Clinical Use of a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet to Treat the Dyslipidemia of the Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 227-232

  Hickey, Joseph T ^a   Hickey, Lisa ^a   Yancy, William S ^b   Hepburn, Juanita ^b   Westman, Eric C ^b  

^a Private Practice   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85017303401     PISSN: 15404196     EISSN: 15578518     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/154041903322716705     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Willett WC. Eat, Drink and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.
2. Austin MA, Hokanson JE, Edwards KL. Hypertriglyceridemia as a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 7B–12B.
3. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). NIH publication no. 01-3670. Washington, DC: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 2001.
4. Mittendorfer B, Sidossis LS. Mechanism for the increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations after consumption of short-term, high-carbohydrate diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: 892–899.
5. Otvos J, Jeyarajah E, Bennett D. Quantification of plasma lipoproteins by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 377–386.
6. Otvos JD, Shalaurova I, Freedman DS, et al. Effects of pravastatin treatment on lipoprotein subclass profiles and particle size in the PLAC-I trial. Atherosclerosis 2002; 160: 41–48.
7. Rosenson RS, Otvos JD, Freedman DS. Relations of lipoprotein subclass levels and low-density lipoprotein size to progression of coronary artery disease in the pravastatin limitation of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries (PLAC-I) trial. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 89–94.
8. Kuller L, Arnold A, Tracy R, et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lioproteins and risk of coronary heart disease in the cardiovascular health study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 1175–1180.
9. Westman EC, Yancy WS Jr., Edman JS, et al. Effect of 6-month adherence to a very-low-carbohydrate diet program. Am J Med 2002; 113: 30–36.
10. Samaha FF, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2074–2081.
11. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Eng J Med 2003; 348: 2082–2090.
12. Sondike SB, Copperman N, Jacobson MS. Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight adolescents. J Pediatr 2003; 142: 253–258.
13. Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, et al. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endo Metab 2003; 88: 1617–1623.
14. Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, et al. Body composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism 2002; 51: 864–870.
15. McKenny JM, McCormick LS, Schaefer EJ, et al. Effect of niacin and atorvastatin on lipoprotein subclasses in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88: 270–274.
16. Dachet C, Cavallero E, Martin C, et al. Effect of gemfibrozil on the concentration and composition of very low density and low density lipoprotein subfractions in hypertriglyceridemic patients. Atherosclerosis 1995; 113:1–9.
17. Freed MI, Ratner R, Marcovina SM, et al. Effects of rosiglitazone alone and in combination with atorvastatin on the metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 947–952.
18. Robins SJ, Collins D, Wittes JT, et al. Relation of gemfibrozil treatment and lipid levels with major coronary events: VA-HIT: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001; 285: 1585–1591.
19. Berneis KK, Krauss RM. Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity. J Lipid Res 2002; 43:1363–1379.
20. Griffin BA, Freeman DJ, Tait GW, et al. Role of plasma triglycerides in the regulation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions: relative contribution of small, dense LDL to coronary heart disease risk. Atherosclerosis 1994; 106: 241–253.
21. Packard C, Caslake M, Shepherd J. The role of small, dense low density lipoprotein (LDL): a new look. Int J Cardiol 2000; 74: S17-S22.
22. Kannel WB. Range of serum cholesterol values in the population developing coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76: 69c–77c.
23. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. JAMA 1998; 279: 1615–1622.
24. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383–1389.
25. Austin MA, Breslow JL, Hennekens CH, et al. Low density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988; 26: 1917–1921.
26. Rajman I, Maxwell S, Cramb R, et al. Particle size: the key to atherogenic lipoprotein? Q J Med 1994; 87: 709–720.
27. Dejager S, Bruckert E, Chapman MJ. Dense low density lipoprotein subspecies with diminished oxidative resistance predominate in combined hyperlipidemia. J Lipid Res 1993; 34: 295–308.
28. Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen LB. Atherosclerosis and arterial influx of lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994; 4:252–257.
29. Blake GJ, Otvos JD, Rifai N, et al. Low density lipo-protein particle concentration and size as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as predictors of cardiovascular disease in women. Circulation 2002; 106: 1930–1937.
30. Freedman DS, Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, et al. Relation of lipoprotein subclasses as measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to coronary artery disease. Atheroscler Thromb Vascular Biol 1998; 18:1046–1053.
31. Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Lipoprotein subclasses and coronary artery calcium in postmenopausal women from the healthy women study. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 71i–76i.
32. Wilson HM, Patel JC, Russell D, et al. Alterations in the concentration of an apolipoprotein E-containing subfraction of plasma high density lipoprotein in coronary heart disease. Clin Chem Acta 1993; 220: 175–187.
33. Johansson J, Carlson LA, Landou C, et al. High-density lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis. A strong inverse relation with the largest particles is confined to normotrigyceridemic patients. Arterioscler Thromb 1991; 11: 174–182.
34. Yancy WS Jr, Westman EC, French PA, et al. Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there. Circulation 2003; 107: 10–16.