Pharmacokinetic profile of oral cannabis in humans: Blood and oral fluid disposition and relation to pharmacodynamic outcomes

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2017, Pages 83-99

  Vandrey, Ryan ^a   Herrmann, Evan S ^b   Mitchell, John M ^c   Bigelow, George E ^a   Flegel, Ronald ^d   LoDico, Charles ^d   Cone, Edward J ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c RTI INTERNATIONAL   (United States)

^d SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

11 HYDROXYDRONABINOL; CANNABINOID; CANNABIS; DRONABINOL; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLIC ACID;

ADULT; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; BODY FLUID; CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISPOSITION; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; MALE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MOUTH; NORMAL HUMAN; ORAL FLUID; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS; VOMITING; METABOLISM; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PROCEDURES; SALIVA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; CANNABINOIDS; CANNABIS; DRONABINOL; HUMANS; SALIVA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE DETECTION;

EID: 85019600104     PISSN: 01464760     EISSN: 19452403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkx012     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. WHO, W. H. O World Drug Report. World Health Organization: Vienna, Austria, 2015.
2. Grella, C. E., Rodriguez, L., Kim, T. (2014) Patterns of medical marijuana use among individuals sampled from medical marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 46, 263-272.
3. Walsh, Z., Callaway, R., Belle-Isle, L., Capler, R., Kay, R., Lucas, P. et al. (2013) Cannabis for therapeutic purposes: patient characteristics, access, and reasons for use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24, 511-6.
4. Weiss, S. (2015) Edibles: for experts only. State Legislatures Magazine.
5. Hudak, M., Severn, D., Nordstrom, K. (2015) Edible cannabis-induced psychosis: intoxication and beyond. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 911-912.
6. Favrat, B., Menetrey, A., Augsburger, M., Rothuizen, L. E., Appenzeller, M., Buclin, T. et al. (2005) Two cases of 'cannabis acute psychosis' following the administration of oral cannabis. BMC Psychiatry, 5, 17.
7. Vandrey, R., Raber, J. C., Raber, M. E., Douglass, B., Miller, C., Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2015) Cannabinoid dose and label accuracy in edible medical cannabis products. Journal of the American Medical Association, 313, 2491-2493.
8. Cone, E. J., Johnson, R. E., Paul, B. D., Mell, L. D., Mitchell, J. (1988) Marijuana-laced brownies: behavioral effects, physiological effects, and urinalysis in humans following ingestion. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 12, 169-175.
9. Niedbala, R. S., Kardos, K. W., Fritch, D. F., Kardos, S., Fries, T., Waga, J. (2001) Detection of marijuana use by oral fluid and urine analysis following single-dose administration of smoked and oral marijuana. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 25, 289-303.
10. Swortwood, M. J., Newmeyer, M. N., Andersson, M., Abulseoud, O. A., Scheidweiler, K. B., Huestis, M. A. (2016). Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration. Drug testing and analysis. doi:10.1002/dta.2092
11. Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B. Timeline follow-back: a technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. In: Allen, J. P., Litten, R. Z. (eds). Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Methods. Human Press: Totowa, NJ, 1992; pp. 41-72.
12. Coulter, C., Miller, E., Crompton, K., Moore, C. (2008) Tetrahydrocannabinol and two of its metabolites in whole blood using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 32, 653-658.
13. Hooker, W. D., Jones, R. T. (1987) Increased susceptibility to memory intrusions and the Stroop interference effect during acute marijuana intoxication. Psychophamacologia, 91, 20-24.
14. Wilson, W. H., Ellinwood, E. H., Mathew, R. J., Johnson, K. (1994) Effects of marijuana on performance of a computerized cognitiveneuromotor test battery. Psychiatry Research, 51, 115-125.
15. Vandrey, R. G., Mintzer, M. Z. Performance and cognitive alterations. In: Cohen, L., Collins, F. L., Young, A. M., McChargue, D. E., Leffingwell, T. R. (eds). Pharmacology and Treatment of Substance Abuse Using Evidence and Outcomes Based Perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.: Mahwah, 2009.
16. McLeod, D. R., Griffiths, R. R., Bigelow, G. E., Yingling, J. (1982) An automated version of the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 14, 463-466.
17. Kleykamp, B. A., Griffiths, R. R., Mintzer, M. Z. (2010) Dose effects of triazolam and alcohol on cognitive performance in healthy volunteers. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 1-16.
18. Herrmann, E. S., Cone, E. J., Mitchell, J. M., Bigelow, G. E., LoDico, C., Flegel, R. et al. (2015) Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke II: effect of room ventilation on the physiological, subjective, and behavioral/cognitive effects. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 151, 194-202.
19. Bland, J. M., Altman, D. G. (1995) Calculating correlation coefficients with repeated observations: Part 1-correlation within subjects. British Medical Journal, 310, 446.
20. Hartman, R. L., Huestis, M. A. (2013) Cannabis effects on driving skills. Clinical Chemistry, 59, 478-92.
21. Fabritius, M., Chtioui, H., Battistella, G., Annoni, J. M., Dao, K., Favrat, B. et al. (2013) Comparison of cannabinoid concentrations in oral fluid and whole blood between occasional and regular cannabis smokers prior to and after smoking a cannabis joint. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405, 9791-803.
22. Schwope, D. M., Bosker, W. M., Ramaekers, J. G., Gorelick, D. A., Huestis, M. A. (2012) Psychomotor performance, subjective and physiological effects and whole blood Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in heavy, chronic cannabis smokers following acute smoked cannabis. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 36, 405-12.
23. Favrat, B., Menetrey, A., Augsburger, M., Rothuizen, L., Appenzeller, M., Buclin, T. et al. (2005) Two cases of 'cannabis acute psychosis' following the administration of oral cannabis. BMC Psychiatry, 5, 17.
24. Menetrey, A., Augsburger, M., Favrat, B., Pin, M. A., Rothuizen, L. E., Appenzeller, M. et al. (2005) Assessment of driving capability through the use of clinical and psychomotor tests in relation to blood cannabinoids levels following oral administration of 20mg dronabinol or of a cannabis decoction made with 20 or 60 mg Delta9-THC. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 29, 327-338.
25. Hollister, L. E., Gillespie, H. K., Ohlsson, A., Lindgren, J. E., Wahlen, A., Agurell, S. (1981) Do plasma concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol reflect the degree of intoxication? Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 21, 171S-177S.
26. Milman, G., Bergamaschi, M. M., Lee, D., Mendu, D. R., Barnes, A. J., Vandrey, R. et al. (2014) Plasma cannabinoid concentrations during dronabinol pharmacotherapy for cannabis dependence. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 36, 218-24.
27. Fabritius, M., Favrat, B., Chtioui, H., Battistella, G., Annoni, J. M., Appenzeller, M. et al. (2014) THCCOOH concentrations in whole blood: are they useful in discriminating occasional from heavy smokers? Drug Testing and Analysis, 6, 155-163.
28. Hunault, C. C., Mensinga, T. T., de Vries, I., Kelholt-Dijkman, H. H., Hoek, J., Kruidenier, M. et al. (2008) Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) serum concentrations and pharmacological effects in males after smoking a combination of tobacco and cannabis containing up to 69 mg THC. Psychopharmacology, 201, 171-181.
29. Lee, D., Karschner, E. L., Milman, G., Barnes, A. J., Goodwin, R. S., Huestis, M. A. (2013) Can oral fluid cannabinoid testing monitor medication compliance and/or cannabis smoking during oral THC and oromucosal Sativex administration? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 130, 68-76.