Transformation planning for resilientwildlife habitats in ecotourism systems

Sustainability (Switzerland)

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2017, Pages

  Choi, Yun Eui ^a   Song, Kihwan ^a   Kim, Min ^a   Lee, Junga ^b  

^a Korea University   (South Korea)

^b Ecological Engineering Institute NEXUS Group   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Decision making of multiple actors; Social ecological system; Sustainable wildlife habitats; Systems thinking; Tourism resource; Transformation

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; ECOTOURISM; EDUCATION; HABITAT CREATION; INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL RESOURCE; SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS; SUSTAINABILITY; TRANSFORMATION; WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT;

SOUTH KOREA;

EID: 85017367924     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20711050     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/su9040487     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Fennell, D.A. Ecotourism; Routledge: London, UK, 2014.
2. Weaver, D.B. Ecotourism; JohnWiley & Sons: Milton, Australia, 2008.
3. Baral, N. Evaluation and resilience of ecotourism in the Annapurna conservation Area, Nepal. Envir Conserv. 2014, 41, 84-92.
4. Higham, J. Ecotourism: Competing and Conflicting Schools of Thought. In Critical Issues in Ecotourism: Understanding a Complex Tourism Phenomenon; Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2007; pp. 1-14.
5. Cornelissen, S. The Global Tourism System: Governance, Development and Lessons from South Africa; Ashgate Publishing Limited: Aldershot, UK, 2005; pp. 1-14.
6. Gunderson, L.; Holling, C.; Peterson, G.; Pritchard, L. Resilience; John Wiley and Sons: London, UK, 2001.
7. Holling, C.S. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems 2001, 4, 390-405.
8. Leiper, N. Towards a cohesive curriculum tourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 1981, 8, 69-84.
9. Ostrom, E. A general framework for analyzing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science 2009, 325, 419-422.
10. Choi, Y.E.; You, S.; Ham, E.K.; Song, K.; Chon, J. Sustainable management plan of eco-tourism resources using system thinking: A case study of Bamseom in Seoul. J. Tour. Sci. 2014, 38, 59-78.
11. Fennell, D.A.; Smale, B.J.A. Ecotourism and natural resource protection. Tour. Recreat. Res. 1992, 17, 21-32.
12. Batabyal, A.A. Accessibility, vulnerability, and resilience in a stochastic model of sustainable ecotourism. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 2016, 43, 71-81.
13. Lambert, E.; Hunter, C.; Pierce, G.J.; MacLeod, C.D. Sustainable whale-watching tourism and climate change: Towards a framework of resilience. J. Sustain. Tour. 2010, 18, 409-427.
14. Baggio, R. Symptoms of complexity in a tourism system. Tour. Anal. 2008, 13, 1-20.
15. Folke, C. Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social-ecological systems analyses. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2006, 16, 253-267.
16. Leiper, N. Tourism Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective; Massey University, Department of Management Systems, Business Studies Faculty: Palmerston North, New Zealand, 1990.
17. Holling, C.S. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1973, 4, 1-23.
18. Walker, B.; Gunderson, L.; Kinzig, A.; Folke, C.; Carpenter, S.; Schultz, L. A handful of heuristics and some propositions for understanding resilience in social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 2006, 11, 13.
19. Folke, C.; Carpenter, S.R.; Walker, B.; Scheffer, M.; Chapin, T.; Rockström, J. Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecol. Soc. 2010, 15, 20.
20. Olsson, P.; Gunderson, L.H.; Carpenter, S.R.; Ryan, P.; Lebel, L.; Folke, C.; Holling, C.S. Shooting the rapids: Navigating transitions to adaptive governance of social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 2006, 11, 18.
21. Walker, B.; Holling, C.S.; Carpenter, S.R.; Kinzig, A.P. Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 2004, 9, 5.
22. Di Minin, E.; Macmillan, D.C.; Goodman, P.S.; Escott, B.; Slotow, R.; Moilanen, A. Conservation businesses and conservation planning in a biological diversity hotspot. Conserv. Biol. 2013, 27, 808-820.
23. Gerber, L.R.; Anadón, J.D.; D'Agrosa, C.; Gondor, A. Conservation prioritization to conservation action in the Gulf of California, Mexico. J. Conserv. Plan. 2014, 10, 1-16.
24. Jørgensen, S.E.; Fath, B.; Bastianoni, S.; Marques, J.C.; Muller, F.; Nielsen, S.N.; Patten, B.C.; Tiezzi, E.; Ulanowicz, R.E. A New Ecology: Systems Perspective; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2011.
25. Yamada, K.; Elith, J.; McCarthy, M.; Zerger, A. Eliciting and integrating expert knowledge for wildlife habitat modelling. Ecol. Model. 2003, 165, 251-264.
26. McLane, A.J.; Semeniuk, C.; McDermid, G.J.; Marceau, D.J. The role of agent-based models in wildlife ecology and management. Ecol. Model. 2011, 222, 1544-1556.
27. Faust, L.J.; Jackson, R.; Ford, A.; Earnhardt, J.M.; Thompson, S.D. Models for management of wildlife populations: Lessons from spectacled bears in zoos and grizzly bears in Yellowstone. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 2004, 20, 163-178.
28. Weller, F.; Cecchini, L.A.; Shannon, L.; Sherley, R.B.; Crawford, R.J.; Altwegg, R.; Scott, L.; Stewart, T.; Jarre, A. A system dynamics approach to modelling multiple drivers of the African penguin population on Robben Island, South Africa. Ecol. Model. 2014, 277, 38-56.
29. Filatova, T.; Polhill, J.G.; van Ewijk, S. Regime shifts in coupled socio-environmental systems: Review of modelling challenges and approaches. Environ. Model. Softw. 2016, 75, 333-347.
30. Nicholls, S.; Amelung, B.; Student, J. Agent-based modeling: A powerful tool for tourism researchers. J. Travel Res. 2017, 56, 3-15.
31. Student, J.; Amelung, B.; Lamers, M. Towards a tipping point? Exploring the capacity to self-regulate Antarctic tourism using agent-based modelling. J. Sustain. Tour. 2016, 24, 412-429.
32. Semeniuk, C.A.; Haider, W.; Cooper, A.; Rothley, K.D. A linked model of animal ecology and human behavior for the management of wildlife tourism. Ecol. Model. 2010, 221, 2699-2713.
33. Patterson, T.; Gulden, T.; Cousins, K.; Kraev, E. Integrating environmental, social and economic systems: A dynamic model of tourism in Dominica. Ecol. Model. 2004, 175, 121-136.
34. Anderson, V.; Johnson, L. Systems Thinking Basics; Pegasus Communications: Waltham, MA, USA, 1997.
35. Kim, D.H.; Moon, T.H.; Kim, D.H. System Dynamics; Daeyoung Moonhwasa Publishing Company: Seoul, Korea, 1999.
36. Sterman, J.D. Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking and Modeling for a Complex World; Irwin Publishing/McGraw-Hill: Boston, MA, USA, 2000.
37. Richmond, B. Systems thinking: Critical thinking skills for the 1990s and beyond. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 1993, 9, 113-133.
38. Gunderson, L.H.; Carpenter, S.R.; Folke, C.; Olsson, P.; Peterson, G. Water RATs (resilience, adaptability, and transformability) in lake and wetland social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 2006, 11, 16.
39. Sendzimir, J.; Magnuszewski, P.; Flachner, Z.; Balogh, P.; Molnar, G.; Sarvari, A.; Nagy, Z. Assessing the resilience of a river management regime: Informal learning in a shadow network in the Tisza River Basin. Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13, 11.
40. Leiper, N. The framework of tourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 1979, 6, 390-407.
41. Gunn, C.A. Designing Tourist Regions; Von Nostrand Reinhold: New York, NY, USA, 1972.
42. Gunn, C.A. Tourism Planning; Psychology Press: Hove, UK, 1979.
43. Bramwell, B.; Lane, B. Economic cycles, times of change and sustainable tourism. J. Sustain. Tour. 2009, 17, 1-4.
44. Novelli, M.; Scarth, A. Tourism in protected areas: Integrating conservation and community development in Liwonde National Park (Malawi). Tour. Hosp. Plan. Dev. 2007, 4, 47-73.
45. Gallaher, J. Ecotourism as a Social-Ecological System: A Case Study in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Ph.D. Dissertation, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 2010.
46. Coppock, J.T. Tourism and conservation. Tour. Manag. 1982, 3, 270-276.
47. Hardy, A.L.; Beeton, R.J.S. Sustainable tourism or maintainable tourism: Managing resources for more than average outcomes. J. Sustain. Tour. 2001, 9, 168-192.
48. Wight, P. Ecotourism: Ethics or eco-sell? J. Travel Res. 1993, 31, 3-9.
49. González, J.A.; Montes, C.; Rodríguez, J.; Tapia, W. Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a complex social-ecological system: Implications for conservation and management. Ecol. Soc. 2008, 13.
50. Gunn, C.A.; Var, T. Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2002.
51. Wearing, S.; Neil, J. Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities? Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2009.
52. Weaver, D.B. Hard-core ecotourists in Lamington National Park, Australia. J. Ecotour. 2002, 1, 19-35.
53. Shutt, K.; Heistermann, M.; Kasim, A.; Todd, A.; Kalousova, B.; Profosouva, I.; Petrzelkova, K.; Fuh, T.; Dicky, J.-F.; Bopalanzognako, J.-B.; et al. Effects of habituation, research and ecotourism on faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in wild western lowland gorillas: Implications for conservation management. Biol. Conserv. 2014, 172, 72-79.
54. Nyaupane, G.P.; Thapa, B. Evaluation of ecotourism: A comparative assessment in the Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Nepal. J. Ecotourism 2004, 3, 20-45.
55. Medina, L.K. Ecotourism and certification: Confronting the principles and pragmatics of socially responsible tourism. J. Sustain. Tour. 2005, 13, 281-295.
56. Haaland, H.; Aas, Ø. Eco-tourism certification-Does it make a difference? A comparison of systems from Australia, Costa Rica and Sweden. Scand. J Hosp. Tour. 2010, 10, 375-385.
57. Honey, M. Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Island Press: Washington, DC, USA, 1999.
58. Ross, S.; Wall, G. Ecotourism: Towards congruence between theory and practice. Tour. Manag. 1999, 20, 123-132.
59. Scheyvens, R. Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tour. Manag. 1999, 20, 245-249.
60. Calgaro, E.; Lloyd, K.; Dominey-Howes, D. From vulnerability to transformation: A framework for assessing the vulnerability and resilience of tourism destinations. J. Sustain. Tour. 2014, 22, 341-360.
61. Dwyer, L.; Edwards, D.; Mistilis, N.; Roman, C.; Scott, N. Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future. Tour. Manage. 2009, 30, 63-74.
62. Nyaupane, G.P.; Poudel, S. Linkages among biodiversity, livelihood, and tourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 2011, 38, 1344-1366.
63. Ross, S.; Wall, G. Evaluating ecotourism: The case of north Sulawesi, Indonesia. Tour. Manag. 1999, 20, 673-682.
64. Tsaur, S.-H.; Lin, Y.-C.; Lin, J.-H. Evaluating ecotourism sustainability from the integrated perspective of resource, community and tourism. Tour. Manag. 2006, 27, 640-653.
65. Folke, C.; Carpenter, S.; Elmqvist, T.; Gunderson, L.; Holling, C.S.; Walker, B. Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Ambio 2002, 31, 437-440.
66. Holling, C.S.; Meffe, G.K. Command and control and the pathology of natural resource management. Conserv. Biol. 1996, 10, 328-337.
67. Maani, K.E.; Maharaj, V. Links between systems thinking and complex decision making. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 2004, 20, 21-48.
68. Sweeney, L.B.; Sterman, J.D. Thinking about systems: Student and teacher conceptions of natural and social systems. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 2007, 23, 285-311.
69. Senge, P.M.; Sterman, J.D. Systems thinking and organizational learning: Acting locally and thinking globally in the organization of the future. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 1992, 59, 137-150.
70. Richardson, G.P. Problems with causal-loop diagrams. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 1986, 2, 158-170.
71. Sendzimir, J.; Magnuszewski, P.; Balogh, P.; Vári, A. Anticipatory modeling of biocomplexity in the Tisza River Basin: First steps to establish a participatory adaptive framework. Environ. Model. Softw. 2007, 22, 599-609.
72. Banson, K.E.; Nguyen, N.C.; Bosch, O.J. Using system archetypes to identify drivers and barriers for sustainable agriculture in Africa: A case study in Ghana. Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. 2016, 3, 79-99.
73. Senge, P.M. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization; Doubleday Publishing: New York, NY, USA, 2006.
74. Mella, P. Systems Thinking: Intelligence in Action; Springer Science & Business Media: Italy, France, 2012.
75. Chapin, F.S.; Mark, A.F.; Mitchell, R.A.; Dickinson, K.J. Design principles for social-ecological transformation toward sustainability: Lessons from New Zealand sense of place. Ecosphere 2012, 3, 1-22.
76. Opdam, P.; Steingröver, E.; Van Rooij, S. Ecological networks: A spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2006, 75, 322-332.
77. Botequilha Leitão, A.; Ahern, J. Applying landscape ecological concepts and metrics in sustainable landscape planning. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2002, 59, 65-93.
78. Von Haaren, C. Landscape planning facing the challenge of the development of cultural landscapes. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2002, 60, 73-80.
79. Jung, J.U.; Kim, H.S. A study on theoretical improvement of causal mapping for dynamic analysis and design. J. Korean. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 2009, 10, 33-60.
80. Meadows, D.H.; Wright, D. Thinking in Systems; Chelsea Green Publishing: White River Junction, VT, USA, 2008.
81. Senge, P.M. The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization; Doubleday Publishing: New York, NY, USA, 1990.
82. Busan Metropolitan City. Nakdong River Estuary Ecosystem Monitoring 2014-2015; Busan Metropolitan City Nakdong River Management Headquarters: Busan, Korea, 2015.
83. Busan Metropolitan City. Nakdong River Estuary Eco Center Management Result Report; Busan Metropolitan City Nakdong River Management Headquarters: Busan, Korea, 2014.
84. Crandall, L. The social impact of tourism on developing regions and its measurement. In Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality Research. A Handbook for Managers and Researchers; Ritchie, J.B., Goeldner, C., Eds.; John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1987; pp. 373-383.
85. Newsome, D.; Moore, S.A.; Dowling, R.K. Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management; Channel View Publications: Bristol, UK, 2012.
86. Ha, K. Eulsukdo Eco-Park Development Project Completed. Available online: http://www.hkbs.co.kr/?m=bbs&bid=local4&uid=247814 (accessed on 28 December 2015).
87. Kim, M.; Suck, S.P. The Chief of Eulsukdo Cultural Center. Available online: http://www.kookje.co.kr/news2011/asp/newsbody.asp?code=2100&key=20151229.22028192850 (accessed on 16 April 2016).
88. Song, K.; Oh, D.; Yeo, U.; Kim, Y. Development of Eulsukdo Ecological Park; Busan Development Institute: Busan, Korea, 2008; pp. 45-66.
89. Walker, P.A.; Greiner, R.; McDonald, D.; Lyne, V. The tourism futures simulator: A systems thinking approach. Environ. Model. Softw. 1998, 14, 59-67.
90. Sakai, M. Public sector investment in tourism infrastructure. In International Handbook on the Economics of Tourism; Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Eds.; Edward Elgar Publishing Limited: Cheltenham, UK, 2006.
91. Nguyen, N.C.; Bosch, O.J.H. A systems thinking approach to identify leverage points for sustainability: A case study in the Cat Ba biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Syst. Res. Behav. Sci. 2013, 30, 104-115.
92. Butler, R.W. The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources. Can. Geogr. 1980, 24, 5-12.
93. Mai, T.; Smith, C. Addressing the threats to tourism sustainability using systems thinking: A case study of Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. J. Sustain. Tour. 2015, 23, 1504-1528.
94. Habibullah, M.S.; Din, B.H.; Chong, C.W.; Radam, A. Tourism and biodiversity loss: Implications for business sustainability. Procedia Econ. Fin. 2016, 35, 166-172.
95. Boley, B.B.; Green, G.T. Ecotourism and natural resource conservation: The 'potential' for a sustainable symbiotic relationship. J. Ecotour. 2016, 15, 36-50.
96. Holmes, R.T. Understanding population change in migratory songbirds: Long-term and experimental studies of Neotropical migrants in breeding and wintering areas. Ibis 2007, 149, 2-13.
97. Masud, M.M.; Aldakhil, A.M.; Nassani, A.A.; Azam, M.N. Community-based ecotourism management for sustainable development of marine protected areas in Malaysia. Ocean Coast Manag. 2017, 136, 104-112.
98. Dávid, L. Tourism ecology: Towards the responsible, sustainable tourism future. Worldw. Hosp. Tour. Themes 2011, 3, 210-216.
99. Walker, B.; Salt, D. Resilience Thinking: Sustaining Ecosystems and People in a Changing World; Island Press: Washington, DC, USA, 2012.
100. Boo, E. Planning for ecotourism. Parks 1991, 2, 4-8.
101. Goodwin, H. In pursuit of ecotourism. Biodivers. Conserv. 1996, 5, 277-291.
102. Lindberg, K.; McKercher, B. Ecotourism: A critical overview. Pac. Tour. Rev. 1997, 1, 65-79.
103. Weaver, D.B. Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 2005, 32, 439-455.
104. Allison, H.E.; Hobbs, R.J. Science and Policy in Natural Resource Management: Understanding System Complexity; Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006.
105. Jacobson, S.K.; Robles, R. Ecotourism, sustainable development, and conservation education: Development of a tour guide training program in Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Environ. Manag. 1992, 16, 701-713.
106. Lemelin, R.H.; Fennell, D.; Smale, B. Polar bear viewers as deep ecotourists: How specialised are they? J. Sustain. Tour. 2008, 16, 42-62.
107. Choi, Y.E.; You, S.; Kang, S.R.; Choi, B.; Chon, J. Management plan of whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) habitat using causal loop analysis: Focused on Eulsukdo. Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 2015, 29, 353-367.
108. Laubek, B. Habitat use by whooper swans Cygnus Cygnus and Bewick's swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii wintering in Denmark: Increasing agricultural conflicts. Wildfowl 1995, 46, 8-15.
109. Kiss, A. Is community-based ecotourism a good use of biodiversity conservation funds? Trends Ecol. Evol. 2004, 19, 232-237.
110. Blamey, R.K. The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism; CABI Publishing: New York, NY, USA, 2001; pp. 5-22.
111. Grimble, R.; Chan, M.K. Stakeholder analysis for natural resource management in developing countries. Nat. Resour. Forum 1995, 19, 113-124.
112. Goodwin, M.; Painter, J. Local governance, the crises of Fordism and the changing geographies of regulation. Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr. 1996, 21, 635-648.
113. Jones, S. Community-based ecotourism. Ann. Tour. Res. 2005, 32, 303-324.
114. Pretty, J.; Smith, D. Social capital in biodiversity conservation and management. Conserv. Biol. 2004, 18, 631-638.
115. Aliani, H.; Kafaky, S.B.; Saffari, A.; Monavari, S.M. Determining an appropriate method for the purpose of land allocation for ecotourism development (case study: Taleghan County, Iran). Environ. Monit. Assess. 2016, 188, 651.