Characteristics of depression among offspring at high and low familial risk of bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorders

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2017, Pages 344-352

  Diler, Rasim Somer ^a   Goldstein, Tina R ^a   Hafeman, Danella ^a   Rooks, Brian Thomas ^a   Sakolsky, Dara ^a   Goldstein, Benjamin I ^b   Monk, Kelly ^a   Hickey, Mary Beth ^a   Axelson, David ^c   Iyengar, Satish ^d   Birmaher, Boris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c NATIONWIDE CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

atypical symptoms; bipolar offspring; depression; mixed features; subsyndromal manic symptoms

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL DEPRESSION; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD HEALTH; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; DEPRESSION ASSESSMENT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; FAMILIAL DISEASE; FEMALE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPERSOMNIA; LOW RISK POPULATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MANIA; MIXED MANIA AND DEPRESSION; MOOD DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; SCHEDULE FOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUBSYNDROMAL MANIC SYMPTOM; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; ADULT; CHILD OF IMPAIRED PARENTS; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HEALTH; PARENT; PROCEDURES; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CHILD; CHILD OF IMPAIRED PARENTS; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FAMILY HEALTH; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PARENTS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SYMPTOM ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 85020751779     PISSN: 13985647     EISSN: 13995618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12508     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Brent DA, Birmaher B. Treatment-resistant depression in adolescents: recognition and management. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2006;15:1015-1034.
2. Jonsson U, Bohman H, von Knorring L, Olsson G, Paaren A, von Knorring AL. Mental health outcome of long-term and episodic adolescent depression: 15-year follow-up of a community sample. J Affect Disord. 2011;130:395-404.
3. Wilkinson P, Kelvin R, Roberts C, Dubicka B, Goodyer I. Clinical and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in the Adolescent Depression Antidepressants and Psychotherapy Trial (ADAPT). Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:495-501.
4. Birmaher B, Axelson D, Strober M, et al. Clinical course of children and adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:175-183.
5. Geller B, Tillman R, Craney JL, Bolhofner K. Four-year prospective outcome and natural history of mania in children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:459-467.
6. Duffy A, Alda M, Hajek T, Sherry SB, Grof P. Early stages in the development of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2010;121:127-135.
7. Strober M, Carlson G. Bipolar illness in adolescents with major depression: clinical, genetic, and psychopharmacologic predictors in a three- to four-year prospective follow-up investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:549-555.
8. Geller B, Fox LW, Clark KA. Rate and predictors of prepubertal bipolarity during follow-up of 6- to 12-year-old depressed children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33:461-468.
9. Akiskal HS, Downs J, Jordan P, Watson S, Daugherty D, Pruitt DB. Affective disorders in referred children and younger siblings of manic-depressives. Mode of onset and prospective course. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42:996-1003.
10. Diler RS, Birmaher B, Axelson D, et al. Dimensional psychopathology in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13:670-678.
11. Axelson D, Goldstein B, Goldstein T, et al. Diagnostic precursors to bipolar disorder in offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172:638-646.
12. Hafeman DM, Merranko J, Axelson D, et al. Toward the definition of a bipolar prodrome: dimensional predictors of bipolar spectrum disorders in at-risk youths. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173:695-704.
13. Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression, 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007.
14. Birmaher B, Axelson D, Pavaluri M. Bipolar Disorder. In: Martin A, Volkmar FR, Lewis M, eds. Lewis’ Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive Textbook, 4th edn. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (LWW); 2007:513-528.
15. DelBello MP, Hanseman D, Adler CM, Fleck DE, Strakowski SM. Twelve-month outcome of adolescents with bipolar disorder following first hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode.[see comment]. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;00:1-9.
16. Duffy A, Alda M, Crawford L, Milin R, Grof P. The early manifestations of bipolar disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents. Bipolar Disord. 2007;9:828-838.
17. Bowden CL. A different depression: clinical distinctions between bipolar and unipolar depression. J Affect Disord. 2005;84:117-125.
18. Benazzi F. Depression with DSM-IV atypical features: a marker for bipolar II disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;250:53-55.
19. DePue RA, Monroe SM. The uniplar-bipolar distinction in the depressive episodes. Psychol Bull. 1978;85:1001-1029.
20. Reinares M, Vieta E. Course and outcome patterns of depression: from unipolar episode to bipolar disorder. Medicographia. 2011;2011:145-150.
21. Singh MK, Chang KD, Kelley RG, et al. Reward processing in adolescents with bipolar I disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013;52:68-83.
22. Frankland A, Cerrillo E, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, et al. Comparing the phenomenology of depressive episodes in bipolar I and II disorder and major depressive disorder within bipolar disorder pedigrees. J Clin Psychiatry. 2015;76:32-39.
23. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F. Atypical depression: a variant of bipolar II or a bridge between unipolar and bipolar II? J Affect Disord. 2005;84:209-217.
24. Xiang YT, Zhang L, Wang G, et al. Sociodemographic and clinical features of bipolar disorder patients misdiagnosed with major depressive disorder in China. Bipolar Disord. 2013;15:199-205.
25. Williamson DE, Birmaher B, Brent DA, Balach L, Dahl RE, Ryan ND. Atypical symptoms of depression in a sample of depressed child and adolescent outpatients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000;39:1253-1259.
26. Shon SH, Joo Y, Park J, Youngstrom EA, Kim HW. Comparison of clinical characteristics of bipolar and depressive disorders in Korean clinical sample of youth: a retrospective chart review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;23:307-316.
27. Cuellar AK, Johnson SL, Winters R. Distinctions between bipolar and unipolar depression. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005;25:307-339.
28. Leonpacher AK, Liebers D, Pirooznia M, et al. Distinguishing bipolar from unipolar depression: the importance of clinical symptoms and illness features. Psychol Med. 2015;45:2437-2446.
29. Miller S, Suppes T, Mintz J, et al. Mixed depression in bipolar disorder: prevalence rate and clinical correlates during naturalistic follow-up in the stanley bipolar network. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173:1015-1023.
30. Balazs J, Benazzi F, Rihmer Z, Rihmer A, Akiskal KK, Akiskal HS. The close link between suicide attempts and mixed (bipolar) depression: implications for suicide prevention. J Affect Disord. 2006;91:133-138.
31. Benazzi F, Akiskal H. Irritable-hostile depression: further validation as a bipolar depressive mixed state. J Affect Disord. 2005;84:197-207.
32. Akiskal HS, Benazzi F. Validating Kraepelin's two types of depressive mixed states: “depression with flight of ideas” and “excited depression”. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2004;5:107-113.
33. Angst J, Cui L, Swendsen J, et al. Major depressive disorder with subthreshold bipolarity in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167:1194-1201.
34. Hoertel N, Le Strat Y, Angst J, Dubertret C. Subthreshold bipolar disorder in a U.S. national representative sample: prevalence, correlates and perspectives for psychiatric nosography. J Affect Disord. 2013;146:338-347.
35. APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition, DSM 5). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
36. Maalouf FT, Porta G, Vitiello B, et al. Do sub-syndromal manic symptoms influence outcome in treatment resistant depression in adolescents? A latent class analysis from the TORDIA study. J Affect Disord. 2012;138:86-95.
37. Birmaher B, Axelson D, Monk K, et al. Lifetime psychiatric disorders in school-aged offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: the Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:287-296.
38. Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, et al. Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36:980-988.
39. APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2004.
40. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Gibbon M, et al. The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). I: history, rationale, and description. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:624-629.
41. Hollingshead AB. Four-Factor Index of Social Status. New Haven CT: Yale University, Department of Sociology; 1975.
42. Andreasen NC, Endicott J, Spitzer RL, et al. The family history method using diagnostic criteria. Reliability and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977;34:1229-1235.
43. Axelson D, Birmaher BJ, Brent D, et al. A preliminary study of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children mania rating scale for children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2003;13:463-470.
44. Firth D. Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika. 1993;80:27-38.
45. Benjamini Y, Yekutieli D. Quantitative trait Loci analysis using the false discovery rate. Genetics. 2005;171:783-790.
46. Novick JS, Stewart JW, Wisniewski SR, et al. Clinical and demographic features of atypical depression in outpatients with major depressive disorder: preliminary findings from STAR*D. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:1002-1011.
47. Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, Rabkin JG, Quitkin FM. Atypical depression. A valid clinical entity? Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1993;16:479-495.
48. Quitkin FM, Stewart JW, McGrath PJ, et al. Columbia atypical depression. A subgroup of depressives with better response to MAOI than to tricyclic antidepressants or placebo. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1993;21:30-34.
49. Woo YS, Shim IH, Wang HR, Song HR, Jun TY, Bahk WM. A diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorder predicts diagnostic conversion from unipolar depression to bipolar disorder: a 5-year retrospective study. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:83-88.
50. Beesdo K, Hofler M, Leibenluft E, Lieb R, Bauer M, Pfennig A. Mood episodes and mood disorders: patterns of incidence and conversion in the first three decades of life. Bipolar Disord. 2009;11:637-649.
51. Nurnberger JI Jr, McInnis M, Reich W, et al. A high-risk study of bipolar disorder. Childhood clinical phenotypes as precursors of major mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1012-1020.
52. Klimes-Dougan B, Ronsaville D, Wiggs EA, Martinez PE. Neuropsychological functioning in adolescent children of mothers with a history of bipolar or major depressive disorders. Biol Psychiat. 2006;60:957-965.
53. Ladouceur CD, Almeida JRC, Birmaher B, et al. Subcortical gray matter volume abnormalities in healthy bipolar offspring: potential neuroanatomical risk marker for bipolar disorder?. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008;47:532-539.
54. Goldberg JF, Perlis RH, Bowden CL, et al. Manic symptoms during depressive episodes in 1,380 patients with bipolar disorder: findings from the STEP-BD. Am J Psychiatry. 2009;166:173-181.
55. Karchemskiy A, Garrett A, Howe M, et al. Amygdalar, hippocampal, and thalamic volumes in youth at high risk for development of bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2011;194:319-325.
56. Chang K, Karchemskiy A, Barnea-Goraly N, Garrett A, Simeonova DI, Reiss A. Reduced amygdalar gray matter volume in familial pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;44:565-573.
57. Schneider MR, Delbello MP, McNamara RK, Strakowski SM, Adler CM. Neuroprogression in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2012;14:356-374.
58. Goldberg JF, Perlis RH, Ghaemi SN, et al. Adjunctive antidepressant use and symptomatic recovery among bipolar depressed patients with concomitant manic symptoms: findings from the STEP-BD. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1348-1355.
59. Thase ME. Bipolar depression: diagnostic and treatment considerations. Dev Psychopathol. 2006;18:1213-1230.