saikal and William Maley, 122-41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
143. Hopkirk, Peter. The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1994 [1990, John Murray].
144. Horsman, Stuart. "Uzbekistan's Involvement in the Tajik Civil War, 1992-97: Domestic Considerations," Central Asian Survey 18, 1 (1999): 37-48.
145. Hostetler, Laura. Qing Colonial Enterprise: Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
146. Hsu, Immanuel C.Y. "The Great Policy Debate in China, 1874: Maritime Defense vs. Frontier Defense," Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 25 (1964-65): 212-28.
147. Hsu, Immanuel C.Y. "Late Ch'ing Foreign Relations, 1866-1905." In The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 11, part 2, Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, ed. John K. Fairbank and Kwang-Ching Liu, 70-141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
148. Human Rights Watch. "World Report 2001: Uzbekistan," http://www.hrw.org/wr2k1/ europe/uzbekistan.html (viewed January 26, 2006).
149. Humphrey, Caroline, and David Sneath. The End of Nomadism? Society, State and the Environment in Inner Asia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991.
150. Hunter, Shireen T. Central Asia since Independence. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1996.
151. Hunter, Shireen T. "Religion, Politics, and Security in Central Asia," SAIS Review 21, 2 (2001): 65-90.
152. Hyman, Anthony. "Moving out of Moscow's Orbit: The Outlook for Central Asia," International Affairs 69, 2 (1993): 288-304.
153. Information Office of the State Council, PRC. "'East Turkestan' Terrorist Forces Cannot Get away with Impunity," January 21, 2002. http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/other/ archive.html (viewed September 26, 2005).
154. Information Office of the State Council, PRC. "Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities in China," February 2005. http://www.china. org.cn/e-white/20050301/ (viewed February 12, 2006).
155. Information Office of the State Council, PRC. "White Paper on History and Development of the Xinjiang," May 26, 2003. http://english. people.com.cn/200305/26/eng20030526_117240.shtml (viewed January 15, 2006).
156. International Research and Exchanges Board. "The Dynamics of Economic Development in the Central Asian Region," Conference Report, August 28-30, 1994, Urumchi, Xinjiang, China. http://www.irex.org/pubs/policy/urumqi.asp (viewed February 16, 2005).
157. Iredale, Robyn, Naran Bilik, and Fei Guo, eds. China's Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2003.
158. Jackson, Nicole J. Russian Foreign Policy and the CIS: Theories, Debates and Actions. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
159. Jaschok, Maria, and Shui Jingjun. The History of Women's Mosques in Chinese Islam: A Mosque of Their Own. Richmond: Curzon, 2000.
160. Jia, Qingguo. "The Success of the Shanghai Five: Interests, Norms and Pragmatism," 2001. http://www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/pacific2001/jiafinal.htm (viewed November 11, 2005).
161. "Joint Communiqué Issued at Conclusion of Extraordinary Meetings of the Council of Foreign Ministers of Members States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Tashkent," September 5, 2003. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/20030905_sco_ fm_jc.html (viewed January 3, 2006).
162. "Joint Communiqué of the Council of the Government Heads (Prime Ministers) of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," September 23, 2004. http://russia.shaps.hawaii. edu/fp/russia/2004/20040923_sco_jc.html (viewed February 9, 2007).
163. "Joint Communiqué of the Ministers of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan," May 17, 2005. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/sco_ dm_20020514.html (viewed December 4, 2005).
164. "Joint Communiqué of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan," April 28, 2001. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/rmfa_ jc20010428.html (viewed November 14, 2005).
165. "Joint Statement by the Heads of State of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan," June 15, 2001 (viewed November 22, 2005).
166. "Joint Statement by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Beijing, January 7, 2002. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/ fp/russia/sco_3_20020107.html (viewed November 28, 2005).
167. "Joint Statement by the Presidents of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on Anti-Missile Defense," July 18, 2000. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/ russia/r_c_jc_20000718.html (viewed November 14, 2005).
168. "Joint Statement of Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan on the Almaty Meeting, July 3, 1998." Xinhua, July 3, 1998. In FBIS-CHI-98-184.
169. "Joint Statement on the Results of Chinese-Russian High-Level Meeting, November 23, 1998." http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/statement-981123.html (viewed November 14, 2005).
170. Jones, Scott A. "Turkish Strategic Interests in the Transcaucasus." In Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, ed. Gary K. Bertsch, Cassady Craft, Scott A. Jones, and Michael Beck, 55-65. New York: Routledge, 2000.
171. Jonson, Lena. "Russia and Central Asia." In Allison and Jonson, Central Asian Security, 95-126.
172. Kakar, Hassan M. Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997.
173. Kaldor, Mary. New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001 [1999, Polity Press].
174. Kan, Shirley. "US-China Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Issues for US Policy," CRS Report for Congress RS21995, updated May 12, 2005. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/ RS21995.pdf (viewed December 8, 2005).
175. Kang Wu. "China's Energy Interests and Quest for Energy Security." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics, 123-44.
176. Karimov, Islam. "Speech on Uzbekistan and Russia," Moscow Mayak Radio Network, January 26, 1994. In FBIS-SOV-94-017.
177. Karl, Terry Lynn. "Crude Calculations: OPEC Lessons for the Caspian Region." In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 29-54.
178. Katzman, Kenneth. "Iran: Current Developments and US Policy," Congressional Research Service, IB93033, updated July 23, 2003. http://www.fas.org/man/crs/IB93033.pdf (viewed February 7, 2006).
179. Keller, Shoshana. To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign against Islam in Central Asia, 1917-1841. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001.
180. Kemp, Geoffrey. "US-Iranian Relations: Competition or Cooperation in the Caspian Sea Basin." In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 145-62.
181. Kim, Hodong. Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
182. Kirsch, Marian P. "Soviet Security Objectives in Asia," International Organization 25, 3 (1970): 451-78.
183. Konarovsky, Mikhail A. "Central Asia and the War against Terrorism." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil and Geopolitics, 13-28.
184. "Kontseptsiya sotrudnichestva gosudarstv - chlenob Shankhayskoy organizatsii sotrudnichestva v bor'be s terrorizmom, separatyzmom i ekstremizmom" [Concept of Cooperation of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation organization in the Struggle with Terrorism, Separatism, and Extremism], Astana, July 5, 2005. http://russia. shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2005/20050705_sco_03.html (viewed February 24, 2006).
185. Kortunov, Andrei, and Andrei Shoumikhin. "Russia and Central Asia: Evolution of Mutual Perceptions, Policies, and Interdependence." In Zhang and Azizian, Ethnic Challenges, 11-31.
186. Kudava, Mamuka, and Cassady Craft. "Developing Nonproliferation Export Controls in Georgia in the Context of the Emerging Eurasian Transportation Corridor." In Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, ed. Gary K. Bertsch, Cassady Craft, Scott A. Jones, and Michael Beck, 207-25. New York: Routledge, 2000.
187. Lampton, David M., ed. The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, 1978-2000. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
188. Lampton, David M., ed.. Same Bed Different Dreams: Managing US-China Relations, 1989-2000. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001.
189. Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
190. Lattimore, Eleanor Holgate. Turkestan Reunion. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1994. [1934, John Day Company].
191. Lattimore, Owen. "Chinese Turkestan." In Lattimore, Studies, 183-200. First published in Open Court 47, 921 (1933).
192. Lattimore, Owen. "The Chinese as a Dominant Race." In Lattimore, Studies, 200-217. First published in Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society 15, 3 (1928); and Asia (June 1928).
193. Lattimore, Owen. The Desert Road to Turkestan. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1995 [1929, Little, Brown].
194. Lattimore, Owen. High Tartary. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1994 [1930, Little, Brown].
195. Lattimore, Owen. Inner Asian Frontiers of China. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962 [1940, American Geographical Society of New York].
196. Lattimore, Owen. "The New Political Geography of Inner Asia." In Lattimore, Studies, 165-79. First Published in Geographic Journal 119, 1 (1953).
197. Lattimore, Owen. Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China and Russia. Boston: Little, Brown, 1950.
198. Lattimore, Owen, ed. Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
199. Lawrence, Bruce B. Defenders of God: The Fundamentalist Revolt against the Modern Age. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1989.
200. Levenson, Joseph R. Modern China and Its Confucian Past: The Problem of Intellectual Continuity. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1964 [1958, University of California Press, Confucian China and Its Modern Fate].
201. Li Jingjie. Shi nian jubian [Ten Years of Great Change]. Beijing: Shufang chubanshe, 2003.
202. Li Jingjie. "Zhong E zhanlue zuo huoban guanxi ji qi Meiguo yinsu" [Strategic Cooperation between China and Russia and the American Factor], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 3 (2000): 3-13.
203. Li Sheng. Zhongguo Xinjiang lishi yu xianzhuang [History and Contemporary Affairs of Xinjiang, China]. Urumchi: Xinjiang renmin chuban she, 2003.
204. Li Yiwen, and Ma Fengshu. Dangdai guoji zuzhi yu guoji guanxi [Contemporary International Organizations and International Relations]. Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe, 2002.
205. Ling, H.C. The Petroleum Industry of the People's Republic of China. Stanford: Hoover Institute Press, 1975.
206. Lipovsky, Igor. "The Awakening of Central Asian Islam," Middle Eastern Studies 32, 3 (1996): 1-21.
207. Liu, Gengchen. "Ethnic Harmony and Conflicts in Central Asia: Origins and Policies." In Zhang and Azizian, Ethnic Challenges, 73-92.
208. Liu, Kwang-Ching, and Richard J. Smith. "The Military Challenge: The North-West and the Coast." In The Cambridge History of China, vol. 11, part 2, Late Ch'ing, 1800-1911, ed. John K. Fairbank and Kwang-Ching Liu, 202-73. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
209. Liu, Qingjian. "Sino-Central Asian Trade and Economic Relations: Progress, Problems and Prospects." In Zhang and Azizian, Ethnic Challenges, 179-200.
210. Liu, Xiaoyuan. Frontier Passages: Ethnopolitics and the Rise of Chinese Communism, 1921- 1945. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
211. Lubin, Nancy. "Implications of Ethnic and Demographic Trends." In Fierman, Soviet Central Asia, 36-61.
212. Lubin, Nancy. "Turkmenistan's Energy: A Source of Wealth or Instability?" In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 107-22.
213. Luo Zhenxing. "Meiguo zai Zhongya - Lihai diqu de nengyuan zhengce pingxi" [Analysis of American Policy in the Central Asian - Caspian Region], Meiguo yanjiu 19, 2 (2005): 116-37.
214. Ma Pinyan. "Afuhan de 'shengzhan' zhi huo neng ximie ma?" [Can the Fires of Afghanistan's Holy War Be Extinguished?]. In Pan, Zhongnanya, 129-40.
215. Ma, Rong. "Population Distribution and Relations among Ethnic Groups in the Kashgar Region, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region." In Iredale et al., China's Minorities on the Move, 106-22.
216. Mackarras, Colin. "The Uighurs." In The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, ed. Denis Sinor, 317-36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
217. Mackarras, Colin. "Xinjiang at the Turn of the Century: The Causes of Separatism," Central Asian Survey 20, 3 (2001): 289-303.
218. Magnus, Ralph H., and Eden Naby. "Afghanistan and Central Asia: Mirrors and Models," Asian Survey 35, 7 (1995): 605-20.
219. Malashenko, A.V. "Tsentral'naya Aziya i Rossiya" [Central Asia and Russia]. In Tsentral'naya Aziya: Puti v mirovoe soobshchestvo [Central Asia: Means of Integration into the World Community], ed. V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, 72-85. Moscow: Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, 1995.
220. Mallaby, Sebastian. "The Reluctant Imperialist: Terrorism, Failed States, and the Case for American Empire," Foreign Affairs 81, 2 (2002): 2-7.
221. Maxwell, Neville. "China and India: The Un-Negotiated Dispute," China Quarterly 43 (1970): 47-80.
222. McMillen, Donald H. Chinese Communist Power and Policy, 1949-1977. Boulder, CO: Westview/Dawson Replica Edition, 1979.
223. McMillen, Donald H. "The Urumqi Military Region: Defense and Strategy in China's West," Asian Survey 22, 8 (1982): 705-31.
224. McMillen, Donald H. "Xinjiang and the Production and Construction Corps: A Han Organization in a Non- Han Region," Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 6 (July 1981): 65-96.
225. McMillen, Donald H. "Xinjiang and Wang Enmao: New Directions in Power, Policy and Integration?" China Quarterly 99 (September 1984): 569-93.
226. McNeal, Dewardric L. "China's Relations with Central Asian States and Problems with Terrorism," CRS Report for Congress RL 31213, December 17, 2001. http://fpc.state.gov/ documents/organization/7945.pdf (viewed November 30, 2005).
227. "Meeting of the Heads of State of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and Republic of Uzbekistan," June 15, 2001. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/ sco_3_220010620.html (viewed November 22, 2005).
228. "Memorandum of Understanding between SCO Secretariat and CSTO Secretariat" Dushanbe, Tajikistan, October 5, 2007. http://www.sectsco.org/news_detail.asp?id= 1786&LanguageID=2 (viewed April 4, 2008).
229. "Memorandum of Understanding between the Secretariat of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN Secretariat) and the Secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO Secretariat)," Jakarta, Indonesia, April 21, 2005. http:// www.aseansec.org/ASEAN-SCO-MOU.pdf (viewed January 6, 2008).
230. Merriam, John G. "Arms Shipments to the Afghan Resistance." In Afghan Resistance: The Politics of Survival, ed. Grant M. Farr and John G. Merriam, 71-102. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1987.
231. Meyer, Karl E., and Shareen Blair Brysac. Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999.
232. Millward, James A. Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
233. Millward, James A. Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
234. Millward, James A. "Violent Separatism in Xinjiang: A Critical Assessment," Policy Studies 6. Washington, DC: East-West Centre Washington, 2004.
235. Millward, James, and Nabijan Tursun. "Political History and Strategies of Control, 1884- 1978." In Starr, Xinjiang, 63-98.
236. Millward, James, and Peter C. Perdue. "Political and Cultural History of Xinjiang through the Late Nineteenth Century." In Starr, Xinjiang, 27-62.
237. Millward, James, Ruth W. Dunnell, Mark C. Elliot, and Philippe Forêt, eds. New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004.
238. Misra, Amalendu. "Shanghai 5 and the Emerging Alliance in Central Asia: The Closed Society and Its Enemies," Central Asian Survey 20, 3 (2001): 305-21.
239. Moltz, James Clay. "Regional Tensions in the Russo-Chinese Rapprochement," Asian Survey 35, 6 (1995): 511-27.
240. Morris, Peter. "The Russians in Central Asia, 1870-1887," Slavonic and East European Studies 53 (1975): 521-38.
241. Moseley, George. A Sino-Soviet Cultural Frontier: The Ili Kazakh Autonomous Chou. Cambridge, MA: East Asian Research Centre, Harvard University, 1966.
242. Mukimdshanova, R.M. "Vneshnyaya politika gosudarstv regiona" [Foreign Policy of the Regional States]. In Tsentral'naya Aziya: Puti v mirovoe soobshchestvo [Central Asia: Means of Integration into the World Community], ed. V. Ya. Belokrenitsky, 39-71. Moscow: Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, 1995.
243. "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America." The White House: Washington, DC, September 2003. http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html (viewed December 11, 2005).
244. Naylor, R.T. "Bin Laden, Crime and Opportunism," Nathanson Centre for the Study of Organized Crime and Corruption, November 3, 2001. http://www.yorku.ca/nathanson/ Publications/Bin%20Laden.htm (viewed January 17, 2006).
245. Nazarbaev, Nursultan. "Nazarbaev Interview on Relations with China," Ostankino Television, November 10, 1993. In Black, Russia and Eurasia 1993, 303-4.
246. Needham, Joseph. "Geography and Cartography." In Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 3: Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth, 497-590. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959.
247. Newby, L.J. "The Begs of Xinjiang: Between Two Worlds," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, 2 (1998): 278-97.
248. Newby, L.J. The Empire and the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations with Khokand c. 1760- 1860. Leiden: Brill, 2005.
249. Newman, Robert P. Owen Lattimore and the "Loss" of China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992.
250. Nguyen, Hung P. "Russia and China: The Genesis of an Eastern Rapallo," Asian Survey 33, 3 (1993): 285-301.
251. Ni Xiaoquan. "China's Threat Perceptions and Policies towards the Russian Far East." In Russia's Far East: A Region at Risk, ed. Judith Thornton and Charles E. Ziegler, 375-96. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2002.
252. Niyazi, Aziz. "Islam and Tajikistan's Human and Ecological Crises." In Ruffin and Waugh, Civil Society in Central Asia, 180-97.
253. Norins, Martin R. "The New Sinkiang: China's Link with the Middle East," Pacific Affairs 15, 4 (1942): 457-70.
254. Noumoff, S.J. "First United Front (1922-1927)." Unpublished Paper.
255. Noumoff, S.J. "Is China the Next Threat?" China Report 35, 4 (1999): 467-91.
256. Noumoff, S.J. "Reflections on the Afghan Revolution," BIISS Journal 6 (1985): 1-37.
257. Olcott, Martha Brill. Central Asia's New States: Independence, Foreign Policy, and Regional Security. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996.
258. Olcott, Martha Brill. "The Growth of Political Participation in Kazakhstan." In Conflict, Cleavage, and Change in Central Asia and the Caucasus, ed. Karen Dawisha and Bruce Parrot, 201-41. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
259. Olcott, Martha Brill. "Islam and Fundamentalism in Independent Central Asia." In Muslim Eurasia: Conflicting Legacies, ed. Yaacov Roi, 21-40. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
260. Olcott, Martha Brill. Kazakhstan: Unfulfilled Promise. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2002.
261. Olcott, Martha Brill. "Regional Cooperation in Central Asia and the South Caucasus." In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 123-44.
262. Olcott, Martha Brill. "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Is It Undermining the US Interests in Central Asia?" Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Washington, DC, September 26, 2006. http://www.csce.gov/index.cfm?Fuseaction=ContentRecords.ViewDetail&ContentRecord_id=381&ContentType=H&CFID=26288712&CFTOK EN=51864399 (viewed February 18, 2007).
263. Olcott, Martha Brill, and Natalia Udalova. "Drug Trafficking on the Great Silk Road: The Security Environment in Central Asia," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Working Paper, no. 11, March 2000.
264. Oresman, Matthew. "Beyond the Battle of Talas: China's Reemergence in Central Asia," July 2004. http://www.ndu.edu/ctnsp/tamerlane/Tamerlane-Chapter19.pdf (viewed March 24, 2007).
265. Paine, S.C.M. Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
266. Pan Guang. "Shanghai Cooperation Organization: Challenges, Opportunities, Prospects." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics, 233-42.
267. Pan Zhiping. "'Dong tu' kongbu zhuyi: Youlai he fazhan" ["East Turkestan" Terrorism: Origins and Development]. In Pan, Zhongnanya, 287-99.
268. Pan Zhiping. "Xinjiang de anquan huanjing - lishi yu xianzhuang de kaocha" [An Investigation of the History and Present Situation of the Security Environment of Xinjiang]. In Pan, Zhongnanya, 317-37.
269. Pan Zhiping, ed., Zhongnanya de minzu zongjiao chongtu [Religious and Political Conflicts of South and Central Asia]. Urumchi: Xinjiang Renmin chubanshe, 2003.
270. Peimani, Hooman. Regional Security and the Future of Central Asia: The Competition between Iran, Turkey, and Russia. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1998.
271. Peng Xihua. "Lengzhan hou Zhongmei shounao waijiao chuyi" [Sino-US Summit Diplomacy after the Cold War], in Xiao and Tang, Daguo Waijiao, 441-57.
272. Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.
273. Pfaltzgraff, Robert L. "China, Soviet Strategy, and American Policy," International Security 5, 2 (1980): 24-48.
274. Pirseyedi, Bobi. The Small Arms Problem in Central Asia: Features and Implications. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2000.
275. Pomfret, Richard. The Central Asian Economies since Independence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
276. Powell, Colin. "Interview: Secretary of State Colin Powell - Roundtable with Japanese Journalists," Washington, DC, August 12, 2004. http://hongkong.usconsulate. gov/uscn/ state/2004/081201.htm (viewed November 11, 2004).
277. Powell, Colin. "Testimony at Budget Hearing before the House International Relations Committee," Washington, DC, February 6, 2002. http://hongkong.usconsulate.gov/uscn/state/ 2002/020601.htm (viewed December 1, 2005).
278. Pringsheim, Klaus H. "China, India, and Their Himalayan Border (1961-1963)," Asian Survey 3, 10 (1963): 474-95.
279. "Protocol on Establishment of Afghanistan-SCO Contact Group between Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Islamic Republic of Afghanistan." 2005. http://www.sectsco. org/html/00649.html (viewed February 10, 2007).
280. Putin, Vladimir. "President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin Press Statement at Conclusion of Shanghai Cooperation Organization Heads of State Meeting," St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, June 7, 2002. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/ sco_20020610_2.html (viewed December 9, 2005).
281. Putin, Vladimir. "President Vladimir Putin Met with Iran's Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Shanghai, June 15, 2006." http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/e78a48070f128a7b43256999005bcbb3/f700f80fbd1 c3ec7c325718f003e4591?OpenDocument (viewed February 16, 2007).
282. Putin, Vladimir. "Statement by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, at a Meeting of the Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Moscow, the Kremlin, May 29, 2003. http:// russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/20030530_sco_putin.html (viewed January 3, 2006).
283. Putin, Vladimir, and Nursultan Nazarbayev. "Press Conference of President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin and President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev," St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, June 7, 2002. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/ sco_20020610_3.html (viewed December 9, 2005).
284. Qu Hong. Dangdai Zhongdong zhengzhi yisilan: Guancha yu sikao [Political Islam in the Contemporary Middle East: Observation and Reflections]. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 2001.
285. Raballand, Gaël, and Agnès Andrésy. "Why Should Trade between Central Asia and China Continue to Expand?" Asia Europe Journal 5, 2 (2007): 235-52.
286. Rashid, Ahmed. "The Fires of Faith in Central Asia," World Policy Journal 18, 1 (Spring 2001): 45-55.
287. Rashid, Ahmed. Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
288. Rashid, Ahmed. "The New Struggle in Central Asia," World Policy Journal 17, 4 (2000/2001): 33-45.
289. Rashid, Ahmed. The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism? London: Zed Books, 1994.
290. Rashid, Ahmed. "The Taliban: Exporting Extremism," Foreign Affairs 78, 6 (1999): 22-35.
291. Rashid, Ahmed. Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia, rev. ed. London: I.B. Taurus, 2001.
292. Rawski, Evelyn S. The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998.
293. "Regulation on the Status of the Observer to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," June 17, 2004. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2004/20040621_sco_observer. html (viewed February 24, 2006).
294. Ren, Qing, and Yuan Xin. "Impacts of Migration to Xinjiang since the 1950s." In Iredale et al., China's Minorities on the Move, 89-105.
295. Rhoads, Edward J.M. Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000.
296. Rigby, T.H. "The Afghan Conflict and Soviet Domestic Politics." In The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan, ed. Amin Saikal and William Maley, 67-81. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
297. Roberts, Sean. "Uyghur Neighbourhoods and Nationalisms in the Former Sino-Soviet Borderland: An Historical Ethnography of a Stateless Nation on the Margins of Modernity." PhD diss., University of Southern California, 2003.
298. Robinson, Thomas W. "The Sino-Soviet Border Dispute: Background, Development, and March 1969 Clashes," American Political Science Review 66, 4 (1972): 1175-1202.
299. Rorlich, Azade-Ayse. "Islam and Atheism: Dynamic Tension in Soviet Central Asia." In Fierman, Soviet Central Asia, 186-218.
300. Rossabi, Morris, ed. Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2004.
301. Rossabi, Morris. "Introduction." In Rossabi, Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers, 3-18.
302. Rossabi, Morris. "The Ming and Inner Asia." In The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 8, Part 2, The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, ed. Denis C. Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote, 221-71. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
303. Roy, Denny. China's Foreign Relations. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998.
304. Roy, Olivier. The Failure of Political Islam. Trans. Carol Volk. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.
305. Roy, Olivier. The Foreign Policy of the Islamic Renaissance Party. New York: Council of Foreign Relations, 2000. http://www.cfr.org/pub3587/olivier_roy/muslim_politics_project_the_ foreign_policy_of_the_central_asian_islamic_renaissance:party.php (viewed January 23, 2005).
306. Roy, Olivier. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
307. Roy, Olivier. Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
308. Roy, Olivier. "The Islamic Movement in Central Asia: Between Nationalism and Internationalism." Paper presented at the Harvard Forum for Central Asian Studies and the Caspian Studies Program, April 4, 2000.
309. Roy, Olivier. "Kolkhoz and Civil Society in the Independent States of Central Asia." In Ruffin and Waugh, Civil Society in Central Asia, 109-21.
310. Roy, Olivier. The New Central Asia: The Creation of Nations. New York: New York University Press, 2000.
311. Roy, Olivier. "Qibla and the Government House: The Islamist Networks," SAIS Review 21, 2 (2001): 53-63.
312. Rozman, Gilbert. "China's Soviet Watchers in the 1980s: A New Era in Scholarship," World Politics 37, 4 (July 1985): 435-74.
313. Rozman, Gilbert. "Moscow's China-Watchers in the Post-Mao Era: The Response to a Changing China," The China Quarterly, 94 (June 1983): 215-41.
314. Rubin, Barnett R. The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation and Collapse in the International System, 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.
315. Rubin, Barnett R. "The Political Economy of War and Peace in Afghanistan," World Development 28, 10 (2000): 1789-803.
316. Rudelson, Justin. Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism along China's Silk Road. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
317. Rudelson, Justin. "Xinjiang's Uyghurs in the Ensuing US-China Partnership," Congressional Executive Commission on China, Uyghur Panel, June 10, 2002. http://www.cecc.gov/pages/ roundtables/061002/rudelsonStatement.php (viewed March 4, 2006).
318. Rudelson, Justin, and William Jankowiak. "Acculturation and Resistance: Xinjiang Identities in Flux." In Starr, Xinjiang, 299-319.
319. Ruffin, M. Holt, and Daniel Waugh, eds. Civil Society in Central Asia. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999.
320. Rumer, Eugene. "The US Interests and Role in Central Asia after K2," Washington Quarterly 29, 3 (2006): 141-54.
321. Rupert, James. "Dateline Tashkent: Post-Soviet Central Asia," Foreign Policy 87 (Summer 1992): 175-78, 180-95.
322. "Russian-Chinese Joint Communiqué, November 24, 1998." http://russia.shaps.hawaii. edu/fp/russia/communique-981124.html (viewed November 14, 2005).
323. "Russian Federation, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Tajikistan and People's Republic of China on Confidence Building in the Military in the Border Area," April 26, 1996. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/shaps/shanghai_19960426.html (viewed April 11, 2005).
324. Rutland, Peter. "Paradigms for Russian Policy in the Caspian Region." In Ebel and Menon, Energy and Conflict, 163-88.
325. Rywkin, Michael. Moscow's Muslim Challenge: Soviet Central Asia, 2nd ed. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1990.
326. Sageman, Marc. Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
327. Segal, Gerald. "China and Afghanistan," Asian Survey 21, 11 (1981): 1158-74.
328. Sestanovich, Stephen. "US Policy towards Russia," Statement before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Subcommittee on European Affairs, May 20, 1998. http://russia. shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/us/980520_sestan_russia.html (viewed November 4, 2005).
329. Shan Weiguo. "Shilun shiyou anquan" [Preliminary Discussion of Petroleum Security], Guoji shiyou jingji [International Petroleum Economics] 11, 10 (2003): 5-11.
330. "Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism," June 15, 2001. http://sectsco.org/news_details.asp?id=93&LanguageID=2 (viewed November 22, 2005).
331. Shi, Yinhong. "Great Power Politics in Central Asia Today: A Chinese Assessment." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics, 161-72.
332. Shlapentokh, Vladimir. "Russia, China and the Far East: Old Geopolitics or a New Peaceful Cooperation?" Communist and Post-Communist Studies 28, 3 (1995): 307-18.
333. Sinor, Denis. "The Concept of Inner Asia." In The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia, ed. Denis Sinor, 1-18. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
334. Skrine, C.P. Chinese Central Asia. London: Methuen, 1926.
335. Skrine, C.P., and Pamela Nightingale. Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890-1918. London: Methuen, 1973.
336. Song Dexing. "Zhongya diyuan zhanlue taishi de wu da dezheng" [The Five Main Characteristics for the Central Asian Strategy], Xiandai guoji guanxi 2 (2005): 3-5.
337. Soucek, Svat. A History of Inner Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
338. Starr, S. Frederick. "Introduction." In Starr, Xinjiang, 3-24.
339. Starr. S., ed. Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2004.
340. "Statement of China-Kazakhstan Friendly Relations," Xinhua, October 21, 1993. In Black, Russia and Eurasia 1993, 299-300.
341. "Statement of Principles," Project for the New American Century, June 3, 1997. http:// www.newamericancentury.org/statementofprinciples.htm (viewed December 11, 2005).
342. "Statement on the Defense of Taiwan," Project for the New American Century, August 20, 1999. http://www.newamericancentury.org/Taiwandefensestatement.htm (viewed December 11, 2005).
343. Su Hao. Yatai hezuo anqu yanjiu [Asia-Pacific Security Research]. Beijing: Shijie zhishi chubanshe, 2003.
344. Sun Zhuangzhi. "Central Asia's Transition to a Market Economy: An Analytical Comparison with China." In Zhang and Azizian, Ethnic Challenges, 147-65.
345. Sun Zhuangzhi. Zhongya xin geju yu diqu anquan [The New Order and Regional Security in Central Asia]. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 2001.
346. Talbot, Strobe. "A Farewell to Flashman: American Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia," Address at the SAIS, the Johns Hopkins University, July 21, 1997. http://www. state.gov/www/regions/nis/970721talbot.html (viewed October 17, 2005).
347. Tarock, Adam. "The Politics of the Pipeline: The Iran and Afghanistan Conflict," Third World Quarterly 20, 4 (1999): 801-20.
348. "Tashkent Declaration by the Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," June 21, 2004. http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/2004/20040621_ sco_decl-eng.html (viewed February 9, 2007).
349. Tazmini, Ghoncheh. "The Islamic Revival in Central Asia: A Potent Force or a Misconception," Central Asian Survey 20, 1 (2001): 63-83.
350. Terrill, Ross. The New Chinese Empire - and What it Means for the United States. New York: Basic Books, 2003.
351. "Text of China-Russia Statement, April 25, 1996." http://russia.shaps.hawaii.edu/fp/russia/ statement-960425.html (viewed March 20, 2005).
352. "Text of Chinese-Russian Joint Statement, September 3, 1994." http://russia.shaps.hawaii. edu/fp/russia/statement-940903.html (viewed March 20, 2005).
353. "Text of Chinese-Russian Joint Statement, April 23, 1997." Xinhua, April 23, 1997. In FBIS-CHI-97-079.
354. "Text of Chinese-Russian Joint Statement, November 11, 1997." Xinhua, November 11. 1997. In FBIS-CHI-97-315.
355. "Text of Hu Jintao-Nazarbayev Joint Declaration on Cooperation, June 3, 2003," Xinhua, June 3, 2003. In FBIS-CHI-2003-0603.
356. Tian Chunrong. "2002 nian Zhongguo shiyou jinchukou zhuangkuang fenxi 2002" [An Analysis of China's Oil Imports and Exports in 2002], Guoji shiyou jingji 3 (March 2003): 24-30.
357. Tilly, Charles. "War Making and State Making as Organized Crime." In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, 169-91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
358. Toops, Stanley W. "The Demography of Xinjiang." In Starr, Xinjiang, 241-63.
359. Townsend, Jacob. "China and Afghan Opiates: Assessing the Risk," Silk Road Paper, June 2005. http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/Townsend_Total.pdf (viewed March 13, 2009).
360. "Transcript of Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage Press Conference - Conclusion of China Visit," Beijing, China, August 26, 2002. http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/ press/release/2002/ptr/1502-armitage.html (viewed December 8, 2005).
361. "Treaty on Friendship, Collaboration and Mutual Aid between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (25 May)." In Black, Russia and Eurasia Documents Annual, 1992. Vol. 2, CIS and Successor States, 92-97.
362. Troush, Sergei. "China and Russia in Central Asia: Interests and Tendencies." In van Wie Davis and Azizian, Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics, 217-30.
363. Tsui Yen Hu. "Uyghur Movement within Xinjiang and Its Ethnic Identity and Cultural Implications." In Iredale et al., China's Minorities on the Move, 123-38.
364. United Nations Drug Control Programme. "Supply of and Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1996." Vienna, 1998.
365. United Nations Office on Drug Control and Crime Prevention. "Illicit Drugs Situation in the Regions Neighbouring Afghanistan and the Response of the ODCCP." October 2002.
366. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. "Afghanistan Opium Survey 2005," November 2005. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/afg/afg_survey_2005.pdf (viewed January 26, 2006).
367. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. "Central Asia: Strategic Programme Framework, 2004-2007." December 6, 2005. www. unodc.org/pdf/uzbekistan/SPF_Central_Asia_2004-2007.pdf (viewed January 5, 2006).
368. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. "Definitions of Terrorism." N.d. http://www.unodc.org/unodc/terrorism_definitions. html (viewed November 23, 2005).
369. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. "The Opium Economy in Afghanistan: An International Problem," 2003. http://www. unodc.org/pdf/publications/afg_opium_economy_www.pdf (viewed January 16, 2006).
370. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. "World Drug Report 1997." http://www.unodc.org/adhoc/world_drug_report_1997/ Contents/CONT.pdf (viewed January 26, 2006).
371. United Nations Security Council. "Resolution 1368: Adopted by the Security Council at Its 4370th Meeting, on 12 September 2001." http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/ GEN/N01/533/82/PDF/N0153382.pdf?OpenElement (viewed December 8, 2005).
372. United Nations Security Council. "Resolution 1373: Adopted by the Security Council at its 4385th Meeting, on 28 September, 2001." http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/557/43/PDF/N0155743. pdf?OpenElement (viewed December 8, 2005).
373. United States Department of State. "International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 1996." http://www.state.gov/www/global/narcotics_law/1996_narc_report/index.html (viewed March 20, 2005).
374. "United States-Uzbekistan Declaration on the Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Framework," United States Department of State, Washington, DC, March 12, 2002. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2002/8736.htm (viewed December 4, 2005).
375. US Census Bureau. "Foreign Trade Statistics." http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/ balance/c5700.html#1996 (viewed March 12, 2006).
376. "US, China Stand against Terrorism: Remarks Made by President Bush and President Jiang Zemin in Press Availability," Shanghai, People's Republic of China, October 19, 2001. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011019-4.html (viewed November 27, 2005).
377. "US Interests in the Central Asian Republics." Hearing before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations in the House of Representatives, February 12, 1998. http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/ hfa48119.000/hfa48119_0.HTM (viewed October 17, 2005).
378. van Creveld, Martin. The Transformation of War. New York: The Free Press, 1991.
379. van der Leeuw, Charles. Oil and Gas in the Caucasus and the Caspian: A History. New York: St. Martin's, 2000.
380. van Wie Davis, Elizabeth and Rouben Azizian, eds. Islam, Oil, and Geopolitics: Central Asia after September 11. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007.
381. Vasil'ev, Aleksey. Rossiya na blizhnem i Srednem Vostoke [Russia in its Neighbourhood and in the Middle East]. Moscow: Nauka izdatel'skaya, 1993.
382. Vernadsky, George. "Notes of the History of the Uighurs in the Late Middle Ages," Journal of American Oriental Society 56, 4 (December 1936): 453-61.
383. Vertzberger, Yaacov. "Afghanistan in China's Policy," Problems of Communism 31, 3 (1982): 1-23.
384. Vertzberger, Yaacov. "India's Border Conflict with China: A Perceptual Analysis," Journal of Contemporary History 17, 4 (October 1982): 607-31.
385. Vertzberger, Yaacov. "The Political Economy of Sino-Pakistan Relations: Trade and Aid 1963-82," Asian Survey 23, 5 (May 1983): 637-52.
386. Vorob'eva, V. Ya. "Interv'yu spetsial'nogo predstavitelya prezidenta Rossii po delam ShOS V. Ya. Vorob'eva, opublikobannoe b gazete 'Vremya nobostey'" [Interview of the Special Representative of the Russian President to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization V. Ya. Vorob published in Vremya Novestei, July 5, 2005]. http://russia.shaps.hawaii. edu/fp/russia/2005/20050705_sco_04.html (viewed February 24, 2006).
387. Voskressenski, Alexei D. Russia and China: A Theory of Inter-State Relations. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.
388. Walsh, Richard J. "China and the New Geopolitics of Central Asia," Asian Survey 33, 3 (1993): 272-84.
389. Wang, David D. The Yining Incident: Under the Soviet Shadow - Ethnic Conflicts and International Rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1999.
390. Wang Gongli and Xing Zhihe. "Cong guandao fazhan kan woguo tianran qiye fazhan de jieduan xing" [From Pipeline Development to Development of China's Natural Gas Industry], Guoji shiyou jingji 4 (April 2004): 43-45.
391. Wang Guoqiang. "Yingxiang diqu jushi de junshi yinsu" [Influence of the Regional Situation on the Military Factor], Xiandai guoji guanxi 2 (2005):10-12.
392. Wang Jinguo. "Sulian jieti hou Afuhan zai Zhongya diyuan zhengzhi zhuanbian zhong de yingxiang" [Afghanistan's Role in Transforming Central Asia after the Breakup of the Soviet Union], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 5 (2001): 77-82.
393. Wang, John Z. "Eastern Turkestan Islamic Movement: A Case Study of a New Terrorist Organization in China," International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 47, 5 (2003): 568-84.
394. Wang Li. "Zhongguo duobian waijiao de xin fazhan: Shanghai hezuo zuzhi de shijian" [New Developments in Chinese Multilateral Diplomacy: A Case Study of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization]. In Xiao and Tang, Daguo waijiao, 510-28.
395. Wang Xinsheng. "Yantai xin qiju xia de anquan guan, hezuo guan" [The New Chessboard of the Asia Pacific: Perspectives on Security and Cooperation]. In Wang, Yu, and Gao, 9.11 yu Zhongguo, 1-9.
396. Wang Xinsheng, Yu Changsen, and Gao Hongbin, eds. 9.11 yu Zhongguo jiaru WTO zhi hou de yantai diqu guoji guanxi [International Relations of the Asia Pacific after 9.11 and China's Accession to the WTO]. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 2003.
397. Wang Yeqi. "Waiguo shiyou gongsi zai Eluosi touzi mianlin de wenti" [Issues Facing Foreign Oil Companies Investing in Russia], Guoji shiyou jingji 11, 2 (2003): 34-36.
398. Wang Zhijuan. "Feierganna: Dangdai 'Basimaqi' de wochao" [Ferghana: The Nest of the Contemporary Basmachis]. In Pan, Zhongnanya, 195-206.
399. Watson, Burton, trans. Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian: Han Dynasty II, rev. ed. New York and Hong Kong: Columbia University Press and the Chinese University Press of Hong Kong, 1993.
400. Whiting, Allen S., and Sheng Shih-ts'ai. Sinkiang: Pawn or Pivot? East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1958.
401. Whitson, William. "The Field Army in Chinese Communist Military Politics," China Quarterly 37 (January-March 1969): 1-30.
402. Wiemer, Calla. "The Economy of Xinjiang." In Starr, Xinjiang, 163-89.
403. Wiens, Herold J. "Change in the Ethnography and Land Use of the Ili Valley and Region, Chinese Turkestan," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59, 4 (1969): 753-75.
404. Wiens, Herold J. "Cultivation Development and Expansion in China's Colonial Realm in Central Asia," Journal of Asian Studies 26, 1 (November 1966): 67-88.
405. Wiens, Herold J. "The Historical Geography of Urumqi, Capital of Chinese Central Asia," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 53, 4 (December 1963): 441-64.
406. Wishnick, Elizabeth. Mending Fences: The Evolution of Moscow's China Policy from Brezhnev to Yeltsin. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.
407. Wolfowitz, Paul. "Deputy Secretary Paul Wolfowitz Interview with New York Times," United States Department of Defense, January 7, 2002. http://www.defenselink.mil/ transcripts/2002/t01132002_t0107dsd.html (viewed December 8, 2005).
408. Wortzel, Larry M. "The Effects and Consequences of an Emerging China," Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Washington, DC, March 20, 2003. http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/test031903. cfm (viewed December 1, 2005).
409. Wu, Aitchen K. Turkistan Tumult. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1984 [1940, Methuen].
410. Wu Lei. "Fan kong zhanlue, dao sa zhanzheng yu meiguo de shiyou zhengduo" [Counter Terrorism Strategies, the War in Iraq and American Scramble for Oil], Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi 273, 5 (2003): 17-22.
411. Xiao Jialing, and Tang Xianxing, eds. Daguo waijiao: Lilun, juece, tiaozhan [Diplomacy of the Great Powers: Theory, Decision Making, and Challenges]. Beijing: Shishi chubanshe, 2003.
412. Xing, Guangcheng. "China and Central Asia." In Allison and Jonson, Central Asian Security, 152-70.
413. Xing, Guangcheng. "China and Central Asia: Towards a New Relationship." In Zhang and Azizian, Ethnic Challenges, 32-49.
414. Xu Tao. "'Shanghai hezuo zuzhi' de fazhan ji yiyi" [Development and Implications of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization]. In Yatai zhanlue chang [Asia-Pacific Strategic Arena], ed. Lu Zhongwei, 505-36. Beijing: Shishi chubanshe, 2002.
415. Xu Tao. "Zhengju zou shi chongman bianshu" [Movement of the Variables in the Political Conditions], Xiandai guoji guanxi, 2 (2005): 5-7.
416. Xue Jundu, and Xing Guangcheng. Zhongguo yu Zhongya [China and Central Asia]. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 1999.
417. Yang, Dali L. Remaking the Chinese Leviathan: Market Transition and the Politics of Governance in China. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2004.
418. Yang Shu. "Nengyuan lingyu de jingzheng yu hezuo" [Competition and Cooperation in the Energy Sector], Xiandai guoji guanxi 2 (2005): 12-14.
419. Yang Shu, and Wang Jinguo. "Zhongya anquan he Afuhan dupin" [Central Asian Security and Narcotics from Afghanistan], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 4 (2001), 58-61.
420. Ye Jiang. "Danbian zhuyi yu duobian zhuyi de xianghu zhuanhuan" [Interchanges of Unilateralism and Multilateralism], Meiguo yanjiu 18, 4 (2004): 59-72.
421. Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
422. Yom, Sean L. "Power Politics in Central Asia: The Future of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization," Harvard Asia Quarterly, (Autumn 2002). http://www.fas.harvard. edu/~asiactr/haq/200204/0204a003.htm (viewed December 6, 2005).
423. Yousaf, Mohammad, and Mark Adkin. Afghanistan: The Bear Trap - The Defeat of a Superpower. South Yorkshire: Leo Cooper, 2001.
424. Zaman, Muhammand Qasim. The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002.
425. Zhang Laiyi. "Zhongya de yisilan jiduan zhuyi" [Islamic Extremism in Central Asia], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 5 (2001): 69-76.
426. Zhang Wenmu. "Zhongguo nengyuan anquan yu zhengce xuanze" [China's Energy Security and Policy Choices], Shiji jingji yu zhengji 273, 5 (2003): 11-16.
427. Zhang Ximing. Xin Meilijian diguo [The New American Empire]. Beijing: Shehui kexue chubanshe, 2003.
428. Zhang Yao. "'Xin diguo lun' pingxi" [A Comment on Neo-Imperialism], Shijie jingji yu zhengzhi 275, 7 (2003): 33-38.
429. Zhang, Yongjin, and Rouben Azizian, eds. Ethnic Challenges beyond the Borders: Chinese and Russian Perspectives on the Central Asian Conundrum. London, MacMillen Press, 1998.
430. Zhao Huasheng. "Central Asia in China's Diplomacy." In Central Asia: Views from Washington, Moscow, and Beijing, by Eugene Rumer, Dmitri Trenin, and Huasheng Zhao, 137-214. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2007.
431. Zhao Huasheng. "Zhongya xingshi bianhua yu 'Shanghai hezuo zuzhi'" [The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Changes in the Central Asian Situation], Dongou Zhongya yanjiu 6 (2002): 54-59.
432. Zhao, Suisheng. A Nation-State by Construction: Dynamics of Modern Chinese Nationalism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004.
433. Zhao, Yueyao. "Pivot or Periphery? Xinjiang's Regional Development and Chinese-Central Asian Relations at the Century's End." Miami: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Florida International University, 1997.
434. Zheng Lifeng, and Zhao Jingwen. "Lengzhan hou Meiguo nengyuan zhan tiange ji zai Lihai diqu de nengyuan waijiao" [America's Post-Cold War Strategy and Diplomacy in the Caspian Sea Region], Guoji shiyou jingji 9, 10 (2001): 9-12.
435. Zheng Yu, and Li Jianmin. Dulianti shi nian: Xianzhuang, wenti, qianjing (1991-2001), 2 vols. [Ten Years of the CIS: Present Situation, Problems, and Prospects]. Beijing: Shiji zhishi chubanshe, 2002.
436. Zhonghua renmin gong heguo guoji tongji ju [National Bureau of Statistics of China]. Zhongguo tongji nianjian 2003 [China Statistical Yearbook 2003]. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2004.
437. Zhonghua renmin gong heguo guoji tongji ju [National Bureau of Statistics of China]. Zhongguo tongji nianjian 2002 [China Statistical Yearbook 2002]. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2003.
438. Zhonghua renmin gong heguo guoji tongji ju [National Bureau of Statistics of China]. Zhongguo tongji nianjian 2001 [China Statistical Yearbook 2001]. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2002.
439. Zhonghua renmin gong heguo guoji tongji ju [National Bureau of Statistics of China]. Zhongguo tongji nianjian 2000 [China Statistical Yearbook 2000]. Beijing: Zhongguo tongji chubanshe, 2001.
440. Zhu Qihuang. "Zhongya youqi diyuan zhengzhi xin taishi ji qi dui woguo de yingxiang" [Latest Developments in Central Asian Oil and Gas Politics and Its Influence on China], Guoji shiyou jingji 10, 11 (2002): 32-37.
441. Zhu Xingshan, and Zhou Dadi. "Ruhe kandai Zhongguo de nengyuan anquan wenti" [A Discussion on China's Energy Security], Guoji shiyou jingji 9, 10 (2001): 5-8.
442. "Zuohao baozhang shiyou gongying anqu de da wenzhang" [Oil Security: Systematic Work to Be Done Well], Guoji shiyou jingji 9, 3 (2001): 1.