Economic burden of obesity: A systematic literature review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2017, Pages

  Tremmel, Maximilian ^a   Gerdtham, Ulf G ^b,c,d   Nilsson, Peter M ^e   Saha, Sanjib ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^d LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^e LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Burden of obesity; Cost of illness; Obesity; Obesity related disease

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING WORLD; DISEASE PREVALENCE; LITERATURE REVIEW; OBESITY; PUBLIC HEALTH;

ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; BODY MASS; COST OF ILLNESS; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HEALTH CARE; HUMAN; OBESITY; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; ADULT; AGED; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 85018520626     PISSN: 16617827     EISSN: 16604601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040435     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Hubert, H.B.; Feinleib, M.; McNamara, P.M.; Castelli, W.P. Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: A 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1983, 67, 968–977.
2. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2000.
3. Smith, S.C. Multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Med. 2007, 120, S3–S11.
4. World Health Organization. Obesity. Available online: http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ (accessed on 4 October 2016).
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overweight & Obesity. Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html (accessed on 4 October 2016).
6. Dobbs, R.; Sawers, C.; Thompson, F.; Manyika, J.; Woetzel, J.R.; Child, P.; McKenna, S.; Spatharou, A. Overcoming Obesity: An Initial Economic Analysis; McKinsey Global Institute: Jakarta, Indonesia, 2014.
7. Birmingham, C.L.; Muller, J.L.; Palepu, A.; Spinelli, J.J.; Anis, A.H. The cost of obesity in Canada. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1999, 160, 483–488.
8. Levy, E.; Levy, P.; Le Pen, C.; Basdevant, A. The economic cost of obesity: The French situation. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 1995, 19, 788–792.
9. Andreyeva, T.; Sturm, R.; Ringel, J.S. Moderate and severe obesity have large differences in health care costs. Obes. Res. 2004, 12, 1936–1943.
10. Dee, A.; Kearns, K.; O’Neill, C.; Sharp, L.; Staines, A.; O’Dwyer, V.; Fitzgerald, S.; Perry, I.J. The direct and indirect costs of both overweight and obesity: A systematic review. BMC Res. Notes 2014, 7.
11. Finkelstein, E.A.; Trogdon, J.G.; Cohen, J.W.; Dietz, W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: Payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff. 2009, 28, w822–w831.
12. Specchia, M.L.; Veneziano, M.A.; Cadeddu, C.; Ferriero, A.M.; Mancuso, A.; Ianuale, C.; Parente, P.; Capri, S.; Ricciardi, W. Economic impact of adult obesity on health systems: A systematic review. Eur. J. Public Health 2015, 25, 255–262.
13. Hodgson, T.A. Costs of illness in cost-effectiveness analysis. PharmacoEconomics 1994, 6, 536–552.
14. Rice, D.P. Cost of illness studies: What is good about them? Inj. Prev. 2000, 6, 177–179.
15. Jo, C. Cost-of-illness studies: Concepts, scopes, and methods. Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 2014, 20, 327–337.
16. McCormick, B.; Stone, I. Economic costs of obesity and the case for government intervention. Obes. Rev. 2007, 8, 161–164.
17. Bierl, M.; Marsh, T.; Webber, L.; Brown, M.; McPherson, K.; Rtveladze, K. Apples and oranges: A comparison of costing methods for obesity. Obes. Rev. 2013, 14, 693–706.
18. Hammond, R.A.; Levine, R. The economic impact of obesity in the United States. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 2010, 3, 285–295.
19. Hughes, D.; McGuire, A. A review of the economic analysis of obesity. Br. Med. Bull. 1997, 53, 253–263.
20. Kortt, M.A.; Langley, P.C.; Cox, E.R. A review of cost-of-illness studies on obesity. Clin. Ther. 1998, 20, 772–779.
21. Lehnert, T.; Sonntag, D.; Konnopka, A.; Riedel-Heller, S.; Konig, H.H. Economic costs of overweight and obesity. Best Prac. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2013, 27, 105–115.
22. Muller-Riemenschneider, F.; Reinhold, T.; Berghofer, A.; Willich, S.N. Health-economic burden of obesity in Europe. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 2008, 23, 499–509.
23. Thompson, D.; Wolf, A.M. The medical-care cost burden of obesity. Obes. Rev. 2001, 2, 189–197.
24. Tran, B.X.; Nair, A.V.; Kuhle, S.; Ohinmaa, A.; Veugelers, P.J. Cost analyses of obesity in Canada: Scope, quality, and implications. Cost Eff. Res. Alloc. 2013, 11.
25. Trogdon, J.G.; Finkelstein, E.A.; Hylands, T.; Dellea, P.S.; Kamal-Bahl, S.J. Indirect costs of obesity: A review of the current literature. Obes. Rev. 2008, 9, 489–500.
26. Tsai, A.G.; Williamson, D.F.; Glick, H.A. Direct medical cost of overweight and obesity in the USA: A quantitative systematic review. Obes. Rev. 2011, 12, 50–61.
27. Von Lengerke, T.; Krauth, C. Economic costs of adult obesity: A review of recent European studies with a focus on subgroup-specific costs. Maturitas 2011, 69, 220–229.
28. Withrow, D.; Alter, D.A. The economic burden of obesity worldwide: A systematic review of the direct costs of obesity. Obes. Rev. 2011, 12, 131–141.
29. Rtveladze, K.; Marsh, T.; Barquera, S.; Sanchez Romero, L.M.; Levy, D.; Melendez, G.; Webber, L.; Kilpi, F.; McPherson, K.; Brown, M. Obesity prevalence in Mexico: Impact on health and economic burden. Public Health Nutr. 2014, 17, 233–239.
30. Rtveladze, K.; Marsh, T.; Webber, L.; Kilpi, F.; Levy, D.; Conde, W.; McPherson, K.; Brown, M. Health and economic burden of obesity in Brazil. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e68785.
31. Su, W.; Huang, J.; Chen, F.; Iacobucci, W.; Mocarski, M.; Dall, T.M.; Perreault, L. Modeling the clinical and economic implications of obesity using microsimulation. J. Med. Econ. 2015, 18, 886–897.
32. Larg, A.; Moss, J.R. Cost-of-illness studies. PharmacoEconomics 2011, 29, 653–671.
33. Weinstein, M.; Siegel, J.; Gold, M.; Kamlet, M.; Russell, L. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1996.
34. Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann. Intern. Med. 2009, 151, 264–269.
35. Alter, D.A.; Wijeysundera, H.C.; Franklin, B.; Austin, P.C.; Chong, A.; Oh, P.I.; Tu, J.V.; Stukel, T.A. Obesity, lifestyle risk-factors, and health service outcomes among healthy middle-aged adults in Canada. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2012, 12.
36. An, R. Health care expenses in relation to obesity and smoking among US adults by gender, race/ethnicity, and age group: 1998–2011. Public Health 2015, 129, 29–36.
37. Andreyeva, T.; Luedicke, J.; Wang, Y.C. State-level estimates of obesity-attributable costs of absenteeism. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2014, 56, 1120–1127.
38. Bahia, L.; Coutinho, E.S.; Barufaldi, L.A.; Abreu Gde, A.; Malhao, T.A.; De Souza, C.P.; Araujo, D.V. The costs of overweight and obesity-related diseases in the Brazilian public health system: Cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012, 12.
39. Cawley, J.; Meyerhoefer, C. The medical care costs of obesity: An instrumental variables approach. J. Health Econ. 2012, 31, 219–230.
40. De Oliveira, M.L.; Santos, L.M.; Da Silva, E.N. Direct healthcare cost of obesity in brazil: An application of the cost-of-illness method from the perspective of the public health system in 2011. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0121160.
41. Doherty, E.; Dee, A.; O’Neill, C. Estimating the amount of overweight and obesity related health-care use in the Republic of Ireland using SLAN data. Econ. Soc. Rev. 2012, 43, 227–250.
42. Effertz, T.; Engel, S.; Verheyen, F.; Linder, R. The costs and consequences of obesity in Germany: A new approach from a prevalence and life-cycle perspective. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2016, 17, 1141–1158.
43. Konig, H.H.; Lehnert, T.; Brenner, H.; Schottker, B.; Quinzler, R.; Haefeli, W.E.; Matschinger, H.; Heider, D. Health service use and costs associated with excess weight in older adults in Germany. Age Ageing 2015, 44, 616–623.
44. Konnopka, A.; Bodemann, M.; Konig, H.H. Health burden and costs of obesity and overweight in Germany. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2011, 12, 345–352.
45. Krueger, H.; Krueger, J.; Koot, J. Variation across Canada in the economic burden attributable to excess weight, tobacco smoking and physical inactivity. Can. J. Public Health 2015, 106, e171–e177.
46. Lehnert, T.; Streltchenia, P.; Konnopka, A.; Riedel-Heller, S.G.; Konig, H.H. Health burden and costs of obesity and overweight in Germany: An update. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2015, 16, 957–967.
47. Lehnert, T.; Stuhldreher, N.; Streltchenia, P.; Riedel-Heller, S.G.; Konig, H.H. Sick leave days and costs associated with overweight and obesity in Germany. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2014, 56, 20–27.
48. Mora, T.; Gil, J.; Sicras-Mainar, A. The influence of obesity and overweight on medical costs: A panel data perspective. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2015, 16, 161–173.
49. Neovius, K.; Rehnberg, C.; Rasmussen, F.; Neovius, M. Lifetime productivity losses associated with obesity status in early adulthood: A population-based study of Swedish men. Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy 2012, 10, 309–317.
50. Pitayatienanan, P.; Butchon, R.; Yothasamut, J.; Aekplakorn, W.; Teerawattananon, Y.; Suksomboon, N.; Thavorncharoensap, M. Economic costs of obesity in Thailand: A retrospective cost-of-illness study. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2014, 14.
51. Wang, Y.C.; Pamplin, J.; Long, M.W.; Ward, Z.J.; Gortmaker, S.L.; Andreyeva, T. Severe obesity in adults cost state medicaid programs nearly $8 billion in 2013. Health Aff. 2015, 34, 1923–1931.
52. Yang, Z.; Zhang, N. The burden of overweight and obesity on long-term care and Medicaid financing. Med. Care 2014, 52, 658–663.
53. Kang, J.H.; Jeong, B.G.; Cho, Y.G.; Song, H.R.; Kim, K.A. Socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity in Korean adults. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2011, 26, 1533–1540.
54. Lette, M.; Bemelmans, W.J.; Breda, J.; Slobbe, L.C.; Dias, J.; Boshuizen, H.C. Health care costs attributable to overweight calculated in a standardized way for three European countries. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2016, 17, 61–69.
55. Bloom, B.S.; Bruno, D.J.; Maman, D.Y.; Jayadevappa, R. Usefulness of US cost-of-illness studies in healthcare decision making. PharmacoEconomics 2001, 19, 207–213.
56. Liu, J.L.Y.; Maniadakis, N.; Gray, A.; Rayner, M. The economic burden of coronary heart disease in the UK. Heart 2002, 88, 597–603.
57. Segel, J.E. Cost-of-Illness Studies—A Primer. Available online: http://www.amcp.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=12960 (accessed on 6 September 2016).
58. Saha, S.; Gerdtham, U.G. Cost of illness studies on reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: A systematic literature review. Health Econ. Rev. 2013, 3.
59. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Glossary of Statistical Terms—Developed, Developing Countries. Available online: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=6326 (accessed on 27 November 2016).
60. Butland, B.; Jebb, S.; Kopelman, P.; McPherson, K.; Thomas, S.; Mardell, J.; Parry, V. Tackling Obesities: Future Choices-Project Report. Available online: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/tackling-obesities-future-choices (accessed on 27 November 2016).
61. Ezzati, M.; Lopez, A. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks. Available online: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.378.1301&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed on 27 November 2016).
62. Mogyorosy, Z.; Smith, P. The Main Methodological Issues in Costing Health Care Services: A Literature Review. Available online: https://ideas.repec.org/p/chy/respap/7cherp.html#cites (accessed on 27 November 2016).
63. Rutter, C.M.; Zaslavsky, A.; Feuer, E. Dynamic microsimulation models for health outcomes: A review. Med. Decis. Making 2011, 31, 10–18.
64. Santos, L.M.; De Oliveira, I.V.; Peters, L.R.; Conde, W.L. Trends in morbid obesity and in bariatric surgeries covered by the Brazilian public health system. Obes. Surg. 2010, 20, 943–948.
65. World Health Organization. Choosing Intervention That Are Cost Effective. Available online: http://www.who.int/choice/costs/CER_levels/en/index.html (accessed on 14 November 2012).
66. Vigo, D.; Thornicroft, G.; Atun, R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry 2016, 3, 171–178.
67. World Health Organization. Depression—Fact Sheet. Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/ (accessed on 4 October 2016).
68. Mannan, M.; Mamun, A.; Doi, S.; Clavarino, A. Is there a bi-directional relationship between depression and obesity among adult men and women? Systematic review and bias-adjusted meta analysis. Asian J. Psychiatr. 2016, 21, 51–66.
69. Krauth, C.; Stahmeyer, J.T.; Petersen, J.J.; Freytag, A.; Gerlach, F.M.; Gensichen, J. Resource utilisation and costs of depressive patients in Germany: Results from the primary care monitoring for depressive patients trial. Depress. Res. Treat. 2014, 2014.
70. Vainio, H.; Kaaks, R.; Bianchini, F. Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention: International evaluation of the evidence. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 2002, 11, S94–S100.
71. Marmot, M.; Atinmo, T.; Byers, T.; Chen, J.; Hirohata, T.; Jackson, A.; James, W.; Kolonel, L.; Kumanyika, S.; Leitzmann, C. Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. Available online: http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/4841/1/4841.pdf (accessed on 6 September 2016).
72. Kitahara, C.M.; Platz, E.A.; Freeman, L.E.; Hsing, A.W.; Linet, M.S.; Park, Y.; Schairer, C.; Schatzkin, A.; Shikany, J.M.; Berrington De Gonzalez, A. Obesity and thyroid cancer risk among US men and women: A pooled analysis of five prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2011, 20, 464–472.
73. Lichtman, M.A. Obesity and the risk for a hematological malignancy: Leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma. Oncologist 2010, 15, 1083–1101.
74. Yabroff, K.R.; Lund, J.; Kepka, D.; Mariotto, A. Economic burden of cancer in the US: Estimates, projections, and future research. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2011, 20, 2006–2014.
75. Fabbrini, E.; Sullivan, S.; Klein, S. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical implications. Hepatology 2010, 51, 679–689.
76. Marchesini, G.; Moscatiello, S.; Di Domizio, S.; Forlani, G. Obesity-associated liver disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008, 93, S74–S80.
77. Younossi, Z.M.; Henry, L. Economic and quality-of-life implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PharmacoEconomics 2015, 33, 1245–1253.
78. Li, J.; Song, J.; Zaytseva, Y.Y.; Liu, Y.; Rychahou, P.; Jiang, K.; Starr, M.E.; Kim, J.T.; Harris, J.W.; Yiannikouris, F.B.; et al. An obligatory role for neurotensin in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Nature 2016, 533, 411–415.
79. Dinsa, G.D.; Goryakin, Y.; Fumagalli, E.; Suhrcke, M. Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing countries: A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 2012, 13, 1067–1079.
80. Shrestha, N.; Pedisic, Z.; Neil-Sztramko, S.; Kukkonen-Harjula, K.T.; Hermans, V. The Impact of obesity in the workplace: A review of contributing factors, consequences and potential solutions. Curr. Obes. Rep. 2016, 5, 344–360.
81. Murphy, C.C.; Claire Yang, Y.; Shaheen, N.J.; Hofstetter, W.L.; Sandler, R.S. An age-period-cohort analysis of obesity and incident esophageal adenocarcinoma among white males. Dis. Esophagus 2016.