Watsonpaths: Scenario-based question answering and inference over unstructured information

AI Magazine

Volumn 38, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 59-76

  Lally, Adam ^h   Bagchi, Sugato ^a   Barborak, Michael A ^b   Buchanan, David W ^c   Chu Carroll, Jennifer ^h   Ferrucci, David A ^a   Glass, Michael R ^b   Kalyanpur, Aditya ^d   Mueller, Erik T ^e   Murdock, J William ^f   Patwardhan, Siddharth ^g   Prager, John M ^a  

^a IBM RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f IBM   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^h IBM Watson Group ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PATIENT TREATMENT;

GRAPHIC MODELS; MOST LIKELY; PATIENT SUMMARIES; PROBABILISTIC INFERENCE; QUESTION ANSWERING; QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEMS; SCENARIO-BASED;

DIAGNOSIS;

EID: 85021630911     PISSN: 07384602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1609/aimag.v38i2.2715     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Barnett, G. O.; Cimino, J. J.; Hupp, J. A.; and Hoffer, E. P. 1987. DXplain: An Evolving Diagnostic Decision-Support System. JAMA 258(1): 67-74. doi.org/10.1001/jama.1987. 03400010071030
2. Bowen, J. L. 2006. Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning. New England Journal of Medicine 355(21): 2217-2225. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra0547 82
3. Breiman, L. 1996. Stacked Regressions. Machine Learning 24(1): 49-64. doi.org/10. 1007/BF00117832
4. Chang, R. W.; Bordage, G.; and Connell, K. J. 1998. Cognition, Confidence, and Clinical Skills: The Importance of Early Problem Representation During Case Presentations. Academic Medicine 73(10): S109-111. doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199810000-00062
5. Cheng, P. W. 1997. From Covariation to Causation: A Causal Power Theory. Psychological Review 104(2): 367. doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.104.2.367
6. Chu-Carroll, J.; Fan, J.; Boguraev, B. K.; Carmel, D.; Sheinwald, D.; and Welty, C. 2012. Finding Needles in the Haystack: Search and Candidate Generation. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 6: 1-6: 12.
7. De Dombal, F. T.; Leaper, D. J.; Staniland, J. R.; McCann, A. P.; and Horrocks, J. C. 1972. Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Acute Ab-dominal Pain. British Medical Journal 2(5804): 9. doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5804.9
8. Ferrucci, D. 2012. Introduction to This is Watson. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 1: 1-1: 15.
9. Ferrucci, D.; Brown, E.; Chu-Carroll, J.; Fan, J.; Gondek, D.; Kalyanpur, A. A.; Lally, A.; Murdock, J. W.; Nyberg, E.; Prager, J.; Schlaefer, N.; and Welty, C. 2010. Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project. AI Magazine 31(3): 59-79. doi.org/10. 1016/j.artint.2012.06.009
10. Ferrucci, D.; Levas, A.; Bagchi, S.; Gondek, D.; and Mueller, E. T. 2013. Watson: Beyond Jeopardy! Artificial Intelligence 199-200(June-July): 93-105.
11. Goldstein, M. K.; Hoffman, B. B.; Coleman, R. W.; Tu, S. W.; Shankar, R. D.; OConnor, M.; Martins, S.; Advani, A.; and Musen, M. A. 2001. Patient Safety in Guideline-Based Decision Support for Hypertension Management: ATHENA DSS. In Proceedings of the 2001 AMIA Annual Symposium, 214-218. Bethesda, MD: American Medical Informatics Association.
12. Gondek, D. C.; Lally, A.; Kalyanpur, A.; Murdock, J. W.; Duboue, P. A.; Zhang, L.; Pan, Y.; Qiu, Z. M.; and Welty, C. 2012. A Framework for Merging and Ranking of Answers in DeepQA. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 14: 1-14: 12.
13. Kawamoto, K.; Houlihan, C. A.; Balas, E. A.; and Lobach, D. F. 2005. Improving Clinical Practice Using Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Systematic Review of Trials to Identify Features Critical to Success. British Medical Journal 330(7494): 765-72. dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38398.500764.8F
14. Lafferty, J.; McCallum, A.; and Pereira, F. C. N. 2001. Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Machine Learning 2001 (ICML 2001), 282-289. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
15. Lally, A.; Prager, J. M.; McCord, M. C.; Boguraev, B. K.; Patwardhan, S.; Fan, J.; Fodor, P.; and Chu-Carroll, J. 2012. Question Analysis: How Watson Reads a Clue. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 2: 1-2: 14.
16. McCord, M. C.; Murdock, J. W.; and Boguraev, B. K. 2012. Deep Parsing in Watson. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 3: 1-3: 15.
17. Miller, R. A.; McNeil, M. A.; Challinor, S. M.; Masarie, Jr, F. E.; and Myers, J. D. 1986. The Internist-1/Quick Medical Reference Project-Status Report. Western Journal of Medicine 145(6): 816.
18. Murdock, J. W.; Fan, J.; Lally, A.; Shima, H.; and Boguraev, B. K. 2012a. Textual Evidence Gathering and Analysis. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 8: 1-8: 14.
19. Murdock, J. W.; Kalyanpur, A.; Welty, C.; Fan, J.; Ferrucci, D.; Gondek, D. C.; Zhang, L.; and Kanayama, H. 2012b. Typing Candidate Answers Using Type Coercion. IBM Journal of Research and Development 56(3/4): 7: 1-7: 13.
20. Musen, M. A.; Middleton, B.; and Greenes, R. A. 2014. Clinical Decision-Support Systems. In Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine, ed. E. H. Shortliffe and J. J. Cimino, 643-674. Berlin: Springer. doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4474-8-22
21. National Library of Medicine (US) 2009) UMLS Reference Manual. Bethesda, MD: National Library of Medicine (US), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9676/.
22. Nelder, J. A., and Mead, R. 1965. A Simplex Method for Function Minimization. Computer Journal 7(4): 308-313. doi.org/10. 1093/comjnl/7.4.308
23. Osheroff, J. A.; Teich, J. M.; Middleton, B.; Steen, E. B.; Wright, A.; and Detmer, D. E. 2007. A Roadmap for National Action on Clinical Decision Support. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 14(2): 141-145. doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2334
24. Pearl, J. 1988. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.
25. Prager, J. M.; Chu-Carroll, J.; and Czuba, K. 2004. Question Answering Using Constraint Satisfaction: QA-by-Dossier-with