메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 264, Issue 8, 2017, Pages 1634-1641

Iron, dopamine, genetics, and hormones in the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome

Author keywords

Dopamine; Genetics; Iron; Pathophysiology; Restless legs syndrome

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; ENDORPHIN; HORMONE; IRON; LEVODOPA; MELANOCORTIN;

EID: 85013813744     PISSN: 03405354     EISSN: 14321459     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8431-1     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (82)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 79955053543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome: understanding its consequences and the need for better treatment
    • PID: 20817595
    • Earley CJ, Silber MH (2010) Restless legs syndrome: understanding its consequences and the need for better treatment. Sleep Med 11:807–815
    • (2010) Sleep Med , vol.11 , pp. 807-815
    • Earley, C.J.1    Silber, M.H.2
  • 3
    • 69949091196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mnhs1OisQ%3D%3D, PID: 19345965
    • Ghorayeb I, Tison F (2009) Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome. Rev Neurol 165:641–649
    • (2009) Rev Neurol , vol.165 , pp. 641-649
    • Ghorayeb, I.1    Tison, F.2
  • 4
    • 84904876933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria—history, rationale, description, and significance
    • PID: 25023924
    • Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, Ondo WG, Walters AS, Winkelman JW, Zucconi M, Ferri R, Trenkwalder C, Lee HB (2014) Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria—history, rationale, description, and significance. Sleep Med 15:860–873
    • (2014) Sleep Med , vol.15 , pp. 860-873
    • Allen, R.P.1    Picchietti, D.L.2    Garcia-Borreguero, D.3    Ondo, W.G.4    Walters, A.S.5    Winkelman, J.W.6    Zucconi, M.7    Ferri, R.8    Trenkwalder, C.9    Lee, H.B.10
  • 8
    • 84938966227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation
    • PID: 26215616
    • Trenkwalder C, Winkelmann J, Inoue Y, Paulus W (2015) Restless legs syndrome-current therapies and management of augmentation. Nat Rev Neurol 11:434–445
    • (2015) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 434-445
    • Trenkwalder, C.1    Winkelmann, J.2    Inoue, Y.3    Paulus, W.4
  • 9
    • 34447259890 scopus 로고
    • Therapy in restless legs
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaG2c%2FgtVekuw%3D%3D, PID: 13079659
    • Nordlander NB (1953) Therapy in restless legs. Acta Med Scand 145:453–457
    • (1953) Acta Med Scand , vol.145 , pp. 453-457
    • Nordlander, N.B.1
  • 10
    • 0038670759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency alters brain development and functioning
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1Oqsrs%3D, PID: 12730445
    • Beard J (2003) Iron deficiency alters brain development and functioning. J Nutr 133:1468s–1472s
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , pp. 1468s-1472s
    • Beard, J.1
  • 11
    • 4043053777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron and brain disorders
    • PID: 15298151
    • Sadrzadeh SM, Saffari Y (2004) Iron and brain disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 121(Suppl):S64–S70
    • (2004) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.121 , pp. S64-S70
    • Sadrzadeh, S.M.1    Saffari, Y.2
  • 13
    • 0029808238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28zpslensw%3D%3D, PID: 8804235
    • Winkelman JW, Chertow GM, Lazarus JM (1996) Restless legs syndrome in end-stage renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 28:372–378
    • (1996) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.28 , pp. 372-378
    • Winkelman, J.W.1    Chertow, G.M.2    Lazarus, J.M.3
  • 14
    • 84875581445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia
    • PID: 23494945
    • Allen RP, Auerbach S, Bahrain H, Auerbach M, Earley CJ (2013) The prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome on patients with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Hematol 88:261–264
    • (2013) Am J Hematol , vol.88 , pp. 261-264
    • Allen, R.P.1    Auerbach, S.2    Bahrain, H.3    Auerbach, M.4    Earley, C.J.5
  • 15
    • 67349120622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The severity range of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and augmentation in a prospective patient cohort: association with ferritin levels
    • PID: 19200780
    • Frauscher B, Gschliesser V, Brandauer E, El-Demerdash E, Kaneider M, Rucker L, Poewe W, Hogl B (2009) The severity range of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and augmentation in a prospective patient cohort: association with ferritin levels. Sleep Med 10:611–615
    • (2009) Sleep Med , vol.10 , pp. 611-615
    • Frauscher, B.1    Gschliesser, V.2    Brandauer, E.3    El-Demerdash, E.4    Kaneider, M.5    Rucker, L.6    Poewe, W.7    Hogl, B.8
  • 16
    • 0035936633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7pt1ygsw%3D%3D, PID: 11160969
    • Allen RP, Barker PB, Wehrl FW, Song HK, Earley CJ (2001) MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome. Neurology 56:263–265
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 263-265
    • Allen, R.P.1    Barker, P.B.2    Wehrl, F.W.3    Song, H.K.4    Earley, C.J.5
  • 17
    • 33746774822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI-determined regional brain iron concentrations in early- and late-onset restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 16740411
    • Earley CJ, Barker PB, Horská A, Allen RP (2006) MRI-determined regional brain iron concentrations in early- and late-onset restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 7:458–461
    • (2006) Sleep Med , vol.7 , pp. 458-461
    • Earley, C.J.1    Barker, P.B.2    Horská, A.3    Allen, R.P.4
  • 18
    • 52649174218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiregional brain iron deficiency in restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 18442125
    • Godau J, Klose U, Di Santo A, Schweitzer K, Berg D (2008) Multiregional brain iron deficiency in restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 23:1184–1187
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1184-1187
    • Godau, J.1    Klose, U.2    Di Santo, A.3    Schweitzer, K.4    Berg, D.5
  • 19
    • 14944358625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overexpression of mitochondrial ferritin causes cytosolic iron depletion and changes cellular iron homeostasis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitVOnt7w%3D, PID: 15522954
    • Nie G, Sheftel AD, Kim SF, Ponka P (2005) Overexpression of mitochondrial ferritin causes cytosolic iron depletion and changes cellular iron homeostasis. Blood 105:2161–2167
    • (2005) Blood , vol.105 , pp. 2161-2167
    • Nie, G.1    Sheftel, A.D.2    Kim, S.F.3    Ponka, P.4
  • 20
    • 0042626103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3sznslOktA%3D%3D, PID: 12913188
    • Connor JR, Boyer PJ, Menzies SL, Dellinger B, Allen RP, Ondo WG, Earley CJ (2003) Neuropathological examination suggests impaired brain iron acquisition in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 61:304–309
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 304-309
    • Connor, J.R.1    Boyer, P.J.2    Menzies, S.L.3    Dellinger, B.4    Allen, R.P.5    Ondo, W.G.6    Earley, C.J.7
  • 21
    • 2342554293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased transferrin receptor expression by neuromelanin cells in restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjt1yltbY%3D, PID: 15136682
    • Connor JR, Wang XS, Patton SM, Menzies SL, Troncoso JC, Earley CJ, Allen RP (2004) Decreased transferrin receptor expression by neuromelanin cells in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 62:1563–1567
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1563-1567
    • Connor, J.R.1    Wang, X.S.2    Patton, S.M.3    Menzies, S.L.4    Troncoso, J.C.5    Earley, C.J.6    Allen, R.P.7
  • 22
    • 31944437979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferritin subunits in CSF are decreased in restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFShu74%3D, PID: 16459164
    • Clardy SL, Earley CJ, Allen RP, Beard JL, Connor JR (2006) Ferritin subunits in CSF are decreased in restless legs syndrome. J Lab Clin Med 147:67–73
    • (2006) J Lab Clin Med , vol.147 , pp. 67-73
    • Clardy, S.L.1    Earley, C.J.2    Allen, R.P.3    Beard, J.L.4    Connor, J.R.5
  • 23
    • 0034102395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in CSF concentrations of ferritin and transferrin in restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjtF2ltLs%3D, PID: 10762522
    • Earley CJ, Connor JR, Beard JL, Malecki EA, Epstein DK, Allen RP (2000) Abnormalities in CSF concentrations of ferritin and transferrin in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 54:1698–1700
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 1698-1700
    • Earley, C.J.1    Connor, J.R.2    Beard, J.L.3    Malecki, E.A.4    Epstein, D.K.5    Allen, R.P.6
  • 24
    • 15444362927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 15743333
    • Mizuno S, Mihara T, Miyaoka T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J (2005) CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome. J Sleep Res 14:43–47
    • (2005) J Sleep Res , vol.14 , pp. 43-47
    • Mizuno, S.1    Mihara, T.2    Miyaoka, T.3    Inagaki, T.4    Horiguchi, J.5
  • 25
    • 33751351329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of dietary iron deprivation on murine circadian sleep architecture
    • PID: 17098470
    • Dean T Jr, Allen RP, O’Donnell CP, Earley CJ (2006) The effects of dietary iron deprivation on murine circadian sleep architecture. Sleep Med 7:634–640
    • (2006) Sleep Med , vol.7 , pp. 634-640
    • Dean, T.1    Allen, R.P.2    O’Donnell, C.P.3    Earley, C.J.4
  • 27
    • 80053916106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activation in restless legs syndrome patients
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfpvF2isg%3D%3D, PID: 21985026
    • Patton SM, Ponnuru P, Snyder AM, Podskalny GD, Connor JR (2011) Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activation in restless legs syndrome patients. Eur J Neurol 18:1329–1335
    • (2011) Eur J Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 1329-1335
    • Patton, S.M.1    Ponnuru, P.2    Snyder, A.M.3    Podskalny, G.D.4    Connor, J.R.5
  • 28
    • 0029842459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation to hypoxia
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XltVags70%3D, PID: 8757790
    • Bunn HF, Poyton RO (1996) Oxygen sensing and molecular adaptation to hypoxia. Physiol Rev 76:839–885
    • (1996) Physiol Rev , vol.76 , pp. 839-885
    • Bunn, H.F.1    Poyton, R.O.2
  • 29
    • 0000655498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a hypoxia response element in the transferrin receptor gene
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlsVOntbs%3D, PID: 10446188
    • Lok CN, Ponka P (1999) Identification of a hypoxia response element in the transferrin receptor gene. J Biol Chem 274:24147–24152
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 24147-24152
    • Lok, C.N.1    Ponka, P.2
  • 33
    • 0033735651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency alters dopamine transporter functioning in rat striatum
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXnvVOltLs%3D, PID: 11053528
    • Erikson KM, Jones BC, Beard JL (2000) Iron deficiency alters dopamine transporter functioning in rat striatum. J Nutr 130:2831–2837
    • (2000) J Nutr , vol.130 , pp. 2831-2837
    • Erikson, K.M.1    Jones, B.C.2    Beard, J.L.3
  • 34
    • 0014126197 scopus 로고
    • The incorporation of various metal ions into in vivo- and in vitro-produced melanin
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF2sXkvFOjs7s%3D, PID: 6053863
    • Bruenger FW, Stover BJ, Atherton DR (1967) The incorporation of various metal ions into in vivo- and in vitro-produced melanin. Radiat Res 32:1–12
    • (1967) Radiat Res , vol.32 , pp. 1-12
    • Bruenger, F.W.1    Stover, B.J.2    Atherton, D.R.3
  • 35
    • 0023804321 scopus 로고
    • Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1M%2FpsVegsQ%3D%3D, PID: 3210014
    • Sofic E, Riederer P, Heinsen H, Beckmann H, Reynolds GP, Hebenstreit G, Youdim MB (1988) Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. J Neural Transm 74:199–205
    • (1988) J Neural Transm , vol.74 , pp. 199-205
    • Sofic, E.1    Riederer, P.2    Heinsen, H.3    Beckmann, H.4    Reynolds, G.P.5    Hebenstreit, G.6    Youdim, M.B.7
  • 36
    • 78650915989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D3 receptor specifically modulates motor and sensory symptoms in iron-deficient mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXls1yiuw%3D%3D, PID: 21209191
    • Dowling P, Klinker F, Stadelmann C, Hasan K, Paulus W, Liebetanz D (2011) Dopamine D3 receptor specifically modulates motor and sensory symptoms in iron-deficient mice. J Neurosci 31:70–77
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 70-77
    • Dowling, P.1    Klinker, F.2    Stadelmann, C.3    Hasan, K.4    Paulus, W.5    Liebetanz, D.6
  • 37
    • 71549117331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered dopaminergic profile in the putamen and substantia nigra in restless leg syndrome
    • PID: 19467991
    • Connor JR, Wang XS, Allen RP, Beard JL, Wiesinger JA, Felt BT, Earley CJ (2009) Altered dopaminergic profile in the putamen and substantia nigra in restless leg syndrome. Brain 132:2403–2412
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2403-2412
    • Connor, J.R.1    Wang, X.S.2    Allen, R.P.3    Beard, J.L.4    Wiesinger, J.A.5    Felt, B.T.6    Earley, C.J.7
  • 38
    • 0028200773 scopus 로고
    • Altered monamine metabolism in caudate-putamen of iron-deficient rats
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksFGjtrg%3D, PID: 7524105
    • Beard JL, Chen Q, Connor J, Jones BC (1994) Altered monamine metabolism in caudate-putamen of iron-deficient rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 48:621–624
    • (1994) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.48 , pp. 621-624
    • Beard, J.L.1    Chen, Q.2    Connor, J.3    Jones, B.C.4
  • 39
    • 45249086166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency alters dopamine uptake and response to L-DOPA injection in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXot1Ogs7o%3D, PID: 18363828
    • Bianco LE, Wiesinger J, Earley CJ, Jones BC, Beard JL (2008) Iron deficiency alters dopamine uptake and response to L-DOPA injection in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Neurochem 106:205–215
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.106 , pp. 205-215
    • Bianco, L.E.1    Wiesinger, J.2    Earley, C.J.3    Jones, B.C.4    Beard, J.L.5
  • 40
    • 0020446130 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional iron and dopamine binding sites in the rat brain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XmtV2itLc%3D, PID: 7184034
    • Ashkenazi R, Ben-Shachar D, Youdim MB (1982) Nutritional iron and dopamine binding sites in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 17(Suppl 1):43–47
    • (1982) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.17 , pp. 43-47
    • Ashkenazi, R.1    Ben-Shachar, D.2    Youdim, M.B.3
  • 41
    • 0034870831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency decreases dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFWku7c%3D, PID: 11509198
    • Erikson KM, Jones BC, Hess EJ, Zhang Q, Beard JL (2001) Iron deficiency decreases dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 69:409–418
    • (2001) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.69 , pp. 409-418
    • Erikson, K.M.1    Jones, B.C.2    Hess, E.J.3    Zhang, Q.4    Beard, J.L.5
  • 42
    • 57349095241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine D2 receptor expression is altered by changes in cellular iron levels in PC12 cells and rat brain tissue
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVClsbrN, PID: 19022977
    • Unger EL, Wiesinger JA, Hao L, Beard JL (2008) Dopamine D2 receptor expression is altered by changes in cellular iron levels in PC12 cells and rat brain tissue. J Nutr 138:2487–2494
    • (2008) J Nutr , vol.138 , pp. 2487-2494
    • Unger, E.L.1    Wiesinger, J.A.2    Hao, L.3    Beard, J.L.4
  • 43
    • 84905825718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low brain iron effects and reversibility on striatal dopamine dynamics
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtlKrtrfL, PID: 24999026
    • Unger EL, Bianco LE, Jones BC, Allen RP, Earley CJ (2014) Low brain iron effects and reversibility on striatal dopamine dynamics. Exp Neurol 261:462–468
    • (2014) Exp Neurol , vol.261 , pp. 462-468
    • Unger, E.L.1    Bianco, L.E.2    Jones, B.C.3    Allen, R.P.4    Earley, C.J.5
  • 44
    • 0021926968 scopus 로고
    • Familial restless legs with periodic movements in sleep: electrophysiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic study
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2M%2Fos1OmtA%3D%3D, PID: 3965987
    • Montplaisir J, Godbout R, Boghen D, DeChamplain J, Young SN, Lapierre G (1985) Familial restless legs with periodic movements in sleep: electrophysiologic, biochemical, and pharmacologic study. Neurology 35:130–134
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 130-134
    • Montplaisir, J.1    Godbout, R.2    Boghen, D.3    DeChamplain, J.4    Young, S.N.5    Lapierre, G.6
  • 45
    • 58149520934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormally increased CSF 3-ortho-methyldopa (3-OMD) in untreated restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients indicates more severe disease and possibly abnormally increased dopamine synthesis
    • PID: 18226951
    • Allen RP, Connor JR, Hyland K, Earley CJ (2009) Abnormally increased CSF 3-ortho-methyldopa (3-OMD) in untreated restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients indicates more severe disease and possibly abnormally increased dopamine synthesis. Sleep Med 10:123–128
    • (2009) Sleep Med , vol.10 , pp. 123-128
    • Allen, R.P.1    Connor, J.R.2    Hyland, K.3    Earley, C.J.4
  • 46
    • 33645931007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian changes in CSF dopaminergic measures in restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 16564215
    • Earley CJ, Hyland K, Allen RP (2006) Circadian changes in CSF dopaminergic measures in restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med 7:263–268
    • (2006) Sleep Med , vol.7 , pp. 263-268
    • Earley, C.J.1    Hyland, K.2    Allen, R.P.3
  • 47
    • 84940387083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless leg syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease pathophysiology
    • PID: 26329430
    • Allen RP (2015) Restless leg syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease pathophysiology. Sleep Med Clin 10:207–214
    • (2015) Sleep Med Clin , vol.10 , pp. 207-214
    • Allen, R.P.1
  • 48
    • 84908463653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)
    • PID: 25201131
    • Earley CJ, Connor J, Garcia-Borreguero D, Jenner P, Winkelman J, Zee PC, Allen R (2014) Altered brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease). Sleep Med 15:1288–1301
    • (2014) Sleep Med , vol.15 , pp. 1288-1301
    • Earley, C.J.1    Connor, J.2    Garcia-Borreguero, D.3    Jenner, P.4    Winkelman, J.5    Zee, P.C.6    Allen, R.7
  • 49
    • 0037738587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health
    • PID: 14592341
    • Allen RP, Picchietti D, Hening WA, Trenkwalder C, Walters AS, Montplaisi J (2003) Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health. Sleep Med 4:101–119
    • (2003) Sleep Med , vol.4 , pp. 101-119
    • Allen, R.P.1    Picchietti, D.2    Hening, W.A.3    Trenkwalder, C.4    Walters, A.S.5    Montplaisi, J.6
  • 50
    • 84867913961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements of sleep
    • PID: 23099132
    • Rye DB, Trotti LM (2012) Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements of sleep. Neurol Clin 30:1137–1166
    • (2012) Neurol Clin , vol.30 , pp. 1137-1166
    • Rye, D.B.1    Trotti, L.M.2
  • 51
    • 34547937270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic limb movements in sleep–endophenotype for restless legs syndrome?
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXptFKqsLg%3D, PID: 17634452
    • Winkelman JW (2007) Periodic limb movements in sleep–endophenotype for restless legs syndrome? N Engl J Med 357:703–705
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 703-705
    • Winkelman, J.W.1
  • 53
    • 0030059442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical symptoms and possible anticipation in a large kindred of familial restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28vgvVWksQ%3D%3D, PID: 8813218
    • Trenkwalder C, Seidel VC, Gasser T, Oertel WH (1996) Clinical symptoms and possible anticipation in a large kindred of familial restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 11:389–394
    • (1996) Mov Disord , vol.11 , pp. 389-394
    • Trenkwalder, C.1    Seidel, V.C.2    Gasser, T.3    Oertel, W.H.4
  • 54
    • 40749133017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome: an update on genetics and future perspectives
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVOnsr%2FP, PID: 18070136
    • Pichler I, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP (2008) Restless legs syndrome: an update on genetics and future perspectives. Clin Genet 73:297–305
    • (2008) Clin Genet , vol.73 , pp. 297-305
    • Pichler, I.1    Hicks, A.A.2    Pramstaller, P.P.3
  • 55
    • 49649105725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVeisLbP, PID: 18541116
    • Winkelmann J (2008) Genetics of restless legs syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 8:211–216
    • (2008) Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep , vol.8 , pp. 211-216
    • Winkelmann, J.1
  • 56
    • 84906874745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periodic leg movements during sleep are associated with polymorphisms in BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, MEIS1, MAP2K5/SKOR1, and PTPRD
    • Ht Moore, Winkelmann J, Lin L, Finn L, Peppard P, Mignot E (2014) Periodic leg movements during sleep are associated with polymorphisms in BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, MEIS1, MAP2K5/SKOR1, and PTPRD. Sleep 37:1535–1542
    • (2014) Sleep , vol.37 , pp. 1535-1542
    • Ht, M.1    Winkelmann, J.2    Lin, L.3    Finn, L.4    Peppard, P.5    Mignot, E.6
  • 60
    • 80052962734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association studies of variants in MEIS1, BTBD9, and MAP2K5/SKOR1 with restless legs syndrome in a US population
    • PID: 21925394
    • Yang Q, Li L, Chen Q, Foldvary-Schaefer N, Ondo WG, Wang QK (2011) Association studies of variants in MEIS1, BTBD9, and MAP2K5/SKOR1 with restless legs syndrome in a US population. Sleep Med 12:800–804
    • (2011) Sleep Med , vol.12 , pp. 800-804
    • Yang, Q.1    Li, L.2    Chen, Q.3    Foldvary-Schaefer, N.4    Ondo, W.G.5    Wang, Q.K.6
  • 61
    • 33748036750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undiagnosed individuals with first-degree relatives with restless legs syndrome have increased periodic limb movements
    • PID: 16934525
    • Birinyi PV, Allen RP, Hening W, Washburn T, Lesage S, Earley CJ (2006) Undiagnosed individuals with first-degree relatives with restless legs syndrome have increased periodic limb movements. Sleep Med 7:480–485
    • (2006) Sleep Med , vol.7 , pp. 480-485
    • Birinyi, P.V.1    Allen, R.P.2    Hening, W.3    Washburn, T.4    Lesage, S.5    Earley, C.J.6
  • 64
    • 84865752864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor restlessness, sleep disturbances, thermal sensory alterations and elevated serum iron levels in Btbd9 mutant mice
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1yntrrN, PID: 22678064
    • DeAndrade MP, Johnson RL Jr, Unger EL, Zhang L, van Groen T, Gamble KL, Li Y (2012) Motor restlessness, sleep disturbances, thermal sensory alterations and elevated serum iron levels in Btbd9 mutant mice. Hum Mol Genet 21:3984–3992
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 3984-3992
    • DeAndrade, M.P.1    Johnson, R.L.2    Unger, E.L.3    Zhang, L.4    van Groen, T.5    Gamble, K.L.6    Li, Y.7
  • 66
    • 84868266043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering genes required for neuronal morphology by morphology-based gene trap screening with a revertible retrovirus vector
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1Cju7%2FL, PID: 22874834
    • Hashimoto Y, Muramatsu K, Kunii M, Yoshimura S, Yamada M, Sato T, Ishida Y, Harada R, Harada A (2012) Uncovering genes required for neuronal morphology by morphology-based gene trap screening with a revertible retrovirus vector. FASEB J 26:4662–4674
    • (2012) FASEB J , vol.26 , pp. 4662-4674
    • Hashimoto, Y.1    Muramatsu, K.2    Kunii, M.3    Yoshimura, S.4    Yamada, M.5    Sato, T.6    Ishida, Y.7    Harada, R.8    Harada, A.9
  • 67
    • 84940461784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular genetics of restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 26329432
    • Rye DB (2015) The molecular genetics of restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med Clin 10:227–233
    • (2015) Sleep Med Clin , vol.10 , pp. 227-233
    • Rye, D.B.1
  • 68
    • 36248937213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the crucial roles of Meis1 in leukemogenesis and normal hematopoiesis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlGmsrjM, PID: 18006680
    • Argiropoulos B, Yung E, Humphries RK (2007) Unraveling the crucial roles of Meis1 in leukemogenesis and normal hematopoiesis. Genes Dev 21:2845–2849
    • (2007) Genes Dev , vol.21 , pp. 2845-2849
    • Argiropoulos, B.1    Yung, E.2    Humphries, R.K.3
  • 69
    • 18844434679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The homeodomain protein Meis1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis and vascular patterning in the mouse embryo
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVGks7c%3D, PID: 15882575
    • Azcoitia V, Aracil M, Martinez AC, Torres M (2005) The homeodomain protein Meis1 is essential for definitive hematopoiesis and vascular patterning in the mouse embryo. Dev Biol 280:307–320
    • (2005) Dev Biol , vol.280 , pp. 307-320
    • Azcoitia, V.1    Aracil, M.2    Martinez, A.C.3    Torres, M.4
  • 70
    • 49449101077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • meis1 regulates the development of endothelial cells in zebrafish
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtValsr7F, PID: 18656453
    • Minehata K, Kawahara A, Suzuki T (2008) meis1 regulates the development of endothelial cells in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 374:647–652
    • (2008) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.374 , pp. 647-652
    • Minehata, K.1    Kawahara, A.2    Suzuki, T.3
  • 71
    • 33645513450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A remote and highly conserved enhancer supports amygdala specific expression of the gene encoding the anxiogenic neuropeptide substance-P
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XivFSmu7w%3D
    • Davidson S, Miller KA, Dowell A, Gildea A, Mackenzie A (2006) A remote and highly conserved enhancer supports amygdala specific expression of the gene encoding the anxiogenic neuropeptide substance-P. Mol Psychiatry 11(323):410
    • (2006) Mol Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.323 , pp. 410
    • Davidson, S.1    Miller, K.A.2    Dowell, A.3    Gildea, A.4    Mackenzie, A.5
  • 73
    • 0034769309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is required for the differentiation of muscle cells
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1WgtbY%3D, PID: 11520859
    • Dinev D, Jordan BW, Neufeld B, Lee JD, Lindemann D, Rapp UR, Ludwig S (2001) Extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is required for the differentiation of muscle cells. EMBO Rep 2:829–834
    • (2001) EMBO Rep , vol.2 , pp. 829-834
    • Dinev, D.1    Jordan, B.W.2    Neufeld, B.3    Lee, J.D.4    Lindemann, D.5    Rapp, U.R.6    Ludwig, S.7
  • 74
    • 33750447266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective role of ERK1/2 and ERK5 in a dopaminergic cell line under basal conditions and in response to oxidative stress
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtF2rs7jI, PID: 16941494
    • Cavanaugh JE, Jaumotte JD, Lakoski JM, Zigmond MJ (2006) Neuroprotective role of ERK1/2 and ERK5 in a dopaminergic cell line under basal conditions and in response to oxidative stress. J Neurosci Res 84:1367–1375
    • (2006) J Neurosci Res , vol.84 , pp. 1367-1375
    • Cavanaugh, J.E.1    Jaumotte, J.D.2    Lakoski, J.M.3    Zigmond, M.J.4
  • 75
    • 33947604072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fussel-15, a novel Ski/Sno homolog protein, antagonizes BMP signaling
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslGrtrw%3D, PID: 17292623
    • Arndt S, Poser I, Moser M, Bosserhoff AK (2007) Fussel-15, a novel Ski/Sno homolog protein, antagonizes BMP signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 34:603–611
    • (2007) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 603-611
    • Arndt, S.1    Poser, I.2    Moser, M.3    Bosserhoff, A.K.4
  • 76
    • 0028934929 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the human transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase delta. Evidence for tissue-specific expression of alternative human transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase delta isoforms
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXks1yisLc%3D, PID: 7896816
    • Pulido R, Krueger NX, Serra-Pages C, Saito H, Streuli M (1995) Molecular characterization of the human transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase delta. Evidence for tissue-specific expression of alternative human transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase delta isoforms. J Biol Chem 270:6722–6728
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 6722-6728
    • Pulido, R.1    Krueger, N.X.2    Serra-Pages, C.3    Saito, H.4    Streuli, M.5
  • 77
    • 9444289254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TOX defines a conserved subfamily of HMG-box proteins
    • O’Flaherty E, Kaye J (2003) TOX defines a conserved subfamily of HMG-box proteins. BMC Genom 4:13
    • (2003) BMC Genom , vol.4 , pp. 13
    • O’Flaherty, E.1    Kaye, J.2
  • 78
    • 84885182447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome: update on pathogenesis
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFKks7%2FP, PID: 24048084
    • Dauvilliers Y, Winkelmann J (2013) Restless legs syndrome: update on pathogenesis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 19:594–600
    • (2013) Curr Opin Pulm Med , vol.19 , pp. 594-600
    • Dauvilliers, Y.1    Winkelmann, J.2
  • 80
    • 3042622113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in neuroendocrine response to L-dopa in patients with restless legs syndrome
    • PID: 15283001
    • Garcia-Borreguero D, Larrosa O, Granizo JJ, de la Llave Y, Hening WA (2004) Circadian variation in neuroendocrine response to L-dopa in patients with restless legs syndrome. Sleep 27:669–673
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , pp. 669-673
    • Garcia-Borreguero, D.1    Larrosa, O.2    Granizo, J.J.3    de la Llave, Y.4    Hening, W.A.5
  • 81
    • 0034774525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restless legs syndrome and sleep disturbance during pregnancy: the role of folate and iron
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzovFGgsQ%3D%3D, PID: 11445024
    • Lee KA, Zaffke ME, Baratte-Beebe K (2001) Restless legs syndrome and sleep disturbance during pregnancy: the role of folate and iron. J Womens Health Gend-Based Med 10:335–341
    • (2001) J Womens Health Gend-Based Med , vol.10 , pp. 335-341
    • Lee, K.A.1    Zaffke, M.E.2    Baratte-Beebe, K.3
  • 82
    • 62549098587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated estradiol plasma levels in women with restless legs during pregnancy
    • PID: 19238803
    • Dzaja A, Wehrle R, Lancel M, Pollmacher T (2009) Elevated estradiol plasma levels in women with restless legs during pregnancy. Sleep 32:169–174
    • (2009) Sleep , vol.32 , pp. 169-174
    • Dzaja, A.1    Wehrle, R.2    Lancel, M.3    Pollmacher, T.4
  • 85
    • 42949123433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose hydrocortisone in the evening modulates symptom severity in restless legs syndrome
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltVWntLg%3D, PID: 18443313
    • Hornyak M, Rupp A, Riemann D, Feige B, Berger M, Voderholzer U (2008) Low-dose hydrocortisone in the evening modulates symptom severity in restless legs syndrome. Neurology 70:1620–1622
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 1620-1622
    • Hornyak, M.1    Rupp, A.2    Riemann, D.3    Feige, B.4    Berger, M.5    Voderholzer, U.6
  • 86
    • 52649087371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: an alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome?
    • PID: 18464280
    • Koo BB, Feng P, Dostal J, Strohl KP (2008) Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: an alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome? Mov Disord 23:1234–1242
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1234-1242
    • Koo, B.B.1    Feng, P.2    Dostal, J.3    Strohl, K.P.4
  • 87
    • 60949097459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the endogenous opiate system play a role in the restless legs syndrome? A pilot post-mortem study
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXisFGqsb4%3D, PID: 19167016
    • Walters AS, Ondo WG, Zhu W, Le W (2009) Does the endogenous opiate system play a role in the restless legs syndrome? A pilot post-mortem study. J Neurol Sci 279:62–65
    • (2009) J Neurol Sci , vol.279 , pp. 62-65
    • Walters, A.S.1    Ondo, W.G.2    Zhu, W.3    Le, W.4
  • 89
    • 84865423276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-endorphin antagonizes the effects of alpha-MSH on food intake and body weight
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlagtL3M, PID: 22778225
    • Dutia R, Meece K, Dighe S, Kim AJ, Wardlaw SL (2012) Beta-endorphin antagonizes the effects of alpha-MSH on food intake and body weight. Endocrinology 153:4246–4255
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 4246-4255
    • Dutia, R.1    Meece, K.2    Dighe, S.3    Kim, A.J.4    Wardlaw, S.L.5
  • 90
    • 0021257031 scopus 로고
    • Nonopiate effects of alpha-neo-endorphin on mouse behavior using multi-dimensional behavioral analyses
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhsFWhu7s%3D, PID: 6709510
    • Ukai M, Kameyama T (1984) Nonopiate effects of alpha-neo-endorphin on mouse behavior using multi-dimensional behavioral analyses. Peptides 5:129–131
    • (1984) Peptides , vol.5 , pp. 129-131
    • Ukai, M.1    Kameyama, T.2
  • 91
    • 0022902984 scopus 로고
    • Influence of centrally administered peptides on ear withdrawal from heat in the rabbit
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2sXps1Gjsg%3D%3D, PID: 2882494
    • Williams DW Jr, Lipton JM, Giesecke AH Jr (1986) Influence of centrally administered peptides on ear withdrawal from heat in the rabbit. Peptides 7:1095–1100
    • (1986) Peptides , vol.7 , pp. 1095-1100
    • Williams, D.W.1    Lipton, J.M.2    Giesecke, A.H.3
  • 92
    • 0019177271 scopus 로고
    • Possible aminergic mediation of MSH release and of the CNS effects of MSH and MIF-I
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXlvFyjt7g%3D, PID: 6105977
    • Kastin AJ, Schally AV, Kostrzewa RM (1980) Possible aminergic mediation of MSH release and of the CNS effects of MSH and MIF-I. Fed Proc 39:2931–2936
    • (1980) Fed Proc , vol.39 , pp. 2931-2936
    • Kastin, A.J.1    Schally, A.V.2    Kostrzewa, R.M.3
  • 93
    • 0020133588 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine regulates canine plasma beta-endorphin-immunoreactivity levels
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL38XitFWls70%3D, PID: 6280976
    • Sharp B, Ross R, Levin E, Sowers J (1982) Dopamine regulates canine plasma beta-endorphin-immunoreactivity levels. Endocrinology 110:1828–1830
    • (1982) Endocrinology , vol.110 , pp. 1828-1830
    • Sharp, B.1    Ross, R.2    Levin, E.3    Sowers, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.