Obesity in patients with major depression is related to bipolarity and mixed features: evidence from the BRIDGE-II-Mix study

Bipolar Disorders

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2017, Pages 458-464

  Petri, Eleonora ^a   Bacci, Olivia ^a   Barbuti, Margherita ^a,b   Pacchiarotti, Isabella ^b   Azorin, Jean Michel ^c   Angst, Jules ^d   Bowden, Charles L ^e   Mosolov, Sergey ^f   Vieta, Eduard ^b   Young, Allan H ^g   Perugi, Giulio ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^c HÔPITAL SAINTE MARGUERITE   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PSYCHIATRY   (Switzerland)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER AT SAN ANTONIO   (United States)

^f Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry   (Russian Federation)

^g KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

bipolarity; major depressive episode; mixed features; obesity

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE; MOOD STABILIZER; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BODY MASS; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISTRACTIBILITY; DSM-5; DSM-IV-TR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MALE; MARRIAGE; MULTICENTER STUDY; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTLESSNESS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BODY MASS INDEX; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; PSYCHOMOTOR AGITATION;

EID: 85022335693     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: 13995618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12519     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016;387:1561-1572.
2. Sole E, Garriga M, Valenti M, Vieta E. Mixed features in bipolar disorder. CNS Spectr. 2016;29:1-7.
3. Ghaemi SN, Sachs GS, Chiou AM, Pandurangi AK, Goodwin K. Is bipolar disorder still underdiagnosed? Are antidepressants overutilized? J Affect Disord. 1999;52:135-144.
4. Ghaemi SN, Boiman EE, Goodwin FK. Diagnosing bipolar disorder and the effect of antidepressants: a naturalistic study. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:804-808; quiz 9.
5. Angst J, Sellaro R, Stassen HH, Gamma A. Diagnostic conversion from depression to bipolar disorders: results of a long-term prospective study of hospital admissions. J Affect Disord. 2005;84:149-157.
6. Hirschfeld RM, Cass AR, Holt DC, Carlson CA. Screening for bipolar disorder in patients treated for depression in a family medicine clinic. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2005;18:233-239.
7. Manning JS, Haykal RF, Connor PD, Akiskal HS. On the nature of depressive and anxious states in a family practice setting: the high prevalence of bipolar II and related disorders in a cohort followed longitudinally. Compr Psychiatry. 1997;38:102-108.
8. Angst J, Gamma A, Bowden CL, et al. Evidence-based definitions of bipolar-I and bipolar-II disorders among 5,635 patients with major depressive episodes in the Bridge Study: validity and comorbidity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2013;263:663-673.
9. Angst J, Gamma A, Bowden CL, et al. Diagnostic criteria for bipolarity based on an international sample of 5,635 patients with DSM-IV major depressive episodes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012;262:3-11.
10. Angst J, Azorin JM, Bowden CL, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:791-798.
11. Barry D, Pietrzak RH, Petry NM. Gender differences in associations between body mass index and DSM-IV mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18:458-466.
12. McElroy SL, Crow S, Biernacka JM, et al. Clinical phenotype of bipolar disorder with comorbid binge eating disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;150:981-986.
13. Lasserre AM, Glaus J, Vandeleur CL, et al. Depression with atypical features and increase in obesity, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass: a prospective, population-based study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2014;71:880-888.
14. Glaus J, Vandeleur C, Gholam-Rezaee M, et al. Atypical depression and alcohol misuse are related to the cardiovascular risk in the general population. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;128:282-293.
15. Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:220-229.
16. Lojko D, Buzuk G, Owecki M, Ruchala M, Rybakowski JK. Atypical features in depression: association with obesity and bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2015;185:76-80.
17. Simon GE, Von Korff M, Saunders K, et al. Association between obesity and psychiatric disorders in the US adult population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:824-830.
18. McElroy SL, Crow S, Blom TJ, et al. Clinical features of bipolar spectrum with binge eating behaviour. J Affect Disord. 2016;201:95-98.
19. Zhao Z, Okusaga OO, Quevedo J, Soares JC, Teixeira AL. The potential association between obesity and bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2016;202:120-123.
20. Baskaran A, Cha DS, Powell AM, Jalil D, McIntyre RS. Sex differences in rates of obesity in bipolar disorder: postulated mechanisms. Bipolar Disord. 2014;16:83-92.
21. Lackner N, Bengesser SA, Birner A, et al. Abdominal obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function in euthymic bipolar individuals. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2016;17:535-546.
22. Fagiolini A, Kupfer DJ, Houck PR, Novick DM, Frank E. Obesity as a correlate of outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:112-117.
23. Vannucchi G, Toni C, Maremmani I, Perugi G. Does obesity predict bipolarity in major depressive patients? J Affect Disord. 2014;155:118-122.
24. Popovic D, Vieta E, Azorin JM, et al. Suicide attempts in major depressive episode: evidence from the BRIDGE-II-Mix study. Bipolar Disord. 2015;17:795-803.
25. Perugi G, Angst J, Azorin JM, et al. Mixed features in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76:e351-e358.
26. Perugi G, Angst J, Azorin JM, et al. Relationships between mixed features and borderline personality disorder in 2811 patients with major depressive episode. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015;. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12457.
27. Endicott J, Spitzer RL, Fleiss JL, Cohen J. The global assessment scale. A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1976;33:766-771.
28. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
29. Elmslie JL, Mann JI, Silverstone JT, Williams SM, Romans SE. Determinants of overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:486-491; quiz 92-3.
30. Faith MS, Matz PE, Jorge MA. Obesity-depression associations in the population. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:935-942.
31. Stunkard AJ, Allison KC. Two forms of disordered eating in obesity: binge eating and night eating. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;27:1-12.
32. Goldstein BI, Liu SM, Zivkovic N, Schaffer A, Chien LC, Blanco C. The burden of obesity among adults with bipolar disorder in the United States. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13:387-395.
33. Levitan RD, Davis C, Kaplan AS, Arenovich T, Phillips DI, Ravindran AV. Obesity comorbidity in unipolar major depressive disorder: refining the core phenotype. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73:1119-1124.
34. Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Lattanzi L, et al. The high prevalence of “soft” bipolar (II) features in atypical depression. Compr Psychiatry. 1998;39:63-71.
35. Angst J, Gamma A, Sellaro R, Zhang H, Merikangas K. Toward validation of atypical depression in the community: results of the Zurich cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2002;72:125-138.
36. Sutin AR, Zonderman AB. Depressive symptoms are associated with weight gain among women. Psychol Med. 2012;42:2351-2360.
37. Maina G, Salvi V, Vitalucci A, D'Ambrosio V, Bogetto F. Prevalence and correlates of overweight in drug-naive patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2008;110:149-155.
38. Fagiolini A, Frank E, Houck PR, et al. Prevalence of obesity and weight change during treatment in patients with bipolar I disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:528-533.
39. Bond DJ, Kunz M, Torres IJ, Lam RW, Yatham LN. The association of weight gain with mood symptoms and functional outcomes following a first manic episode: prospective 12-month data from the Systematic Treatment Optimization Program for Early Mania (STOP-EM). Bipolar Disord. 2010;12:616-626.
40. Gurpegui M, Martinez-Ortega JM, Gutierrez-Rojas L, Rivero J, Rojas C, Jurado D. Overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia compared with a non-psychiatric sample. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;37:169-175.
41. McElroy SL, Frye MA, Suppes T, et al. Correlates of overweight and obesity in 644 patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63:207-213.
42. Carvalho AF, Sharma MS, Brunoni AR, Vieta E, Fava GA. The safety, tolerability and risks associated with the use of newer generation antidepressant drugs: a critical review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2016;85:270-288.
43. Torrent C, Amann B, Sanchez-Moreno J, et al. Weight gain in bipolar disorder: pharmacological treatment as a contributing factor. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2008;118:4-18.
44. Henderson DC. Weight gain with atypical antipsychotics: evidence and insights. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68(Suppl 12):18-26.
45. Tseng MM, Chang CH, Liao SC, Chen HC. Comparison of associated features and drug treatment between co-occurring unipolar and bipolar disorders in depressed eating disorder patients. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:81.
46. Keck PE, McElroy SL. Bipolar disorder, obesity, and pharmacotherapy-associated weight gain. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64:1426-1435.
47. Akiskal HS, Akiskal KK, Perugi G, Toni C, Ruffolo G, Tusini G. Bipolar II and anxious reactive “comorbidity”: toward better phenotypic characterization suitable for genotyping. J Affect Disord. 2006;96:239-247.
48. Perugi G, Toni C, Travierso MC, Akiskal HS. The role of cyclothymia in atypical depression: toward a data-based reconceptualization of the borderline-bipolar II connection. J Affect Disord. 2003;73:87-98.
49. Segura-Garcia C, Caroleo M, Rania M, et al. Binge eating disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in obesity: psychopathological and eating behaviors differences according to comorbidities. J Affect Disord. 2016;208:424-430.
50. Barbuti M, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, et al. Antidepressant-induced hypomania/mania in patients with major depression: evidence from the BRIDGE-II-MIX study. J Affect Disord. 2017;219:187-192.
51. Greenberg BR, Harvey PD. Affective lability versus depression as determinants of bing eating. Addict Behav. 1987;12:357-361.
52. Vieta E, Sanchez-Moreno J. Behavioural activation training for depression. Lancet. 2017;389:367.