메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2017, Pages

Forest dynamics in the U.S. indicate disproportionate attrition in western forests, rural areas and public lands

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON;

EID: 85013371890     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171383     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 0034012691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and patterns of deforestation in the western Amazon: The Napo deforestation front, 1986-1996
    • Sierra R. Dynamics and patterns of deforestation in the western Amazon: the Napo deforestation front, 1986-1996. Appl Geogr. 2000; 20: 1-16.
    • (2000) Appl Geogr. , vol.20 , pp. 1-16
    • Sierra, R.1
  • 4
    • 53749094032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics
    • PMID: 18845754
    • Colwell RK, Brehm G, Cardelús CL, Gilman AC, Longino JT. Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics. Science. 2008; 322: 258-261. doi: 10.1126/science. 1162547 PMID: 18845754
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 258-261
    • Colwell, R.K.1    Brehm, G.2    Cardelús, C.L.3    Gilman, A.C.4    Longino, J.T.5
  • 5
    • 0033915367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States. I: The roles of agriculture and forestry
    • Houghton RA, Hackler JL. Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States. I: The roles of agriculture and forestry. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2000; 9: 125-144.
    • (2000) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.9 , pp. 125-144
    • Houghton, R.A.1    Hackler, J.L.2
  • 6
    • 0030301985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences
    • Howarth RW, Billen G, Swaney D, Townsend A, Jaworski N, Lajtha K, et al. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine N & P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry. 1996; 35: 75-139.
    • (1996) Biogeochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 75-139
    • Howarth, R.W.1    Billen, G.2    Swaney, D.3    Townsend, A.4    Jaworski, N.5    Lajtha, K.6
  • 11
    • 0003916673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station
    • Smith WB. Forest resources of the United States, 2002: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station; 2004.
    • (2004) Forest Resources of the United States, 2002
    • Smith, W.B.1
  • 13
    • 0027787068 scopus 로고
    • Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon: Satellite data from 1978 to 1988
    • Prog Phys Geogr. 2008;32: 575-580. PMID: 17836720
    • Giles P, Burgoyne J. Skole DL and Tucker CJ1993. Tropical deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon: satellite data from 1978 to 1988. Science 260, 1905-1910. Prog Phys Geogr. 2008;32: 575-580. doi: 10.1126/science.260.5116.1905 PMID: 17836720
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1905-1910
    • Giles, P.1    Burgoyne, J.2    Skole, D.L.3    Tucker, C.J.4
  • 14
    • 0035727655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is deforestation accelerating in the Brazilian Amazon?
    • Laurance WF, Albernaz AK, Costa CD. Is deforestation accelerating in the Brazilian Amazon? Environ Conserv. 2001; 28: 305-311.
    • (2001) Environ Conserv. , vol.28 , pp. 305-311
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Albernaz, A.K.2    Costa, C.D.3
  • 15
    • 0043267996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore
    • PMID: 12879068
    • Brook BW, Sodhi NS, Ng PK. Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore. Nature. 2003; 424: 420-426. doi: 10.1038/nature01795 PMID: 12879068
    • (2003) Nature , vol.424 , pp. 420-426
    • Brook, B.W.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Ng, P.K.3
  • 16
  • 20
    • 0033502031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global land cover characterization from satellite data: From research to operational implementation?
    • Defries RS, Townshend JRG. Global land cover characterization from satellite data: From research to operational implementation? Global Ecol Biogeogr. 1999; 8: 367-379.
    • (1999) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.8 , pp. 367-379
    • Defries, R.S.1    Townshend, J.R.G.2
  • 21
    • 0033502455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring forest degradation in tropical regions by remote sensing: Some methodological issues
    • Lambin EF. Monitoring forest degradation in tropical regions by remote sensing: Some methodological issues. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 1999; 8: 191-198.
    • (1999) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.8 , pp. 191-198
    • Lambin, E.F.1
  • 23
    • 0024897596 scopus 로고
    • Landscape ecology: The effect of pattern on process
    • Turner MG. Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 1989: 171-197.
    • (1989) Annu Rev Ecol Syst. , pp. 171-197
    • Turner, M.G.1
  • 24
    • 34247103136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: A synthesis
    • Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: A synthesis. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2007; 16: 265-280.
    • (2007) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.16 , pp. 265-280
    • Fischer, J.1    Lindenmayer, D.B.2
  • 25
    • 34250353835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of forest fragmentation on species composition and forest structure in the temperate landscape of southern Chile
    • Echeverría C, Newton AC, Lara A, Benayas JMR, Coomes DA. Impacts of forest fragmentation on species composition and forest structure in the temperate landscape of southern Chile. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2007; 16: 426-439.
    • (2007) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.16 , pp. 426-439
    • Echeverría, C.1    Newton, A.C.2    Lara, A.3    Benayas, J.M.R.4    Coomes, D.A.5
  • 26
    • 84908481905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use drivers of forest fragmentation vary with spatial scale
    • Cattarino L, Mcalpine CA, Rhodes JR. Land-use drivers of forest fragmentation vary with spatial scale. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2014; 23: 1215-1224.
    • (2014) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.23 , pp. 1215-1224
    • Cattarino, L.1    Mcalpine, C.A.2    Rhodes, J.R.3
  • 27
    • 0031877122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation
    • Hargis CD, Bissonette JA, David JL. The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation. Landscape Ecol. 1998; 13: 167-186.
    • (1998) Landscape Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 167-186
    • Hargis, C.D.1    Bissonette, J.A.2    David, J.L.3
  • 28
    • 31844438600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National assessments of forest fragmentation in the US
    • Kupfer JA. National assessments of forest fragmentation in the US. Global Environ Change. 2006; 16: 73-82.
    • (2006) Global Environ Change , vol.16 , pp. 73-82
    • Kupfer, J.A.1
  • 29
    • 84928158701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introducing a new method for assessing spatially explicit processes of landscape fragmentation
    • Li S, Yang B. Introducing a new method for assessing spatially explicit processes of landscape fragmentation. Ecol Ind. 2015; 56: 116-124.
    • (2015) Ecol Ind. , vol.56 , pp. 116-124
    • Li, S.1    Yang, B.2
  • 30
    • 0030422578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying landscape structure: A review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes
    • Haines-Young R, Chopping M. Quantifying landscape structure: a review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in Physical Geography. 1996; 20: 418-445.
    • (1996) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.20 , pp. 418-445
    • Haines-Young, R.1    Chopping, M.2
  • 32
    • 3042764181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use and misuse of landscape indices
    • Li H, Wu J. Use and misuse of landscape indices. Landscape Ecol. 2004; 19: 389-399.
    • (2004) Landscape Ecol. , vol.19 , pp. 389-399
    • Li, H.1    Wu, J.2
  • 36
    • 33846454028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses
    • Gardner RH, Urban DL. Neutral models for testing landscape hypotheses. Landsc Ecol. 2007; 22: 15-29.
    • (2007) Landsc Ecol. , vol.22 , pp. 15-29
    • Gardner, R.H.1    Urban, D.L.2
  • 37
    • 84952715467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global evaluation of forest interior area dynamics using tree cover data from 2000 to 2012
    • Riitters K, Wickham J, Costanza JK, Vogt P. A global evaluation of forest interior area dynamics using tree cover data from 2000 to 2012. Landsc Ecol. 2016; 31: 137-148.
    • (2016) Landsc Ecol. , vol.31 , pp. 137-148
    • Riitters, K.1    Wickham, J.2    Costanza, J.K.3    Vogt, P.4
  • 41
    • 77954775443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impact of deforestation and climate change on the range size and environmental niche of bird species in the Atlantic forests, Brazil
    • Loiselle BA, Graham CH, Goerck JM, Ribeiro MC. Assessing the impact of deforestation and climate change on the range size and environmental niche of bird species in the Atlantic forests, Brazil. J Biogeogr. 2010; 37: 1288-1301.
    • (2010) J Biogeogr. , vol.37 , pp. 1288-1301
    • Loiselle, B.A.1    Graham, C.H.2    Goerck, J.M.3    Ribeiro, M.C.4
  • 42
    • 33751321395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of fragmentation research to conservation planning for multiple stakeholders: An example from the Taita Hills, southeast Kenya
    • Githiru M, Lens L. Application of fragmentation research to conservation planning for multiple stakeholders: An example from the Taita Hills, southeast Kenya. Biol Conserv. 2007; 134: 271-278.
    • (2007) Biol Conserv. , vol.134 , pp. 271-278
    • Githiru, M.1    Lens, L.2
  • 43
    • 80055015145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity
    • PMID: 21918513
    • Gibson L, Lee TM, Koh LP, Brook BW, Gardner TA, Barlow J, et al. Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity. Nature. 2011; 478: 378-381. doi: 10.1038/nature10425 PMID: 21918513
    • (2011) Nature , vol.478 , pp. 378-381
    • Gibson, L.1    Lee, T.M.2    Koh, L.P.3    Brook, B.W.4    Gardner, T.A.5    Barlow, J.6
  • 46
    • 84908613285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimising carbon sequestration in arid and semiarid rangelands
    • Dean C, Kirkpatrick JB, Harper RJ, Eldridge DJ. Optimising carbon sequestration in arid and semiarid rangelands. Ecol Eng. 2015; 74: 148-163.
    • (2015) Ecol Eng. , vol.74 , pp. 148-163
    • Dean, C.1    Kirkpatrick, J.B.2    Harper, R.J.3    Eldridge, D.J.4
  • 47
    • 84938953831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of patchscale conditions is greater than that of macroclimate in explaining local plant diversity in fragmented forests across Europe
    • Valdés A, Lenoir J, Gallet-Moron E, Andrieu E, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, et al. The contribution of patchscale conditions is greater than that of macroclimate in explaining local plant diversity in fragmented forests across Europe. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2015; 24: 1094-1105.
    • (2015) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.24 , pp. 1094-1105
    • Valdés, A.1    Lenoir, J.2    Gallet-Moron, E.3    Andrieu, E.4    Brunet, J.5    Chabrerie, O.6
  • 48
    • 85013482485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: Intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change
    • Stark SC, Breshears DD, Garcia ES, Law DJ, Minor DM, Saleska SR, et al. Toward accounting for ecoclimate teleconnections: intra- and inter-continental consequences of altered energy balance after vegetation change. Landsc Ecol. 2015.
    • (2015) Landsc Ecol.
    • Stark, S.C.1    Breshears, D.D.2    Garcia, E.S.3    Law, D.J.4    Minor, D.M.5    Saleska, S.R.6
  • 49
    • 0026291025 scopus 로고
    • Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review
    • Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, Margules CR. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv Biol. 1991; 5: 18-32.
    • (1991) Conserv Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 18-32
    • Saunders, D.A.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Margules, C.R.3
  • 50
    • 0035127313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of edge structure on the flux of species into forest interiors
    • Cadenasso ML, Pickett STA. Effect of edge structure on the flux of species into forest interiors. Conserv Biol. 2001; 15: 91-97.
    • (2001) Conserv Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 91-97
    • Cadenasso, M.L.1    Pickett, S.T.A.2
  • 51
    • 0030462973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky Mountains
    • Reed RA, Johnson-Barnard J, Baker WL. Contribution of roads to forest fragmentation in the Rocky Mountains. Conserv Biol. 1996; 10: 1098-1106.
    • (1996) Conserv Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1098-1106
    • Reed, R.A.1    Johnson-Barnard, J.2    Baker, W.L.3
  • 52
    • 0342749445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (U.S.A.) Suburban highway
    • Richard TTF, Deblinger RD. The Ecological Road-Effect Zone of a Massachusetts (U.S.A.) Suburban Highway. Conserv Biol. 2000; 14: 36-46.
    • (2000) Conserv Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 36-46
    • Richard, T.T.F.1    Deblinger, R.D.2
  • 53
    • 0028162742 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation responses along edge-to-interior gradients in the mixed hardwood forests of the Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina
    • Fraver S. Vegetation Responses along Edge-to-Interior Gradients in the Mixed Hardwood Forests of the Roanoke River Basin, North Carolina. Conserv Biol. 1994; 8: 822-832.
    • (1994) Conserv Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 822-832
    • Fraver, S.1
  • 54
    • 0037086614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting vascular plant species richness of fragmented forests in agricultural landscapes in central Belgium
    • Dumortier M, Butaye J, Jacquemyn H, Van Camp N, Lust N, Hermy M. Predicting vascular plant species richness of fragmented forests in agricultural landscapes in central Belgium. For Ecol Manage. 2002; 158: 85-102.
    • (2002) For Ecol Manage , vol.158 , pp. 85-102
    • Dumortier, M.1    Butaye, J.2    Jacquemyn, H.3    Van Camp, N.4    Lust, N.5    Hermy, M.6
  • 55
    • 0027377939 scopus 로고
    • Sociological edge effects: Spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments
    • Matlack GR. Sociological edge effects: Spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments. Environ Manage. 1993; 17: 829-835.
    • (1993) Environ Manage , vol.17 , pp. 829-835
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 56
    • 33644898865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understorey plant species richness and composition in metropolitan forest archipelagos: Effects of forest size, adjacent land use and distance to the edge
    • Guirado M, Pino J, Rodà F. Understorey plant species richness and composition in metropolitan forest archipelagos: Effects of forest size, adjacent land use and distance to the edge. Global Ecol Biogeogr. 2006; 15: 50-62.
    • (2006) Global Ecol Biogeogr. , vol.15 , pp. 50-62
    • Guirado, M.1    Pino, J.2    Rodà, F.3
  • 57
    • 0024884741 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of vascular plant species in small woodlands on the Western Carpathian foothills
    • Dzwonko Z, Loster S. Distribution of vascular plant species in small woodlands on the Western Carpathian foothills. Oikos. 1989; 56: 77-86.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 77-86
    • Dzwonko, Z.1    Loster, S.2
  • 58
    • 0021556348 scopus 로고
    • Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire
    • Peterken GF, Game M. Historical factors affecting the number and distribution of vascular plant species in the woodlands of central Lincolnshire. J Ecol. 1984; 72: 155-182.
    • (1984) J Ecol. , vol.72 , pp. 155-182
    • Peterken, G.F.1    Game, M.2
  • 59
    • 84881615897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: The habitat amount hypothesis
    • Fahrig L. Rethinking patch size and isolation effects: The habitat amount hypothesis. J Biogeogr. 2013; 40: 1649-1663.
    • (2013) J Biogeogr. , vol.40 , pp. 1649-1663
    • Fahrig, L.1
  • 60
    • 58549093539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations
    • PMID: 19073931
    • Prugh LR, Hodges KE, Sinclair ARE, Brashares JS. Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105: 20770-20775. doi: 10.1073/pnas. 0806080105 PMID: 19073931
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 20770-20775
    • Prugh, L.R.1    Hodges, K.E.2    Sinclair, A.R.E.3    Brashares, J.S.4
  • 62
    • 0034643330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape
    • PMID: 10783887
    • Hanski I, Ovaskainen O. The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape. Nature. 2000; 404: 755-758. doi: 10.1038/35008063 PMID: 10783887
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 755-758
    • Hanski, I.1    Ovaskainen, O.2
  • 63
    • 0026082323 scopus 로고
    • Measuring forest landscape patterns in the cascade range of Oregon, USA
    • Ripple WJ, Bradshaw GA, Spies TA. Measuring forest landscape patterns in the cascade range of Oregon, USA. Biol Conserv. 1991; 57: 73-88.
    • (1991) Biol Conserv. , vol.57 , pp. 73-88
    • Ripple, W.J.1    Bradshaw, G.A.2    Spies, T.A.3
  • 64
    • 84887724460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change
    • PMID: 24233722
    • Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, et al. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science. 2013; 342: 850-853. doi: 10.1126/science. 1244693 PMID: 24233722
    • (2013) Science , vol.342 , pp. 850-853
    • Hansen, M.C.1    Potapov, P.V.2    Moore, R.3    Hancher, M.4    Turubanova, S.A.5    Tyukavina, A.6
  • 67
  • 69
    • 84882659985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global, 30-m resolution continuous fields of tree cover: Landsat-based rescaling of MODIS vegetation continuous fields with lidarbased estimates of error
    • Sexton JO, Song X, Feng M, Noojipady P, Anand A, Huang C, et al. Global, 30-m resolution continuous fields of tree cover: Landsat-based rescaling of MODIS vegetation continuous fields with lidarbased estimates of error. Int J Digit Earth. 2013; 6: 427-448.
    • (2013) Int J Digit Earth , vol.6 , pp. 427-448
    • Sexton, J.O.1    Song, X.2    Feng, M.3    Noojipady, P.4    Anand, A.5    Huang, C.6
  • 70
    • 84866465654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: Opportunities and challenges
    • Townshend JR, Masek JG, Huang C, Vermote EF, Gao F, Channan S, et al. Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: Opportunities and challenges. Int J Digit Earth. 2012; 5: 373-397.
    • (2012) Int J Digit Earth , vol.5 , pp. 373-397
    • Townshend, J.R.1    Masek, J.G.2    Huang, C.3    Vermote, E.F.4    Gao, F.5    Channan, S.6
  • 71
    • 46749146614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference scenarios for deforestation and forest degradation in support of REDD: A review of data and methods
    • Olander LP, Gibbs HK, Steininger M, Swenson JJ, Murray BC. Reference scenarios for deforestation and forest degradation in support of REDD: A review of data and methods. Environ Res Lett. 2008;3.
    • (2008) Environ Res Lett. , pp. 3
    • Olander, L.P.1    Gibbs, H.K.2    Steininger, M.3    Swenson, J.J.4    Murray, B.C.5
  • 74
    • 77952694708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of global gross forest cover loss
    • PMID: 20421467
    • Hansen MC, Stehman SV, Potapov PV. Quantification of global gross forest cover loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010; 107: 8650-8655. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912668107 PMID: 20421467
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 8650-8655
    • Hansen, M.C.1    Stehman, S.V.2    Potapov, P.V.3
  • 77
    • 84911408592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecoregions of the conterminous United States: Evolution of a hierarchical spatial framework
    • PMID: 25223620
    • Omernik JM, Griffith GE. Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States: Evolution of a Hierarchical Spatial Framework. Environ Manage. 2014; 54: 1249-1266. doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0364-1 PMID: 25223620
    • (2014) Environ Manage , vol.54 , pp. 1249-1266
    • Omernik, J.M.1    Griffith, G.E.2
  • 80
    • 77950928858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use pressure and a transition to forest-cover loss in the Eastern United States
    • Drummond MA, Loveland TR. Land-use Pressure and a Transition to Forest-cover Loss in the Eastern United States. Bioscience. 2010; 60: 286-298.
    • (2010) Bioscience , vol.60 , pp. 286-298
    • Drummond, M.A.1    Loveland, T.R.2
  • 83
    • 62049085237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest
    • Escobedo FJ, Nowak DJ. Spatial heterogeneity and air pollution removal by an urban forest. Landsc Urban Plann. 2009; 90: 102-110.
    • (2009) Landsc Urban Plann , vol.90 , pp. 102-110
    • Escobedo, F.J.1    Nowak, D.J.2
  • 87
    • 84859485654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon storage and sequestration by urban forests in Shenyang, China
    • Liu C, Li X. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban forests in Shenyang, China. Urban For Urban Greening. 2012; 11: 121-128.
    • (2012) Urban for Urban Greening , vol.11 , pp. 121-128
    • Liu, C.1    Li, X.2
  • 88
    • 84886558464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new approach to quantify and map carbon stored, sequestered and emissions avoided by urban forests
    • McPherson EG, Xiao Q, Aguaron E. A new approach to quantify and map carbon stored, sequestered and emissions avoided by urban forests. Landsc Urban Plann. 2013; 120: 70-84.
    • (2013) Landsc Urban Plann , vol.120 , pp. 70-84
    • McPherson, E.G.1    Xiao, Q.2    Aguaron, E.3
  • 89
    • 84873137465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing net carbon sequestration on urban and community forests of northern New England, USA
    • Zheng D, Ducey MJ, Heath LS. Assessing net carbon sequestration on urban and community forests of northern New England, USA. Urban For Urban Greening. 2013; 12: 61-68.
    • (2013) Urban for Urban Greening , vol.12 , pp. 61-68
    • Zheng, D.1    Ducey, M.J.2    Heath, L.S.3
  • 90
    • 74049108202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon stored in human settlements: The conterminous United States
    • Churkina G, Brown DG, Keoleian G. Carbon stored in human settlements: The conterminous United States. Global Change Biol. 2010; 16: 135-143.
    • (2010) Global Change Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 135-143
    • Churkina, G.1    Brown, D.G.2    Keoleian, G.3
  • 91
    • 61349130716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in forest disturbance among land ownership types in Poland during and after socialism
    • Kuemmerle T, Kozak J, Radeloff VC, Hostert P. Differences in forest disturbance among land ownership types in Poland during and after socialism. J Land Use Sci. 2009; 4: 73-83.
    • (2009) J Land Use Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 73-83
    • Kuemmerle, T.1    Kozak, J.2    Radeloff, V.C.3    Hostert, P.4
  • 92
    • 84882953378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of forest ownership regime on landscape pattern and animal habitat: A review
    • Li Y, Wu W, Li N, Bu R, Hu Y. Effects of forest ownership regime on landscape pattern and animal habitat: A review. Chin J Appl Ecol. 2013; 24: 2056-2062.
    • (2013) Chin J Appl Ecol. , vol.24 , pp. 2056-2062
    • Li, Y.1    Wu, W.2    Li, N.3    Bu, R.4    Hu, Y.5
  • 93
    • 80054686361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation of forest communities in the eastern United States
    • Riitters KH, Coulston JW, Wickham JD. Fragmentation of forest communities in the eastern United States. For Ecol Manage. 2012; 263: 85-93.
    • (2012) For Ecol Manage , vol.263 , pp. 85-93
    • Riitters, K.H.1    Coulston, J.W.2    Wickham, J.D.3
  • 94
    • 84878399596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple process-based simulators for generating spatial patterns of habitat loss and fragmentation: A review and introduction to the G-RaFFe model
    • Pe'er G, Zurita GA, Schober L, Bellocq MI, Strer M, Müller M, et al. Simple Process-Based Simulators for Generating Spatial Patterns of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: A Review and Introduction to the G-RaFFe Model. PLoS ONE. 2013;8.
    • (2013) PLoS One , pp. 8
    • Pe'Er, G.1    Zurita, G.A.2    Schober, L.3    Bellocq, M.I.4    Strer, M.5    Müller, M.6
  • 95
    • 84879530092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land ownership drives stand structure and carbon storage of deciduous temperate forests
    • Schaich H, Plieninger T. Land ownership drives stand structure and carbon storage of deciduous temperate forests. For Ecol Manage. 2013; 305: 146-157.
    • (2013) For Ecol Manage , vol.305 , pp. 146-157
    • Schaich, H.1    Plieninger, T.2
  • 96
    • 77951907392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between major ownerships, forest aboveground biomass distributions, and landscape dynamics in the New England region of USA
    • PMID: 19967361
    • Zheng D, Heath LS, Ducey MJ, Butler B. Relationships between major ownerships, forest aboveground biomass distributions, and landscape dynamics in the New England region of USA. Environ Manage. 2010; 45: 377-386. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9408-3 PMID: 19967361
    • (2010) Environ Manage , vol.45 , pp. 377-386
    • Zheng, D.1    Heath, L.S.2    Ducey, M.J.3    Butler, B.4
  • 97
    • 84865559834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological consequences of fragmentation and deforestation in an urban landscape: A case study
    • Zipperer WC, Foresman TW, Walker SP, Daniel CT. Ecological consequences of fragmentation and deforestation in an urban landscape: A case study. Urban Ecosyst. 2012; 15: 533-544.
    • (2012) Urban Ecosyst. , vol.15 , pp. 533-544
    • Zipperer, W.C.1    Foresman, T.W.2    Walker, S.P.3    Daniel, C.T.4
  • 98
    • 0031853057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat loss and population decline: A meta-analysis of the patch size effect
    • Bender DJ, Contreras TA, Fahrig L. Habitat loss and population decline: a meta-analysis of the patch size effect. Ecology. 1998; 79: 517-533.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 517-533
    • Bender, D.J.1    Contreras, T.A.2    Fahrig, L.3
  • 99
    • 33745763421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattered trees are keystone structures-implications for conservation
    • Manning AD, Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB. Scattered trees are keystone structures-implications for conservation. Biol Conserv. 2006; 132: 311-321.
    • (2006) Biol Conserv. , vol.132 , pp. 311-321
    • Manning, A.D.1    Fischer, J.2    Lindenmayer, D.B.3
  • 100
    • 80053951534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing effects of land use on landscape connectivity: Loss and fragmentation of western U.S. Forests
    • PMID: 22073634
    • Theobald DM, Crooks KR, Norman JB. Assessing effects of land use on landscape connectivity: Loss and fragmentation of western U.S. forests. Ecol Appl. 2011; 21: 2445-2458. PMID: 22073634
    • (2011) Ecol Appl. , vol.21 , pp. 2445-2458
    • Theobald, D.M.1    Crooks, K.R.2    Norman, J.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.