메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 493-516

Prosocial Behaviors of Black Adolescent Boys: An Application of a Sociopolitical Development Theory

Author keywords

Black boys positive development; oppression analysis; prosocial behavior; sociopolitical development theory

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; CHILD; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; SKILL; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85020817848     PISSN: 00957984     EISSN: 15524558     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0095798416652021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (56)
  • 1
    • 73349108081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The construction of Black high-achiever identities in a predominantly White high school
    • Andrews D. C., (2009). The construction of Black high-achiever identities in a predominantly White high school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 40, 297-317. doi:10.1111/j.1548-1492.2009.01046.x
    • (2009) Anthropology & Education Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 297-317
    • Andrews, D.C.1
  • 2
    • 84886743709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black achievers’ experiences with racial spotlighting and ignoring in a predominantly White high school
    • Andrews D. C., (2012). Black achievers’ experiences with racial spotlighting and ignoring in a predominantly White high school. Teachers College Record, 114(10), 1-46.
    • (2012) Teachers College Record , vol.114 , Issue.10 , pp. 1-46
    • Andrews, D.C.1
  • 4
    • 79960060302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is likely to help and hurt? Profiles of African American adolescents with prosocial and aggressive behavior
    • Belgrave F. Z., Nguyen A. B., Johnson J. L., Hood K., (2011). Who is likely to help and hurt? Profiles of African American adolescents with prosocial and aggressive behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1012-1024. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9608-4
    • (2011) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.40 , pp. 1012-1024
    • Belgrave, F.Z.1    Nguyen, A.B.2    Johnson, J.L.3    Hood, K.4
  • 5
    • 43949125872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender matters, too: The influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents
    • Chavous T. M., Rivas D., Smalls C., Griffin T., Cogburn C., (2008). Gender matters, too: The influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 44, 637-654. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.637
    • (2008) Developmental Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 637-654
    • Chavous, T.M.1    Rivas, D.2    Smalls, C.3    Griffin, T.4    Cogburn, C.5
  • 6
    • 0002987876 scopus 로고
    • Peer group behavior and social status
    • Asher, Coie, (eds), New York, NY, Cambridge University Press,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Coie J. D., Dodge K. A., Kupersmidt J. B., (1990). Peer group behavior and social status. In Asher S. R., Coie J. D., (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood (pp. 17-59). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1990) Peer rejection in childhood , pp. 17-59
    • Coie, J.D.1    Dodge, K.A.2    Kupersmidt, J.B.3
  • 7
    • 58749103672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School and parental influences on sociopolitical development among poor adolescents of color
    • Diemer M. A., Hsieh C., Pan T., (2009). School and parental influences on sociopolitical development among poor adolescents of color. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 317-344. doi:10.1177/0011000008315971
    • (2009) The Counseling Psychologist , vol.37 , pp. 317-344
    • Diemer, M.A.1    Hsieh, C.2    Pan, T.3
  • 8
    • 33748423521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African-American adolescents
    • Eccles J. S., Wong C. A., Peck S. C., (2006). Ethnicity as a social context for the development of African-American adolescents. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 407-426. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2006.04.001
    • (2006) Journal of School Psychology , vol.44 , pp. 407-426
    • Eccles, J.S.1    Wong, C.A.2    Peck, S.C.3
  • 9
    • 84865303438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization as a mechanism for positive development among African American youth
    • Evans A. B., Banerjee M., Meyer R., Aldana A., Foust M., Rowley S., (2012). Racial socialization as a mechanism for positive development among African American youth. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 251-257. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00226.x
    • (2012) Child Development Perspectives , vol.6 , pp. 251-257
    • Evans, A.B.1    Banerjee, M.2    Meyer, R.3    Aldana, A.4    Foust, M.5    Rowley, S.6
  • 12
    • 84949782710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volunteerism, leadership, political socialization, and civic engagement
    • Lerner, Steinberg, (eds), 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley,. In, (Eds.)
    • Flanagan C. A., (2004). Volunteerism, leadership, political socialization, and civic engagement. In Lerner R. M., Steinberg L., (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed., pp. 721-745). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
    • (2004) Handbook of adolescent psychology , pp. 721-745
    • Flanagan, C.A.1
  • 13
    • 84897469954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engaging residents in community change: The critical role of trust in the development of a Promise Neighborhood
    • Geller J. D., Doykos B., Craven K., Bess K. D., Nation M., (2014). Engaging residents in community change: The critical role of trust in the development of a Promise Neighborhood. Teachers College Record, 116(4), 1-42. doi:10.5422/fordham/9780823268795.003.0007
    • (2014) Teachers College Record , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-42
    • Geller, J.D.1    Doykos, B.2    Craven, K.3    Bess, K.D.4    Nation, M.5
  • 14
    • 33645680955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates
    • Greene M. L., Way N., Pahl K., (2006). Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents: patterns and psychological correlates. Developmental Psychology, 42, 218. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.218
    • (2006) Developmental Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 218
    • Greene, M.L.1    Way, N.2    Pahl, K.3
  • 16
    • 84906060619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of sociopolitical attitudes and civic education in the civic engagement of Black youth
    • Hope E., Jagers R., (2014). The role of sociopolitical attitudes and civic education in the civic engagement of Black youth. Journal of Research on Adolescents, 24, 460-470. doi:10.1111/jora.12117
    • (2014) Journal of Research on Adolescents , vol.24 , pp. 460-470
    • Hope, E.1    Jagers, R.2
  • 18
    • 33748770347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study
    • Hughes D., Rodriguez J., Smith E. P., Johnson D. J., Stevenson H. C., Spicer P., (2006). Parents’ ethnic-racial socialization practices: A review of research and directions for future study. Developmental Psychology, 42, 747-770. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.747
    • (2006) Developmental Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 747-770
    • Hughes, D.1    Rodriguez, J.2    Smith, E.P.3    Johnson, D.J.4    Stevenson, H.C.5    Spicer, P.6
  • 19
    • 65649098066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture: A possible predictor of morality for African American adolescents
    • Humphries M. L., Jagers R. J., (2009). Culture: A possible predictor of morality for African American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19, 205-215. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00590.x
    • (2009) Journal of Research on Adolescence , vol.19 , pp. 205-215
    • Humphries, M.L.1    Jagers, R.J.2
  • 20
    • 84990353568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of moral reasoning among African American children: A preliminary study
    • Humphries M. L., Parker B. L., Jagers R. J., (2000). Predictors of moral reasoning among African American children: A preliminary study. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 51-64. doi:10.1177/0095798400026001003
    • (2000) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 51-64
    • Humphries, M.L.1    Parker, B.L.2    Jagers, R.J.3
  • 21
    • 84934892421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of classroom-based social emotional learning programs at the middle school level
    • Dak, Gullotta, Domitrovich, Goren, Weissberg, (eds), New York, NY, Guilford,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Jagers R., Harris A. R., Skoog A. B., (2015). A review of classroom-based social emotional learning programs at the middle school level. In Durlak J. A., Gullotta T., Domitrovich C. E., Goren P., Weissberg R. P., (Eds.), The handbook of social and emotional learning (pp. 167-180). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2015) The handbook of social and emotional learning , pp. 167-180
    • Jagers, R.1    Harris, A.R.2    Skoog, A.B.3
  • 22
    • 84865290197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Youth organizing as a developmental context for African American and Latino adolescents
    • Kirshner B., Ginwright S., (2012). Youth organizing as a developmental context for African American and Latino adolescents. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 288-294. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00243.x
    • (2012) Child Development Perspectives , vol.6 , pp. 288-294
    • Kirshner, B.1    Ginwright, S.2
  • 23
    • 42049114146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development
    • Lerner, Damon, (eds), Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Lerner R. M., (2006). Developmental science, developmental systems, and contemporary theories of human development. In Lerner R. M., Damon W., (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 1-17). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
    • (2006) Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development , pp. 1-17
    • Lerner, R.M.1
  • 25
    • 22644452387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of resilient outcomes among highly stressed African-American and White urban children
    • Magnus K. B., Cowen E. L., Wyman P. A., Fagen D. B., Work W. C., (1999). Correlates of resilient outcomes among highly stressed African-American and White urban children. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 473-488. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199907)27:4<473::AID-JCOP8>3.0.CO;2-8
    • (1999) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 473-488
    • Magnus, K.B.1    Cowen, E.L.2    Wyman, P.A.3    Fagen, D.B.4    Work, W.C.5
  • 26
    • 33744969540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding prosocial behavior: The impact of empathy and gender among African American adolescents
    • McMahon S. D., Wernsman J., Parnes A. L., (2006). Understanding prosocial behavior: The impact of empathy and gender among African American adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 135-137. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.008
    • (2006) Journal of Adolescent Health , vol.39 , pp. 135-137
    • McMahon, S.D.1    Wernsman, J.2    Parnes, A.L.3
  • 27
    • 0141917857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosocial development in context
    • Bohart, Stipek, (eds), Washington, DC, American Psychological Association,. In, (Eds.)
    • Mussen P., Eisenberg N., (2001). Prosocial development in context. In Bohart A. C., Stipek D. J., (Eds.), Constructive & destructive behavior: Implications for family, school, & society (pp. 103-126). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10433-005
    • (2001) Constructive & destructive behavior: Implications for family, school, & society , pp. 103-126
    • Mussen, P.1    Eisenberg, N.2
  • 28
    • 58149510310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial socialization and racial identity: African American parents’ messages about race as precursors to identity
    • Neblett E. J., Smalls C. P., Ford K. R., Nguyen H. X., Sellers R. M., (2009). Racial socialization and racial identity: African American parents’ messages about race as precursors to identity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 189-203. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9359-7
    • (2009) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.38 , pp. 189-203
    • Neblett, E.J.1    Smalls, C.P.2    Ford, K.R.3    Nguyen, H.X.4    Sellers, R.M.5
  • 29
    • 80054069978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy and drug use behaviors among African-American adolescents
    • Nguyen A. B., Clark T. T., Belgrave F. Z., (2011). Empathy and drug use behaviors among African-American adolescents. Journal of Drug Education, 41, 289-308.
    • (2011) Journal of Drug Education , vol.41 , pp. 289-308
    • Nguyen, A.B.1    Clark, T.T.2    Belgrave, F.Z.3
  • 30
    • 0042161213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trouble with Black boys: The role and influence of environmental and cultural factors on the academic performance of African American males
    • Noguera P. A., (2003). The trouble with Black boys: The role and influence of environmental and cultural factors on the academic performance of African American males. Urban Education, 38, 431-459. doi:10.1177/0042085903038004005
    • (2003) Urban Education , vol.38 , pp. 431-459
    • Noguera, P.A.1
  • 31
  • 32
    • 84965520988 scopus 로고
    • The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups
    • Phinney J. S., (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176. doi:10.1177/074355489272003
    • (1992) Journal of Adolescent Research , vol.7 , pp. 156-176
    • Phinney, J.S.1
  • 33
    • 2542643103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school
    • Rosenbloom S. R., Way N., (2004). Experiences of discrimination among African American, Asian American, and Latino adolescents in an urban high school. Youth & Society, 35, 420-451. doi:10.1177/0044118x03261479
    • (2004) Youth & Society , vol.35 , pp. 420-451
    • Rosenbloom, S.R.1    Way, N.2
  • 34
    • 34547301106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A person-centered approach to African-American gender differences in racial ideology
    • Rowley S. J., Chavous T. M., Cooke D. Y., (2003). A person-centered approach to African-American gender differences in racial ideology. Self and Identity, 2, 287-306. doi:10.1080/714050249
    • (2003) Self and Identity, 2 , pp. 287-306
    • Rowley, S.J.1    Chavous, T.M.2    Cooke, D.Y.3
  • 36
    • 57349187657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A measure of racial identity in African American adolescents: The development of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity–Teen
    • Scottham K. M., Sellers R. M., Nguyen H. X., (2008). A measure of racial identity in African American adolescents: The development of the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity–Teen. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14, 297-306.
    • (2008) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 297-306
    • Scottham, K.M.1    Sellers, R.M.2    Nguyen, H.X.3
  • 37
    • 21944442573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity
    • Sellers R. M., Smith M., Shelton J. N., Rowley S., Chavous T. M., (1998). The multidimensional model of racial identity: A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(1), 18-39. doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_2
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-39
    • Sellers, R.M.1    Smith, M.2    Shelton, J.N.3    Rowley, S.4    Chavous, T.M.5
  • 38
    • 34547310604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial ideological beliefs and racial discrimination experiences as predictors of academic engagement among African American adolescents
    • Smalls C., White R., Chavous T., Sellers R., (2007). Racial ideological beliefs and racial discrimination experiences as predictors of academic engagement among African American adolescents. Journal of Black Psychology, 33, 299-330. doi:10.1177/0095798407302541
    • (2007) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 299-330
    • Smalls, C.1    White, R.2    Chavous, T.3    Sellers, R.4
  • 39
    • 0002022518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A six-district study of educational change: Direct and mediated effects of the child development project
    • Solomon D., Battistich V., Watson M., Schaps E., Lewis C., (2000). A six-district study of educational change: Direct and mediated effects of the child development project. Social Psychology of Education, 4(1), 3-51. doi:10.1023/A:1009609606692
    • (2000) Social Psychology of Education , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-51
    • Solomon, D.1    Battistich, V.2    Watson, M.3    Schaps, E.4    Lewis, C.5
  • 40
    • 65549159897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic socialization mediates perceived racism and the racial identity of African American adolescents
    • Stevenson H. C., Arrington E. G., (2009). Racial/ethnic socialization mediates perceived racism and the racial identity of African American adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 15, 125-136. doi:10.1037/a0015500
    • (2009) Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , vol.15 , pp. 125-136
    • Stevenson, H.C.1    Arrington, E.G.2
  • 41
    • 0042739422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Black males’ structural conditions, achievement patterns, normative needs, and “opportunities
    • Swanson D. P., Cunningham M., Spencer M. B., (2003). Black males’ structural conditions, achievement patterns, normative needs, and “opportunities.” Urban Education, 38, 608-633. doi:10.1177/004208590325621
    • (2003) Urban Education , vol.38 , pp. 608-633
    • Swanson, D.P.1    Cunningham, M.2    Spencer, M.B.3
  • 43
    • 85020779627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrieved from
    • U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Quick facts: Table. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/00
    • (2010) Quick facts: Table
  • 44
    • 84895189852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes
    • Van der Graaff J., Branje S., De Wied M., Hawk S., Van Lier P., Meeus W., (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental Psychology, 50, 881-888. doi:10.1037/a0034325
    • (2014) Developmental Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 881-888
    • Van der Graaff, J.1    Branje, S.2    De Wied, M.3    Hawk, S.4    Van Lier, P.5    Meeus, W.6
  • 45
    • 84891512068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextualizing the “behavior gap”: Student prosocial behavior and racial composition in urban middle schools
    • Voight A. M., Geller J. D., Nation M., (2014). Contextualizing the “behavior gap”: Student prosocial behavior and racial composition in urban middle schools. Journal of Early Adolescence, 34, 157-177.
    • (2014) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.34 , pp. 157-177
    • Voight, A.M.1    Geller, J.D.2    Nation, M.3
  • 46
    • 84860147404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions
    • Flanagan, Christens, (eds), San Francisco, CA, Josey-Bass,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Watts R. J., Diemer M. A., Voight A. M., (2011). Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions. In Flanagan C. A., Christens B. D., (Eds.), Youth civic development: Work at the cutting edge (pp. 43-57). San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.
    • (2011) Youth civic development: Work at the cutting edge , pp. 43-57
    • Watts, R.J.1    Diemer, M.A.2    Voight, A.M.3
  • 47
    • 34547553370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective
    • Watts R. J., Flanagan C. A., (2007). Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 779-792. doi:10.1002/jcop.20178
    • (2007) Journal of Community Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 779-792
    • Watts, R.J.1    Flanagan, C.A.2
  • 50
    • 85020801579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competence within context: Implications for the development of positive student identities and motivation at school
    • Guay, Marsh, McInerney, Craven, Guay, Marsh, … Craven, (eds), Charlotte, NC, US, IAP Information Age Publishing,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Wentzel K. R., (2015). Competence within context: Implications for the development of positive student identities and motivation at school. In Guay F., Marsh H., McInerney D. M., Craven R. G., Guay F., Marsh H., … Craven R. G., (Eds.), Self-concept, motivation and identity: Underpinning success with research and practice (pp. 299-337). Charlotte, NC, US: IAP Information Age Publishing.
    • (2015) Self-concept, motivation and identity: Underpinning success with research and practice , pp. 299-337
    • Wentzel, K.R.1
  • 51
    • 34248669579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent prosocial behavior: The role of self- processes and contextual cues
    • Wentzel K. R., Filisetti L., Looney L., (2007). Adolescent prosocial behavior: The role of self- processes and contextual cues. Child Development, 78, 895-910. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01039.x
    • (2007) Child Development , vol.78 , pp. 895-910
    • Wentzel, K.R.1    Filisetti, L.2    Looney, L.3
  • 52
    • 2442560013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy
    • Westheimer J., Kahne J., (2004). What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41, 237-269. doi:10.3102/00028312041002237
    • (2004) American Educational Research Journal , vol.41 , pp. 237-269
    • Westheimer, J.1    Kahne, J.2
  • 53
    • 84945491796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social and emotional learning: Past, present and future
    • Dak, Gullotta, Domitrovich, Weissberg, (eds), New York, NY, Guilford,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Weissberg R. P., Durlak J. A., Domitrovich C. E., Gullotta T. P., (2015). Social and emotional learning: Past, present and future. In Durlak J. A., Gullotta T., Domitrovich C. E., Weissberg R. P., (Eds.), The handbook of social and emotional learning (pp. 3-19). New York, NY: Guilford.
    • (2015) The handbook of social and emotional learning , pp. 3-19
    • Weissberg, R.P.1    Durlak, J.A.2    Domitrovich, C.E.3    Gullotta, T.P.4
  • 54
    • 84863457977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosocial involvement among African American young adults: Considering racial discrimination and racial identity
    • White-Johnson R., (2012). Prosocial involvement among African American young adults: Considering racial discrimination and racial identity. Journal of Black Psychology, 38, 313-341. doi:10.1177/0095798411420429
    • (2012) Journal of Black Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 313-341
    • White-Johnson, R.1
  • 55
    • 0344719419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment
    • Wong C. A., Eccles J. S., Sameroff A., (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71, 1197-1232. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.7106012
    • (2003) Journal of Personality , vol.71 , pp. 1197-1232
    • Wong, C.A.1    Eccles, J.S.2    Sameroff, A.3
  • 56
    • 84893391228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forty years of Cross’ Nigresence theory: From stages to profiles, from African Americans to all Americans
    • Sullivan, Esmail, (eds), Lanham, MD, Lexington,. In, (Eds.), (
    • Worrell F., (2012). Forty years of Cross’ Nigresence theory: From stages to profiles, from African Americans to all Americans. In Sullivan J. M., Esmail A.M., (Eds.), African American identity: Racial and cultural dimensions of the Black experience (pp. 3-28). Lanham, MD: Lexington.
    • (2012) African American identity: Racial and cultural dimensions of the Black experience , pp. 3-28
    • Worrell, F.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.