Aerosol microphysical impact on summertime convective precipitation in the rocky mountain region

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 20, 2014, Pages 11,709-11,728

  Eidhammer, Trude ^a   Barth, Mary C ^a   Petters, Markus D ^b   Wiedinmyer, Christine ^a   Prenni, Anthony J ^c,d  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Engineering Research Center and Hydraulics Laboratory   (United States)

^d NATIONAL PARK SERVICE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85018214672     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021883     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Abdul-Razzak, H., and S. J. Ghan (2002), A parameterization of aerosol activation, 3: Sectional representation, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4026, doi:10.1029/2001JD000483.
2. Albrecht, B. (1989), Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245, 1227–1230.
3. Andreae, M. O., D. Rosenfeld, P. Artaxo, A. A. Costa, G. P. Frank, K. M. Longo, and M. A. F. Silva-Dias (2004), Smoking rain clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303, 1337–1342, doi:10.1126/science.1092779.
4. Boy, M., et al. (2008), New particle formation in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1577–1590, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1577-2008.
5. Chapman, E. G., W. I. Gustafson, R. C. Easter, B. C. Barnard, S. J. Ghan, M. S. Pekour, and J. D. Fast (2009), Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 945–964.
6. Chen, F. (2005), Variability in global land surface energy budgets during 1987–1988 simulated by an offline land surface model, Clim. Dyn., 24, 667–684, doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0439-4.
7. Chen, F., and J. Dudhia (2001), Coupling an advanced land-surface/hydrology model with the Penn State/NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585.
8. Chen, F., K. Mitchell, J. Schaake, Y. Xue, H. Pan, V. Koren, Y. Duan, M. Ek, and A. Betts (1996), Modeling of land-surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7251–7268, doi:10.1029/95JD02165.
9. Chen, Y., and J. E. Penner (2005), Uncertainty analysis of the first indirect aerosol effect, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2935–2948.
10. Chou, M.-D., and M. Suarez (1994), An efficient thermal infrared radiation parameterization for use in general circulation models, NASATech. Mem. 104606, 3, Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, 85 pp.
11. Cui, Y. Y., A. Hodzic, J. N. Smith, J. Ortega, J. Brioude, H. Matsui, A. Turnipseed, P. Winkler, and B. de Foy (2014), Modeling ultrafine particle growth at a pine forest site influenced by anthropogenic pollution during BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 5611–5651, doi:10.5194/acpd-14-5611-2014.
12. Cui, Z., S. Davies, K. S. Carslaw, and A. M. Blyth (2011), The response of precipitation to aerosol through riming and melting in deep convective clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3495–3510.
13. Dusek, U., et al. (2006), Size matters more than chemistry for cloud-nucleating ability of aerosol particles, Science, 312, 1375–1378, doi:10.1126/science.1125261.
14. Emmons, L. K., et al. (2010), Description and evaluation of the Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), Geosci. Model Dev., 3, 43–67, doi:10.5194/gmd-3-43-2010.
15. Fan, J., T. Yuan, J. M. Comstock, S. Ghan, A. Khain, L. R. Leung, Z. Li, V. J. Martins and M. Ovchinnikov (2009), Dominant role by vertical wind shear in regulating aerosol effects on deep convective clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D22206, doi:10.1029/2009JD012352.
16. Fan, J., J. M. Comstock, and M. Ovchinnikov (2010), The cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei effects on tropical anvil characteristics and water vapor of the tropical tropopause layer, Environ. Res. Lett., 5(4), 044005, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044005.
17. Fast, J. D., W. I. Gustafson Jr., R. C. Easter, R. A. Zaveri, J. C. Barnard, E. G. Chapman, G. A. Grell, and S. E. Peckham (2006), Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21305, doi:10.1029/2005JD006721.
18. Ghan, S. J., L. R. Leung, R. C. Easter, and H. Abdul-Razzak (1997), Prediction of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,777–21,794, doi:10.1029/97JD01810.
19. Ghan, S. J., R. C. Easter, E. G. Chapman, K. Abdul-Razzak, Y. Zhang, L. R. Leung, N. S. Laulainen, R. D. Saylor, and R. A. Zaveri (2001), A physically based estimate of radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D6), 5279–5293, doi:10.1029/2000JD900503.
20. Ghan, S. J., H. Abdul-Razzak, A. Nenes, Y. Ming, X. Liu, M. Ovchinnikov, B. Shipway, N. Meskhidze, J. Xu, and X. Shi (2011), Droplet nucleation: Physically-based parameterizations and comparative evaluation, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 3, M10001, doi:10.1029/2011MS000074.
21. Grell, G. A., S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, S. A. McKeen, G. Frost, W. C. Skamarock, and B. Eder (2005), Fully coupled “online” chemistry within the WRF model, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6957–6975.
22. Guenther, A., T. Karl, P. Harley, C. Wiedinmyer, P. I. Palmer, and C. Geron (2006), Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210.
23. Heymsfield, A. J., A. Bansemer, G. Heymsfield, and A. O. Fierro (2009), Microphysics of maritime tropical convective updrafts at temperatures from 220° to 260°, J. Atmos. Sci., 66(12), 3530–3562, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3107.1.
24. Hong, S. Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia (2006), A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 2318–2341.
25. Igel, A. L., S. C. van den Heever, C. M. Naud, S. M. Saleeby, and D. J. Posselt (2013), Sensitivity of warm-frontal processes to cloud-nucleating aerosol concentrations, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 1768–1783.
26. Khain, A. P. (2009), Notes on state of the art investigations of aerosol effects on precipitation: A critical review, Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 015004, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/1/015004.
27. Khain, A., N. BenMoshe, and A. Pokrovsky (2008), Factors determining the impact of aerosols on surface precipitation from clouds: An attempt at classification, J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1721–1748.
28. Koehler, K. A., S. M. Kreidenweis, P. J. DeMott, A. J. Prenni, and M. D. Petters (2007), Potential impact of Owens (dry) Lake dust on warm and cold cloud formation, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12210, doi:10.1029/2007JD008413.
29. Kristjánsson, J. E. (2002), Studies of the aerosol indirect effect from sulfate and black carbon aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D15), 4246, doi:10.1029/2001JD000887.
30. Lebo, Z. J., and H. Morrison (2014), Dynamical effects of aerosol perturbations on simulated idealized squall lines, Mon. Weather Rev., 142, 991–1009, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-13-00156.1.
31. Lebo, Z. J., and J. H. Seinfeld (2011), Theoretical basis for convective invigoration due to increased aerosol concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5407–5429, doi:10.5194/acp-11-5407-2011.
32. Lee, S. S., L. J. Donner, V. T. J. Phillips, and Y. Ming (2008), The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear and stability, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D16202, doi:10.1029/2007JD009224.
33. Levin, E. J. T., A. J. Prenni, M. D. Petters, S. M. Kreidenweis, R. S. Sullivan, S. A. Atwood, J. Ortega, P. J. DeMott, and J. N. Smith (2012), An annual cycle of size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D06201, doi:10.1029/2011JD016854.
34. Levin, E. J. T., A. J. Prenni, B. B. Palm, D. A. Day, P. Campuzano-Jost, P. M. Winkler, S. M. Kreidenweis, P. J. DeMott, J. L. Jimenez, and J. N. Smith (2014), Size-resolved aerosol composition and its link to hygroscopicity at a forested site in Colorado, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2657–2667, doi:10.5194/acp-14-2657-2014.
35. Li, Z., F. Niu, J. Fan, Y. Liu, D. Rosenfeld, and Y. Ding (2011), Long-term impacts of aerosols on the vertical development of clouds and precipitation, Nat. Geosci., 4, 888–894, doi:10.1038/ngeo1313.
36. Lin, Y. L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville (1983), Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model, J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 22, 1065–1092.
37. Liu, C., K. Ikeda, G. Thompson, R. Rasmussen, and J. Dudhia (2011), High-resolution simulations of wintertime precipitation in the Colorado Headwaters Region: Sensitivity to physics parameterizations, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 3533–3553, doi:10.1175/MWR-D-11-00009.1.
38. Liu, Y., P. H. Daum, and R. L. McGraw (2005), Size truncation effect, threshold behavior, and a new type of autoconversion parameterization, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L11811, doi:10.1029/2005GL022636.
39. Lohmann, U., J. Feichter, J. E. Penner, and W. R. Leaitch (2000), Indirect effect of sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols: A mechanistic treatment, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D10), 12,193–12,206, doi:10.1029/1999JD901199.
40. Lynn, B. H., A. P. Khain, J. Dudhia, D. Rosenfeld, A. Pokrovsky, and A. Seifert (2005), Spectral (Bin) microphysics coupled with a mesoscale model (MM5). Part II: Simulation of a CaPE rain event with a squall line, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 59–71.
41. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, N. Takegawa, A. Wiedensohler, J. D. Fast, and R. A. Zaveri (2011), Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D19208, doi:10.1029/2011JD016025.
42. Matsui, H., M. Koike, Y. Kondo, J. D. Fast, and M. Takigawa (2014), Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10,315–10,331, doi:10.5194/acp-14-10315-2014.
43. Mesinger, F., et al. (2006), North American regional reanalysis, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 343–360.
44. Mlawer, E. J., S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough (1997), Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16,663–16,682, doi:10.1029/97JD00237.
45. Morrison, H., and W. W. Grabowski (2011), Cloud-system resolving model simulations of aerosol indirect effects on tropical deep convection and its thermodynamic environment, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 10,503–10,523, doi:10.5194/acp-11-10503-2011.
46. Morrison, H., and W. W. Grabowski (2013), Response of tropical deep convection to localized heating perturbations: Implications for aerosol-induced convective invigoration, J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3533–3555, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-027.1.
47. Nguyen, T. K. V., M. D. Petters, S. R. Suda, and A. G. Carlton (2014), Trends in particle phase liquid water during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 7469–7516, doi:10.5194/acpd-14-7469-2014.
48. Ntelekos, A. A., J. A. Smith, L. Donner, J. D. Fast, W. I. Gustafson, E. G. Chapman, and W. F. Krajewski (2009), The effects of aerosols on intense convective precipitation in the northeastern United States, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 135, 1367–1391, doi:10.1002/qj.476.
49. Ortega, J., et al. (2014), Overview of the Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory: Site description and selected science results from 2008–2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 14, 1647–1709, doi:10.5194/acpd-14-1647-2014.
50. Penner, J. E., J. Quaas, T. Storelvmo, T. Takemura, O. Boucher, H. Guo, A. Kirkevåg, J. E. Kristjánsson, and Ø. Seland (2006), Model intercomparison of indirect aerosol effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3391–3405, doi:10.5194/acp-6-3391-2006.
51. Petters, M. D., and S. M. Kreidenweis (2007), A single parameter representation of hygroscopic growth and cloud condensation nucleus activity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1961–1971.
52. Petters, M. D., A. J. Prenni, S. M. Kreidenweis, and P. J. DeMott (2007), On measuring the critical diameter of cloud condensation nuclei using mobility selected aerosol, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 41, 907–913, doi:10.1080/02786820701557214.
53. Petters, M. D., C. M. Carrico, S. M. Kreidenweis, A. J. Prenni, P. J. DeMott, J. L. Collett Jr. and H. Moosmüller (2009), Cloud condensation nucleation activity of biomass burning aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D22205, doi:10.1029/2009JD012353.
54. Pinsky, M. B., and A. P. Khain (2002), Effects of in-cloud nucleation and turbulence on droplet spectrum formation in cumulus clouds, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 501–533, doi:10.1256/003590002321042072.
55. Reutter, P., H. Su, J. Trentmann, M. Simmel, D. Rose, S. S. Gunthe, H. Wernli, M. O. Andreae, and U. Pöschl (2009), Aerosol- and updraft-limited regimes of cloud droplet formation: Influence of particle number, size and hygroscopicity on the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 7067–7080, doi:10.5194/acp-9-7067-2009.
56. Roberts, G., and A. Nenes (2005), A continuous-flow streamwise thermal-gradient CCN chamber for atmospheric measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39, 206–221, doi:10.1080/027868290913988.
57. Rosenfeld, D., U. Lohmann, G. B. Raga, C. D. O’Dowd, M. Kulmala, S. Fuzzi, A. Reissell, and M. O. Andreae (2008), Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309–1313, doi:10.1126/science.1160606.
58. Segal, Y., M. Pinsky, A. Khain, and C. Erlick (2003), Thermodynamic factors influencing bimodal spectrum formation in cumulus clouds, Atmos. Res., 66, 43–64, doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00172-2.
59. Segele, Z. T., L. M. Leslie, and P. J. Lamb (2013), Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations of extended warm-season heavy precipitation episode over the US Southern Great Plains: Data assimilation and microphysics sensitivity experiments, Tellus A, 65, 19,599, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.19599.
60. Seifert, A., and K. D. Beheng (2006), A two-moment cloud microphysics parameterization for mixed-phase clouds. Part 2: Maritime vs. continental deep convective storms, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 92, 67–82.
61. Seifert, A., C. Kohler, and K. D. Beheng (2012), Aerosol- cloud-precipitation effects over Germany as simulated by a convective scale numerical weather prediction model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 709–725.
62. Shaw, W., K. J. Allwine, B. G. Fritz, F. C. Rutz, J. P. Rishel, and E. G. Chapman (2008), An evaluation of the wind erosion module in DUSTRAN, Atmos. Environ., 42, 1907–1921.
63. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, G. M. Duda, X.-Y. Huang, W. Wang, and J. G. Powers (2008), A description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3, Boulder, CO, NCAR: 113 pp.
64. Sorooshian, A., G. Feingold, M. D. Lebsock, H. Jiang, and G. L. Stephens (2009), On the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol perturbations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13803, doi:10.1029/2009GL038993.
65. Stevens, B., and G. Feingold (2009), Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system, Nature, 461, 607–613.
66. Tao, W.-K., J.-P. Chen, Z. Li, C. Wang, and C. Zhang (2012), Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation, Rev. Geophys., 50, RG2001, doi:10.1029/2011RG000369.
67. Teller, A., and Z. Levin (2006), The effects of aerosols on precipitation and dimensions of subtropical clouds: A sensitivity study using a numerical cloud model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 67–80.
68. Thompson, G., and T. Eidhammer (2014), A study of aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation development in a large winter cyclone, J. Atmos. Sci., 71, 3636–3658, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-13-0305.1.
69. Twomey, S. (1974), Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8, 1251–1256.
70. Van den Heever, S. C., G. G. Carrio, W. R. Cotton, P. J. DeMott, and A. J. Prenni (2006), Impacts of nucleating aerosol on Florida storms. Part I: Mesoscale simulations, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1752–1775.
71. Van den Heever, S. C., G. L. Stephens, and N. B. Wood (2011), Aerosol indirect effects on tropical convection characteristics under conditions of radiative-convective equilibrium, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 699–718.
72. Wang, C. (2005), A model study of the response of tropical deep convection to the increase of CCN concentration: 1. Dynamics and microphysics, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21211, doi:10.1029/2004JD005720.
73. Ward, D. S., T. Eidhammer, W. R. Cotton, and S. M. Kreidenweis (2010), The role of the particle size distribution in assessing aerosol composition effects on simulated droplet activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5435–5447.
74. Wexler, A., F. W. Lurmann, and J. H. Seinfeld (1994), Modeling urban and regional aerosols: 1. Model development, Atmos. Environ., 28, 531–546.
75. Zaveri, R. A., and L. K. Peters (1999), A new lumped structure photochemical mechanism for large-scale applications, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30,387–30,415, doi:10.1029/1999JD900876.
76. Zaveri, R. A., R. C. Easter, J. D. Fast, and L. K. Peters (2008), Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC), J. Geophys. Res., 113, D13204, doi:10.1029/2007JD008782.
77. Zhang, Y., M. K. Dubey, S. C. Olsen, J. Zheng, and R. Zhang (2009), Comparisons of WRF/Chem simulations in Mexico City with ground-based RAMA measurements during the 2006-MILAGRO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3777–3798, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3777-2009.
78. Zhao, Z., M. S. Pritchard, and L. M. Russell (2012), Effects on precipitation, clouds, and temperature from long-range transport of idealized aerosol plumes in WRF-Chem simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05206, doi:10.1029/2011JD016744.