메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 1431-1441

Perceived discrimination and physical health among HIV-positive black and latino men who have sex with men

Author keywords

African American Black; HIV AIDS; Latino Hispanic; Men who have sex with men; Perceived discrimination

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; ETHNOLOGY; HEALTH STATUS; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MALE HOMOSEXUALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEGRO; PERCEPTION; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; VIRUS LOAD;

EID: 84880707388     PISSN: 10907165     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-012-0397-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (126)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 79955804137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2009. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services; 2011.
    • (2011) HIV Surveillance Report, 2009
  • 2
    • 0037379252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients newly entering care in an urban clinic
    • 12640198 10.1097/00126334-200304010-00009
    • Giordano TP, White AC, Sajja P, et al. Factors associated with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients newly entering care in an urban clinic. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32(4):399-405.
    • (2003) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-405
    • Giordano, T.P.1    White, A.C.2    Sajja, P.3
  • 3
    • 0035452497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to medical care and service utilization among injection drug users with HIV/AIDS
    • 11470341 10.1016/S0376-8716(00)00228-3 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvitFSgtQ%3D%3D
    • Knowlton AR, Hoover DR, Chung SE, Celentano DD, Vlahov D, Latkin CA. Access to medical care and service utilization among injection drug users with HIV/AIDS. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001;64(1):55-62.
    • (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-62
    • Knowlton, A.R.1    Hoover, D.R.2    Chung, S.E.3    Celentano, D.D.4    Vlahov, D.5    Latkin, C.A.6
  • 4
    • 1042265519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the care of minority patients with HIV/AIDS
    • 14727211 10.1086/380969
    • Stone VE. Optimizing the care of minority patients with HIV/AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(3):400-4.
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 400-404
    • Stone, V.E.1
  • 5
    • 19944428999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and gender disparities in receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy persist in a multistate sample of HIV patients in 2001
    • 15608532 10.1097/00126334-200501010-00017
    • Gebo KA, Fleishman JA, Conviser R, et al. Racial and gender disparities in receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy persist in a multistate sample of HIV patients in 2001. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38(1):96-103.
    • (2005) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 96-103
    • Gebo, K.A.1    Fleishman, J.A.2    Conviser, R.3
  • 6
    • 0033031252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States: Results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study
    • 10386555 10.1001/jama.281.24.2305 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzhtlWhtA%3D%3D
    • Shapiro MF, Morton SC, McCaffrey DF, et al. Variations in the care of HIV-infected adults in the United States: results from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. JAMA. 1999;281(24):2305-15.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , Issue.24 , pp. 2305-2315
    • Shapiro, M.F.1    Morton, S.C.2    McCaffrey, D.F.3
  • 7
    • 72849122861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial and sex disparities in life expectancy losses among HIV-infected persons in the United States: Impact of risk behavior, late initiation, and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy
    • 19845472 10.1086/644772
    • Losina E, Schackman BR, Sadownik SN, et al. Racial and sex disparities in life expectancy losses among HIV-infected persons in the United States: impact of risk behavior, late initiation, and early discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(10):1570-8.
    • (2009) Clin Infect Dis , vol.49 , Issue.10 , pp. 1570-1578
    • Losina, E.1    Schackman, B.R.2    Sadownik, S.N.3
  • 8
    • 7744227969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late presenters in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: Uptake of and responses to antiretroviral therapy
    • 15577647 10.1097/00002030-200411050-00006
    • Sabin CA, Smith CJ, Gumley H, et al. Late presenters in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: uptake of and responses to antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2004;18(16):2145-51.
    • (2004) AIDS , vol.18 , Issue.16 , pp. 2145-2151
    • Sabin, C.A.1    Smith, C.J.2    Gumley, H.3
  • 9
    • 34250797870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Failure to establish HIV care: Characterizing the "no show" phenomenon
    • 17554713 10.1086/518587
    • Mugavero MJ, Lin HY, Allison JJ, et al. Failure to establish HIV care: characterizing the "no show" phenomenon. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(1):127-30.
    • (2007) Clin Infect Dis , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-130
    • Mugavero, M.J.1    Lin, H.Y.2    Allison, J.J.3
  • 10
    • 9144265457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory-guided empirically supported avenues for intervention on HIV medication nonadherence: Findings from the Healthy Living Project
    • 14746658 10.1089/108729103771928708
    • Johnson MO, Catz SL, Remien RH, et al. Theory-guided empirically supported avenues for intervention on HIV medication nonadherence: findings from the Healthy Living Project. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2003;17(12):645-56.
    • (2003) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 645-656
    • Johnson, M.O.1    Catz, S.L.2    Remien, R.H.3
  • 11
    • 84879251761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in the United States: The stages of care. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012.
    • (2012) HIV in the United States: The Stages of Care
  • 12
    • 84856897665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of HIV/AIDS survival and delayed diagnosis among Hispanics in the United States
    • 21773882 10.1007/s10903-011-9497-y
    • Chen NE, Gallant JE, Page KR. A systematic review of HIV/AIDS survival and delayed diagnosis among Hispanics in the United States. J Immigr Minor Health. 2012;14(1):65-81.
    • (2012) J Immigr Minor Health , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 65-81
    • Chen, N.E.1    Gallant, J.E.2    Page, K.R.3
  • 13
    • 0034715292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed medical care after diagnosis in a US national probability sample of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • 10999975 10.1001/archinte.160.17.2614 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvosFWlsw%3D%3D
    • Turner BJ, Cunningham WE, Duan N, et al. Delayed medical care after diagnosis in a US national probability sample of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(17):2614-22.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , Issue.17 , pp. 2614-2622
    • Turner, B.J.1    Cunningham, W.E.2    Duan, N.3
  • 14
    • 0035669092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation and continuation of newer antiretroviral treatments among medicaid recipients with AIDS
    • 11903765 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.01025.x 1:STN:280: DC%2BD387mvF2hug%3D%3D
    • Crystal S, Sambamoorthi U, Moynihan PJ, McSpiritt E. Initiation and continuation of newer antiretroviral treatments among medicaid recipients with AIDS. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(12):850-9.
    • (2001) J Gen Intern Med , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 850-859
    • Crystal, S.1    Sambamoorthi, U.2    Moynihan, P.J.3    McSpiritt, E.4
  • 15
    • 45149096806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for delayed initiation of medical care after diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus
    • 18541826 10.1001/archinte.168.11.1181
    • Torian LV, Wiewel EW, Liu KL, Sackoff JE, Frieden TR. Risk factors for delayed initiation of medical care after diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(11):1181-7.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , Issue.11 , pp. 1181-1187
    • Torian, L.V.1    Wiewel, E.W.2    Liu, K.L.3    Sackoff, J.E.4    Frieden, T.R.5
  • 16
    • 77950557191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV counseling and testing among Hispanics at CDC-funded sites in the United States, 2007
    • 20147691 10.2105/AJPH.2009.166355
    • Duran D, Usman HR, Beltrami J, Alvarez ME, Valleroy L, Lyles CM. HIV counseling and testing among Hispanics at CDC-funded sites in the United States, 2007. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(suppl 1):S152-8.
    • (2010) Am J Public Health , vol.100 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Duran, D.1    Usman, H.R.2    Beltrami, J.3    Alvarez, M.E.4    Valleroy, L.5    Lyles, C.M.6
  • 17
    • 70349200992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV testing factors associated with delayed entry into HIV medical care among HIV-infected persons from eighteen states, United States, 2000-2004
    • 19694550 10.1089/apc.2008.0213
    • Reed JB, Hanson D, McNaghten AD, et al. HIV testing factors associated with delayed entry into HIV medical care among HIV-infected persons from eighteen states, United States, 2000-2004. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009;23(9):765-73.
    • (2009) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.23 , Issue.9 , pp. 765-773
    • Reed, J.B.1    Hanson, D.2    McNaghten, A.D.3
  • 18
    • 77954515280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow Jones A, et al. Association of race, substance abuse, and health insurance coverage with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women, 2005
    • 19910347 10.2105/AJPH.2008.158949
    • Lillie-Blanton M, Stone VE. Snow Jones A, et al. Association of race, substance abuse, and health insurance coverage with use of highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected women, 2005. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(8):1493-9.
    • (2010) Am J Public Health , vol.100 , Issue.8 , pp. 1493-1499
    • Lillie-Blanton, M.1    Stone, V.E.2
  • 19
    • 59849092844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of acculturation on Latinos' perceived barriers to HIV primary care
    • 19157242
    • Rajabiun S, Rumptz MH, Felizzola J, et al. The impact of acculturation on Latinos' perceived barriers to HIV primary care. Ethn Dis. 2008;18(4):403-8.
    • (2008) Ethn Dis , vol.18 , Issue.4 , pp. 403-408
    • Rajabiun, S.1    Rumptz, M.H.2    Felizzola, J.3
  • 20
    • 70350602633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does stigma "get under the skin"?: The mediating role of emotion regulation
    • 19765237 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02441.x
    • Hatzenbuehler ML, Nolen-Hoeksema S, Dovidio J. How does stigma "get under the skin"?: the mediating role of emotion regulation. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(10):1282-9.
    • (2009) Psychol Sci , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Hatzenbuehler, M.L.1    Nolen-Hoeksema, S.2    Dovidio, J.3
  • 21
    • 0141429999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence
    • 12956539 10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
    • Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674-97.
    • (2003) Psychol Bull , vol.129 , Issue.5 , pp. 674-697
    • Meyer, I.H.1
  • 22
    • 0003080995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural diversity and health psychology
    • A. Baum J. Singer T. Revenson (eds) Erlbaum Mahwah
    • Landrine H, Klonoff EA. Cultural diversity and health psychology. In: Baum A, Singer J, Revenson T, editors. Handbook of health psychology. Mahwah: Erlbaum; 2001. p. 855-95.
    • (2001) Handbook of Health Psychology , pp. 855-895
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2
  • 23
    • 33745837607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health
    • 16585055 10.1093/ije/dyl056
    • Paradies Y. A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35(4):888-901.
    • (2006) Int J Epidemiol , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 888-901
    • Paradies, Y.1
  • 24
    • 0030811247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination
    • 22013026 10.1177/135910539700200305 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3Mbis1Wkuw%3D%3D
    • Williams DR, Yu Y, Jackson JS, Anderson NB. Racial differences in physical and mental health: socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. J Health Psychol. 1997;2(3):335-51.
    • (1997) J Health Psychol , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-351
    • Williams, D.R.1    Yu, Y.2    Jackson, J.S.3    Anderson, N.B.4
  • 25
    • 67650035047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review
    • 19586161 10.1037/a0016059
    • Pascoe EA, Smart Richman L. Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(4):531-54.
    • (2009) Psychol Bull , vol.135 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-554
    • Pascoe, E.A.1    Smart Richman, L.2
  • 27
    • 50049126399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and psychometric assessment of a multidimensional measure of internalized HIV stigma in a sample of HIV-positive adults
    • 18389363 10.1007/s10461-008-9375-3
    • Sayles JN, Hays RD, Sarkisian CA, Mahajan AP, Spritzer KL, Cunningham WE. Development and psychometric assessment of a multidimensional measure of internalized HIV stigma in a sample of HIV-positive adults. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(5):748-58.
    • (2008) AIDS Behav , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 748-758
    • Sayles, J.N.1    Hays, R.D.2    Sarkisian, C.A.3    Mahajan, A.P.4    Spritzer, K.L.5    Cunningham, W.E.6
  • 28
    • 33747846280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women
    • 16604295 10.1007/s10461-006-9099-1
    • Vanable PA, Carey MP, Blair DC, Littlewood RA. Impact of HIV-related stigma on health behaviors and psychological adjustment among HIV-positive men and women. AIDS Behav. 2006;10(5):473-82.
    • (2006) AIDS Behav , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 473-482
    • Vanable, P.A.1    Carey, M.P.2    Blair, D.C.3    Littlewood, R.A.4
  • 29
    • 0033091991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic disparities in health: The interplay between discrimination and socioeconomic status
    • 10421078 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzkslCntA%3D%3D
    • Ren XS, Amick BC, Williams DR. Racial/ethnic disparities in health: the interplay between discrimination and socioeconomic status. Ethn Dis. 1999;9(2):151-65.
    • (1999) Ethn Dis , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-165
    • Ren, X.S.1    Amick, B.C.2    Williams, D.R.3
  • 30
    • 33750184422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toll of ethnic discrimination on sleep architecture and fatigue
    • 17014281 10.1037/0278-6133.25.5.635
    • Thomas KS, Bardwell WA, Ancoli-Israel S, Dimsdale JE. The toll of ethnic discrimination on sleep architecture and fatigue. Health Psychol. 2006;25(5):635-42.
    • (2006) Health Psychol , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 635-642
    • Thomas, K.S.1    Bardwell, W.A.2    Ancoli-Israel, S.3    Dimsdale, J.E.4
  • 31
    • 33744988766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of self-reported racial discrimination and deprivation on Maori health and inequalities in New Zealand: Cross-sectional study
    • 16782491 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68890-9
    • Harris R, Tobias M, Jeffreys M, Waldegrave K, Karlsen S, Nazroo J. Effects of self-reported racial discrimination and deprivation on Maori health and inequalities in New Zealand: cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2006;367(9527):2005-9.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9527 , pp. 2005-2009
    • Harris, R.1    Tobias, M.2    Jeffreys, M.3    Waldegrave, K.4    Karlsen, S.5    Nazroo, J.6
  • 32
    • 34548026323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's enough to make you sick: The impact of racism on the health of Aboriginal Australians
    • 17725009 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00079.x
    • Larson A, Gillies M, Howard PJ, Coffin J. It's enough to make you sick: the impact of racism on the health of Aboriginal Australians. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007;31(4):322-9.
    • (2007) Aust N Z J Public Health , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 322-329
    • Larson, A.1    Gillies, M.2    Howard, P.J.3    Coffin, J.4
  • 33
    • 0033210179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model
    • 10540593 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FgvVSqug%3D%3D
    • Clark R, Anderson NB, Clark VR, Williams DR. Racism as a stressor for African Americans: a biopsychosocial model. Am Psychol. 1999;54(10):805-16.
    • (1999) Am Psychol , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 805-816
    • Clark, R.1    Anderson, N.B.2    Clark, V.R.3    Williams, D.R.4
  • 34
    • 58249106480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research
    • 19030981 10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
    • Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J Behav Med. 2009;32(1):20-47.
    • (2009) J Behav Med , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-47
    • Williams, D.R.1    Mohammed, S.A.2
  • 35
    • 32144431585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma and its public health implications
    • 16473129 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68184-1
    • Link BG, Phelan JC. Stigma and its public health implications. Lancet. 2006;367(9509):528-9.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.367 , Issue.9509 , pp. 528-529
    • Link, B.G.1    Phelan, J.C.2
  • 36
    • 33745684111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring HIV stigma: Existing knowledge and gaps
    • 17130069 10.1080/13548500600595178
    • Nyblade L. Measuring HIV stigma: existing knowledge and gaps. Psychol Health Med. 2006;11(3):335-45.
    • (2006) Psychol Health Med , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-345
    • Nyblade, L.1
  • 37
    • 18644377281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for the quantitative analysis of the layering of HIV-related stigma
    • 16036227 10.1080/09540120412331319769 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MznvVaitw%3D%3D
    • Reidpath DD, Chan KY. A method for the quantitative analysis of the layering of HIV-related stigma. AIDS Care. 2005;17(4):425-32.
    • (2005) AIDS Care , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-432
    • Reidpath, D.D.1    Chan, K.Y.2
  • 38
    • 72449182143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From conceptualizing to measuring HIV stigma: A review of HIV stigma mechanism measures
    • 19636699 10.1007/s10461-009-9593-3
    • Earnshaw VA, Chaudoir SR. From conceptualizing to measuring HIV stigma: a review of HIV stigma mechanism measures. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(6):1160-77.
    • (2009) AIDS Behav , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 1160-1177
    • Earnshaw, V.A.1    Chaudoir, S.R.2
  • 39
    • 51849139369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of race-, sexual orientation-, and HIV-related discrimination with adherence to HIV treatment: A pilot study
    • 18726151 10.1007/s10865-008-9169-0
    • Boarts JM, Bogart LM, Tabak MA, Armelie AP, Delahanty DL. Relationship of race-, sexual orientation-, and HIV-related discrimination with adherence to HIV treatment: a pilot study. J Behav Med. 2008;31(5):445-51.
    • (2008) J Behav Med , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 445-451
    • Boarts, J.M.1    Bogart, L.M.2    Tabak, M.A.3    Armelie, A.P.4    Delahanty, D.L.5
  • 40
    • 77957245106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV
    • 20552416 10.1007/s12160-010-9200-x
    • Bogart LM, Wagner GJ, Galvan FH, Klein DJ. Longitudinal relationships between antiretroviral treatment adherence and discrimination due to HIV-serostatus, race, and sexual orientation among African-American men with HIV. Ann Behav Med. 2010;40(2):184-90.
    • (2010) Ann Behav Med , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 184-190
    • Bogart, L.M.1    Wagner, G.J.2    Galvan, F.H.3    Klein, D.J.4
  • 41
    • 34547112256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minority stress and sexual problems among African-American gay and bisexual men
    • 17109233 10.1007/s10508-006-9081-z
    • Zamboni BD, Crawford I. Minority stress and sexual problems among African-American gay and bisexual men. Arch Sex Behav. 2007;36(4):569-78.
    • (2007) Arch Sex Behav , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-578
    • Zamboni, B.D.1    Crawford, I.2
  • 42
    • 0034986242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: Findings from 3 US cities
    • 11392936 10.2105/AJPH.91.6.927 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzhvVyruw%3D%3D
    • Diaz RM, Ayala G, Bein E, Henne J, Marin BV. The impact of homophobia, poverty, and racism on the mental health of gay and bisexual Latino men: findings from 3 US cities. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(6):927-32.
    • (2001) Am J Public Health , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 927-932
    • Diaz, R.M.1    Ayala, G.2    Bein, E.3    Henne, J.4    Marin, B.V.5
  • 43
    • 3943103444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual risk as an outcome of social oppression: Data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three U.S. cities
    • 15311978 10.1037/1099-9809.10.3.255
    • Diaz RM, Ayala G, Bein E. Sexual risk as an outcome of social oppression: data from a probability sample of Latino gay men in three U.S. cities. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2004;10(3):255-67.
    • (2004) Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 255-267
    • Diaz, R.M.1    Ayala, G.2    Bein, E.3
  • 44
    • 0024117498 scopus 로고
    • An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas
    • 2974883 10.1037/0022-3514.55.5.738 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FpsVKrtQ%3D%3D
    • Weiner B, Perry RP, Magnusson J. An attributional analysis of reactions to stigmas. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988;55(5):738-48.
    • (1988) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.55 , Issue.5 , pp. 738-748
    • Weiner, B.1    Perry, R.P.2    Magnusson, J.3
  • 45
    • 0347634475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and sexual identity: Perceptions about medical culture and healthcare among black men who have sex with men
    • 14746359
    • Malebranche DJ, Peterson JL, Fullilove RE, Stackhouse RW. Race and sexual identity: perceptions about medical culture and healthcare among black men who have sex with men. J Natl Med Assoc. 2004;96(1):97-107.
    • (2004) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.96 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-107
    • Malebranche, D.J.1    Peterson, J.L.2    Fullilove, R.E.3    Stackhouse, R.W.4
  • 46
    • 77950288344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among African American men with HIV
    • 19952767 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjvVSisrg%3D
    • Bogart LM, Wagner G, Galvan FH, Banks D. Conspiracy beliefs about HIV are related to antiretroviral treatment nonadherence among African American men with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53(5):648-55.
    • (2010) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr , vol.53 , Issue.5 , pp. 648-655
    • Bogart, L.M.1    Wagner, G.2    Galvan, F.H.3    Banks, D.4
  • 47
    • 80052697191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal association of HIV conspiracy beliefs with sexual risk among Black males living with HIV
    • 20734227 10.1007/s10461-010-9796-7
    • Bogart LM, Galvan FH, Wagner G, Klein DJ. Longitudinal association of HIV conspiracy beliefs with sexual risk among Black males living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(6):1180-6.
    • (2011) AIDS Behav , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 1180-1186
    • Bogart, L.M.1    Galvan, F.H.2    Wagner, G.3    Klein, D.J.4
  • 49
    • 84858866483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination as a key mediator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress and HIV treatment adherence among African American men
    • 21318411 10.1007/s10865-011-9320-1
    • Wagner GJ, Bogart LM, Galvan FH, Banks D, Klein DJ. Discrimination as a key mediator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress and HIV treatment adherence among African American men. J Behav Med. 2011;35(1):8-18.
    • (2011) J Behav Med , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-18
    • Wagner, G.J.1    Bogart, L.M.2    Galvan, F.H.3    Banks, D.4    Klein, D.J.5
  • 50
    • 0035651415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring stigma in people with HIV: Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale
    • 11746080 10.1002/nur.10011 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnpslensQ%3D%3D
    • Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR. Measuring stigma in people with HIV: psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):518-29.
    • (2001) Res Nurs Health , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 518-529
    • Berger, B.E.1    Ferrans, C.E.2    Lashley, F.R.3
  • 51
    • 0031032728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and health implications of anti-gay discrimination: A study of black and white women and men in the CARDIA cohort. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
    • 9031018 10.2190/HPB8-5M2N-VK6X-0FWN 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7ot1ykuw%3D%3D
    • Krieger N, Sidney S. Prevalence and health implications of anti-gay discrimination: a study of black and white women and men in the CARDIA cohort. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Int J Health Serv. 1997;27(1):157-76.
    • (1997) Int J Health Serv , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 157-176
    • Krieger, N.1    Sidney, S.2
  • 52
    • 0003116445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrimination and health
    • L.F. Berkman I. Kawachi (eds) Oxford University Press Oxford
    • Krieger N. Discrimination and health. In: Berkman LF, Kawachi I, editors. Social epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2000. p. 36-75.
    • (2000) Social Epidemiology , pp. 36-75
    • Krieger, N.1
  • 53
    • 34249000648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice
    • 17516773 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
    • Sue DW, Capodilupo CM, Torino GC, et al. Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. Am Psychol. 2007;62(4):271-86.
    • (2007) Am Psychol , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 271-286
    • Sue, D.W.1    Capodilupo, C.M.2    Torino, G.C.3
  • 54
    • 14844311331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation of a community version
    • 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02124.x
    • Brondolo E, Kelly KP, Coakley V, et al. The perceived ethnic discrimination questionnaire: development and preliminary validation of a community version. J Appl Soc Psychol. 2005;35(2):335-65.
    • (2005) J Appl Soc Psychol , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-365
    • Brondolo, E.1    Kelly, K.P.2    Coakley, V.3
  • 55
    • 34247680701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The schedule of racist events: A measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences
    • 10.1177/00957984960222002
    • Landrine H, Klonoff EA. The schedule of racist events: a measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. J Black Psychol. 1996;22(2):144-68.
    • (1996) J Black Psychol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 144-168
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2
  • 56
    • 0024117985 scopus 로고
    • Stress, expectancies, and vulnerability to substance abuse: A test of a model among homosexual men
    • 3264559 10.1037/0021-843X.97.4.461 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FnvF2qtg%3D%3D
    • McKirnan DJ, Peterson PL. Stress, expectancies, and vulnerability to substance abuse: a test of a model among homosexual men. J Abnorm Psychol. 1988;97(4):461-6.
    • (1988) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-466
    • McKirnan, D.J.1    Peterson, P.L.2
  • 57
    • 22244435218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health
    • 16005789 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.006
    • Krieger N, Smith K, Naishadham D, Hartman C, Barbeau EM. Experiences of discrimination: validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1576-96.
    • (2005) Soc Sci Med , vol.61 , Issue.7 , pp. 1576-1596
    • Krieger, N.1    Smith, K.2    Naishadham, D.3    Hartman, C.4    Barbeau, E.M.5
  • 58
    • 33644760674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research
    • 16470345 10.1007/s10865-005-9029-0
    • Landrine H, Klonoff EA, Corral I, Fernandez S, Roesch S. Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research. J Behav Med. 2006;29(1):79-94.
    • (2006) J Behav Med , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-94
    • Landrine, H.1    Klonoff, E.A.2    Corral, I.3    Fernandez, S.4    Roesch, S.5
  • 59
    • 0037311382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies
    • 12554570 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.200
    • Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):200-8.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-208
    • Williams, D.R.1    Neighbors, H.W.2    Jackson, J.S.3
  • 61
    • 84937549955 scopus 로고
    • The scree test for the number of factors
    • 10.1207/s15327906mbr0102-10
    • Cattell RB. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar Behav Res. 1966;1(2):245-76.
    • (1966) Multivar Behav Res , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 245-276
    • Cattell, R.B.1
  • 62
    • 84880609979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis
    • Costello AB, Osborne JW. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res Eval. 2005;10(7):173-8.
    • (2005) Pract Assess Res Eval , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 173-178
    • Costello, A.B.1    Osborne, J.W.2
  • 63
    • 57649119899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: The internalized AIDS-related stigma scale
    • 19085224 10.1080/09540120802032627
    • Kalichman SC, Simbayi LC, Cloete A, Mthembu PP, Mkhonta RN, Ginindza T. Measuring AIDS stigmas in people living with HIV/AIDS: the internalized AIDS-related stigma scale. AIDS Care. 2009;21(1):87-93.
    • (2009) AIDS Care , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-93
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Simbayi, L.C.2    Cloete, A.3    Mthembu, P.P.4    Mkhonta, R.N.5    Ginindza, T.6
  • 64
    • 60849097556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective
    • 10.1037/a0014672
    • Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: insights from a social psychological perspective. J Couns Psychol. 2009;56(1):32-43.
    • (2009) J Couns Psychol , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-43
    • Herek, G.M.1    Gillis, J.R.2    Cogan, J.C.3
  • 65
    • 0030865582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability and validity of self-report CD4 counts-in persons hospitalized with HIV disease
    • 9253395 10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00061-9 1:STN:280:DyaK2szpslegtg%3D%3D
    • Cunningham WE, Rana HM, Shapiro MF, Hays RD. Reliability and validity of self-report CD4 counts-in persons hospitalized with HIV disease. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50(7):829-35.
    • (1997) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.50 , Issue.7 , pp. 829-835
    • Cunningham, W.E.1    Rana, H.M.2    Shapiro, M.F.3    Hays, R.D.4
  • 66
    • 0033759605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns, correlates, and barriers to medication adherence among persons prescribed new treatments for HIV disease
    • 10762096 10.1037/0278-6133.19.2.124 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3it1OgsQ%3D%3D
    • Catz SL, Kelly JA, Bogart LM, Benotsch EG, McAuliffe TL. Patterns, correlates, and barriers to medication adherence among persons prescribed new treatments for HIV disease. Health Psychol. 2000;19(2):124-33.
    • (2000) Health Psychol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 124-133
    • Catz, S.L.1    Kelly, J.A.2    Bogart, L.M.3    Benotsch, E.G.4    McAuliffe, T.L.5
  • 67
    • 0032934575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapies in HIV patients of low health literacy
    • 10337035 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.00334.x 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ntFSksA%3D%3D
    • Kalichman SC, Ramachandran B, Catz S. Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapies in HIV patients of low health literacy. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14(5):267-73.
    • (1999) J Gen Intern Med , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 267-273
    • Kalichman, S.C.1    Ramachandran, B.2    Catz, S.3
  • 68
    • 0034223101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National estimates of HIV-related symptom prevalence from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study
    • 10901358 10.1097/00005650-200007000-00007 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3czovVaksA%3D%3D
    • Mathews WC, McCutchan JA, Asch S, et al. National estimates of HIV-related symptom prevalence from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. Med Care. 2000;38(7):750-62.
    • (2000) Med Care , vol.38 , Issue.7 , pp. 750-762
    • Mathews, W.C.1    McCutchan, J.A.2    Asch, S.3
  • 69
    • 34548559282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 emergency department summary
    • 17703794
    • Nawar EW, Niska RW, Xu J. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2007;386:1-32.
    • (2007) Adv Data , vol.386 , pp. 1-32
    • Nawar, E.W.1    Niska, R.W.2    Xu, J.3
  • 70
    • 43949130427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the patterns of health care system distrust between blacks and whites
    • 18299939 10.1007/s11606-008-0561-9
    • Armstrong K, McMurphy S, Dean LT, et al. Differences in the patterns of health care system distrust between blacks and whites. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(6):827-33.
    • (2008) J Gen Intern Med , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 827-833
    • Armstrong, K.1    McMurphy, S.2    Dean, L.T.3
  • 71
    • 22044433806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The legacy of Tuskegee and trust in medical care: Is Tuskegee responsible for race differences in mistrust of medical care?
    • 16080664
    • Brandon DT, Isaac LA, LaVeist TA. The legacy of Tuskegee and trust in medical care: is Tuskegee responsible for race differences in mistrust of medical care? J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97(7):951-6.
    • (2005) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.97 , Issue.7 , pp. 951-956
    • Brandon, D.T.1    Isaac, L.A.2    Laveist, T.A.3
  • 72
    • 16444375864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' beliefs about racism, preferences for physician race, and satisfaction with care
    • 15798040 10.1370/afm.282
    • Chen FM, Fryer GEJ, Phillips RLJ, Wilson E, Pathman DE. Patients' beliefs about racism, preferences for physician race, and satisfaction with care. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(2):138-43.
    • (2005) Ann Fam Med , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-143
    • Chen, F.M.1    Fryer, G.E.J.2    Phillips, R.L.J.3    Wilson, E.4    Pathman, D.E.5
  • 73
    • 50949131197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceived discrimination in health care and health status in a racially diverse sample
    • 18725844 10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181792562
    • Hausmann LR, Jeong K, Bost JE, Ibrahim SA. Perceived discrimination in health care and health status in a racially diverse sample. Med Care. 2008;46(9):905-14.
    • (2008) Med Care , vol.46 , Issue.9 , pp. 905-914
    • Hausmann, L.R.1    Jeong, K.2    Bost, J.E.3    Ibrahim, S.A.4
  • 74
    • 0033784543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and white cardiac patients
    • 11092161
    • LaVeist TA, Nickerson KJ, Bowie JV. Attitudes about racism, medical mistrust, and satisfaction with care among African American and white cardiac patients. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57(suppl 1):146-61.
    • (2000) Med Care Res Rev , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 146-161
    • Laveist, T.A.1    Nickerson, K.J.2    Bowie, J.V.3
  • 75
    • 0033793785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, ethnicity, and the health care system: Public perceptions and experiences
    • 11092164
    • Lillie-Blanton M, Brodie M, Rowland D, Altman D, McIntosh M. Race, ethnicity, and the health care system: public perceptions and experiences. Med Care Res Rev. 2000;57(suppl 1):218-35.
    • (2000) Med Care Res Rev , vol.57 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 218-235
    • Lillie-Blanton, M.1    Brodie, M.2    Rowland, D.3    Altman, D.4    McIntosh, M.5
  • 76
    • 27744587020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in attitudes toward antiviral medication: A comparison of women living with HIV/AIDS in the pre-HAART and HAART eras
    • 16088368 10.1007/s10461-005-9001-6
    • Schrimshaw EW, Siegel K, Lekas HM. Changes in attitudes toward antiviral medication: a comparison of women living with HIV/AIDS in the pre-HAART and HAART eras. AIDS Behav. 2005;9(3):267-79.
    • (2005) AIDS Behav , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-279
    • Schrimshaw, E.W.1    Siegel, K.2    Lekas, H.M.3
  • 77
    • 0033860420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in attitudes toward protease inhibitors among older HIV-infected men
    • 11091775 10.1080/09540120050123828 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FltFaksw%3D%3D
    • Siegel K, Karus D, Schrimshaw EW. Racial differences in attitudes toward protease inhibitors among older HIV-infected men. AIDS Care. 2000;12(4):423-34.
    • (2000) AIDS Care. , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 423-434
    • Siegel, K.1    Karus, D.2    Schrimshaw, E.W.3
  • 78
    • 0037329316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: What have we learned?
    • 12627743 10.1521/aeap.15.1.49.23844
    • Brown L, Macintyre K, Trujillo L. Interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: what have we learned? AIDS Educ Prev. 2003;15(1):49-69.
    • (2003) AIDS Educ Prev , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-69
    • Brown, L.1    MacIntyre, K.2    Trujillo, L.3
  • 79
    • 52249093775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward
    • 18641472 10.1097/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62
    • Mahajan AP, Sayles JN, Patel VA, et al. Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS. 2008;22(suppl 2):S67-79.
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Mahajan, A.P.1    Sayles, J.N.2    Patel, V.A.3
  • 80
    • 0030138122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health
    • 8668748 10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488 1:STN:280:DyaK283itVGltw%3D%3D
    • Uchino BN, Cacioppo JT, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychol Bull. 1996;119(3):488-531.
    • (1996) Psychol Bull , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 488-531
    • Uchino, B.N.1    Cacioppo, J.T.2    Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K.3
  • 81
    • 0023725957 scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease
    • 3289916 10.1037/0278-6133.7.3.269 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3lsVOltQ%3D%3D
    • Cohen S. Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease. Health Psychol. 1988;7(3):269-97.
    • (1988) Health Psychol , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 269-297
    • Cohen, S.1
  • 82
    • 69949141251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does sexual minority stigma "get under the skin"? A psychological mediation framework
    • 19702379 10.1037/a0016441
    • Hatzenbuehler ML. How does sexual minority stigma "get under the skin"? A psychological mediation framework. Psychol Bull. 2009;135(5):707-30.
    • (2009) Psychol Bull. , vol.135 , Issue.5 , pp. 707-730
    • Hatzenbuehler, M.L.1
  • 84
    • 0035540663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion regulation in adulthood: Timing is everything
    • 10.1111/1467-8721.00152
    • Gross JJ. Emotion regulation in adulthood: timing is everything. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2001;10(6):214-9.
    • (2001) Curr Dir Psychol Sci , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 214-219
    • Gross, J.J.1
  • 85
    • 0242474299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being
    • 12916575 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
    • Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85(2):348-62.
    • (2003) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.85 , Issue.2 , pp. 348-362
    • Gross, J.J.1    John, O.P.2
  • 86
    • 33745196004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory
    • 16737372 10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
    • Pettigrew TF, Tropp LR. A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006;90(5):751-83.
    • (2006) J Pers Soc Psychol , vol.90 , Issue.5 , pp. 751-783
    • Pettigrew, T.F.1    Tropp, L.R.2
  • 88
    • 0037310796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice as stress: Conceptual and measurement problems
    • 12554580 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.262
    • Meyer IH. Prejudice as stress: conceptual and measurement problems. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):262.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 262
    • Meyer, I.H.1
  • 89
    • 0037308474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment discrimination, segregation, and health
    • 12554574 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.226
    • Darity WA Jr. Employment discrimination, segregation, and health. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(2):226-31.
    • (2003) Am J Public Health , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 226-231
    • Darity, Jr.W.A.1
  • 90
    • 79960598363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of perceived racism and self-reported health: Examination of racial/ethnic differences and potential mediators
    • 21374099 10.1007/s12160-011-9265-1
    • Brondolo E, Hausmann LR, Jhalani J, et al. Dimensions of perceived racism and self-reported health: examination of racial/ethnic differences and potential mediators. Ann Behav Med. 2011;42(1):14-28.
    • (2011) Ann Behav Med , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-28
    • Brondolo, E.1    Hausmann, L.R.2    Jhalani, J.3
  • 91
    • 84867646481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial discrimination and health-promoting vs damaging behaviors among African-American adults
    • 22313668 10.1177/1359105311435429
    • Corral I, Landrine H. Racial discrimination and health-promoting vs damaging behaviors among African-American adults. J Health Psychol. 2012;17(8):1176-82.
    • (2012) J Health Psychol. , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 1176-1182
    • Corral, I.1    Landrine, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.