Policy networks in energy transitions: The cases of carbon capture and storage and offshore wind in Norway

Technological Forecasting and Social Change

Volumn 118, Issue , 2017, Pages 80-93

  Normann, Håkon Endresen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

Author keywords

Carbon capture and storage; Offshore wind energy; Policy networks; Protective space; Sustainability transitions

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; EMISSION CONTROL; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; WIND POWER;

CAPTURE AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES; DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICIES; FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATIONS; OFF-SHORE WIND ENERGY; POLICY NETWORKS; PROTECTIVE SPACE; SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION;

CARBON CAPTURE;

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; ENERGY POLICY; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; OFFSHORE STRUCTURE; POLICY ANALYSIS; POLICY MAKING; SUSTAINABILITY; WIND POWER;

NORWAY;

EID: 85012889292     PISSN: 00401625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.004     Document Type: Article

References (100)

1. Adam, S., Kriesi, H., The network approach. Sabatier, P.A., (eds.) Theories of the Policy Process, 2nd ed. ed., 2007, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 129–154.
2. Alstadheim, K.B., Grande, A., Gasskraftverk i gasskrangel [Gas power plants in gas dispute]. 2000 January 21, Dagens Næringsliv, 6 (Retrieved 28 October 2014).
3. Andersson, A., Strand, T., Motbør for månelanding [Opposition for moon landing]. 2009, May 27, Bergens Tidende, A017.
4. Arthur, W.B., Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. 1994, University of Michigan Press.
5. Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., Rickne, A., Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: a scheme of analysis. Res. Policy 37:3 (2008), 407–429.
6. Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Sanden, B.A., ‘Legitimation' and ‘development of positive externalities': two key processes in the formation phase of technological innovation systems. Tech. Anal. Strat. Manag. 20:5 (2008), 575–592.
7. Bergek, A., Hekkert, M., Jacobsson, S., Markard, J., Sandén, B., Truffer, B., Technological innovation systems in contexts: conceptualizing contextual structures and interaction dynamics. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 16 (2015), 51–64.
8. Beyers, J., Braun, C., Ties that count: explaining interest group access to policymakers. J. Public Policy 34:1 (2014), 93–121.
9. Binz, C., Truffer, B., Li, L., Shi, Y., Lu, Y., Conceptualizing leapfrogging with spatially coupled innovation systems: the case of onsite wastewater treatment in China. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 79:1 (2012), 155–171.
10. Block, F., Innovation and the invisible hand of government. Block, F.L., Keller, M.R., (eds.) State of Innovation: The U.S. Government's Role in Technology Development, 2011, Paradigm Publishers, 1–26.
11. Boasson, E.L., Multi-Sphere Climate Policy: Conceptualizing National Policy-Making in Europe. (PhD thesis), 2011, University of Oslo.
12. Boasson, E.L., National climate policy: a multi-field approach, Vol. 7, 2015, Routledge, New York.
13. Compston, H., Networks, resources, political strategy and climate policy. Environ. Polit. 18:5 (2009), 727–746.
14. Dagsavisen, Nøkkelroller i energikonflikter [Key roles in energy conflicts]. 2004, January 29, Dagsavisen, 4.
15. Daugbjerg, C., Marsh, D., Explaining policy outcomes: integrating the policy network approach with macro-level and micro-level analysis. Marsh, D., (eds.) Comparing Policy Networks, 1998, Open University Press, Buckingham, 52–71.
16. Dowding, K., Model or metaphor? A critical review of the policy network approach. Polit. Stud. 43:1 (1995), 136–158.
17. Energirådet, Vindkraft offshore – industrielle muligheter for Norge [Wind power offshore industry - opportunities for Norway], The Energy Council. 2008.
18. Enroth, H., Policy network theory. Bevir, M., (eds.) The Sage handbook of governance, 2011, SAGE, London, 19–35.
19. Evans, M., Understanding dialectics in policy network analysis. Polit. Stud. 49:3 (2001), 542–550.
20. Farla, J., Markard, J., Raven, R., Coenen, L., Sustainability transitions in the making: a closer look at actors, strategies and resources. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 79:6 (2012), 991–998.
21. Freeman, C., Innovation, changes of techno-economic paradigm and biological analogies in economics. Rev. Écon. 42:2 (1991), 211–231.
22. Freeman, C., The ‘National System of Innovation' in historical perspective. Camb. J. Econ. 19:1 (1995), 5–24.
23. Geels, F.W., Processes and patterns in transitions and system innovations: refining the co-evolutionary multi-level perspective. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 72:6 (2005), 681–696.
24. Geels, F.W., The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions: responses to seven criticisms. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 1:1 (2011), 24–40.
25. Geels, F.W., Regime resistance against low-carbon transitions: introducing politics and power into the multi-level perspective. Theory Cult. Soc. 31:5 (2014), 21–40.
26. Geels, F.W., Schot, J., Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Res. Policy 36:3 (2007), 399–417.
27. George, A.L., Bennett, A., Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. 2005, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
28. Gillesvik, K., Trenger én milliard [Need one billion]. 2012, November 15, Bergens Tidende, 25.
29. Granviken, S., Slik bygges et gasskraftverk. 2000, January 20, Adresseavisen, 13.
30. Gullberg, A.T., Access to climate policy-making in the European Union and in Norway. Environ. Polit. 20:4 (2011), 464–484.
31. Hansen, G.H., Steen, M., Vindkraft til havs: teknologi- og industriutvikling fra et norsk bedriftsperspektiv [Offshore wind power: technological and industrial development from a Norwegian business perspective], Centre for Sustainable Energy Studies. 2011.
32. Hanson, J. (2013). Dynamics of Innovation Systems for Renewable Energy Technology: The Role of Post-introduction Improvements. (PhD thesis), University of Oslo.
33. Hanson, J., Kasa, S., Wicken, O., Politikk for den store transformasjonen [Policies for the great transformation]. Hanson, J., Kasa, S., Wicken, O., (eds.) Energirikdommens paradokser: Innovasjon som klimapolitikk og næringsutvikling, 2011, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
34. Hay, C., Richards, D., The tangled webs of Westminster and Whitehall: the discourse, strategy and practice of networking within the british core executive. Public Adm. 78:1 (2000), 1–28.
35. Hekkert, M.P., Suurs, R.A.A., Negro, S.O., Kuhlmann, S., Smits, R.E.H.M., Functions of innovation systems: a new approach for analysing technological change. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 74:4 (2007), 413–432.
36. Heptonstall, P., Gross, R., Greenacre, P., Cockerill, T., The cost of offshore wind: Understanding the past and projecting the future. Energ Policy 41 (2012), 815–821.
37. Hess, D.J., Sustainability transitions: a political coalition perspective. Res. Policy 43:2 (2014), 278–283.
38. Hill, M., The public policy process. 2013, Pearson, Harlow.
39. Hughes, T.P., The evolution of large technological systems. Bijker, W.E., Hughes, T.P., Pinch, T.J., (eds.) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, 1987, MIT Press, Cambridge, 51–82.
40. Jacobsson, S., Karltorp, K., Mechanisms blocking the dynamics of the European offshore wind energy innovation system – challenges for policy intervention. Energ Policy 63 (2013), 1182–1195.
41. Jacobsson, S., Lauber, V., The politics and policy of energy system transformation - explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology. Energ Policy 34:3 (2006), 256–276.
42. Jordan, G., Sub-governments, policy communities and networks: refilling the old bottles?. J. Theor. Polit. 2:3 (1990), 319–338.
43. Kasa, S., Policy networks as barriers to green tax reform: the case of CO2-taxes in Norway. Environ. Polit., 9(4), 2000.
44. Kasa, S., Innovasjonspolitikkens maktkamper [The power struggles of innovation policy]. Hanson, J., Kasa, S., Wicken, O., (eds.) Energirikdommens paradokser: innovasjon som klimapolitikk og næringsutvikling, 2011, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 57–67.
45. Kasa, S., Klimakamp blir innovasjonspolitikk [Climate battle becomes innovation policy]. Hanson, J., Kasa, S., Wicken, O., (eds.) Energirikdommens paradokser: innovasjon som klimapolitikk og næringsutvikling, 2011, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 153–171.
46. Kasa, S., Malvik, H., Makt, miljøpolitikk, organiserte industriinteresser og partistrategier: En analyse av de politiske barrierene mot en utvidelse av CO2-avgiften i Norge [Power, environmental policy, organised industrial interests and party strategies: an analysis of the political obstacles to an expansion of the CO2 tax in Norway]. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning, 2000.
47. Kemp, R., Schot, J., Hoogma, R., Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management. Tech. Anal. Strat. Manag. 10:2 (1998), 175–198.
48. Kern, F., Engaging with the politics, agency and structures in the technological innovation systems approach. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 16 (2015), 67–69.
49. Kern, F., Markard, J., Analysing energy transitions: combining insights from transition studies and international political economy. Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K., Ghosh, A., Kern, F., Klare, M.T., (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy, 2016, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 291–318.
50. Kern, F., Gaede, J., Meadowcroft, J., Watson, J., The political economy of carbon capture and storage: an analysis of two demonstration projects. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 102 (2015), 250–260.
51. Kern, F., Verhees, B., Raven, R., Smith, A., Empowering sustainable niches: comparing UK and Dutch offshore wind developments. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 100 (2015), 344–355.
52. Langhelle, O., Meadowcroft, J., CCS in comparative perspective. Meadowcroft, J., Langhelle, O., (eds.) Catching the Carbon: The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), 2009, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 236–266.
53. LO & Ap, Ta naturgassen i bruk! Oslo: The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO) and The Labour Party. 2001.
54. Markard, J., Suter, M., Ingold, K., Socio-technical transitions and policy change – advocacy coalitions in Swiss energy policy. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 18 (2015), 215–237.
55. Markusson, N., Kern, F., Watson, J., Arapostathis, S., Chalmers, H., Ghaleigh, N.,.. Russell, S., A socio-technical framework for assessing the viability of carbon capture and storage technology. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 79:5 (2012), 903–918.
56. Marsh, D., Rhodes, R.A.W., Policy Networks in British government. 1992, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
57. Marsh, D., Smith, M., Understanding policy networks: towards a dialectical approach. Polit. Stud. 48:1 (2000), 4–21.
58. Mazzucato, M., The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths. 2013, Anthem Press, London.
59. Mazzucato, M., The green entrepreneurial state. Scoones, I., Newell, P., Leach, M., (eds.) The politics of green transformations, 2015, Routledge, London, 134–152.
60. Meadowcroft, J., Engaging with the politics of sustainability transitions. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 1:1 (2011), 70–75.
61. Mjøset, L., Cappelen, Å., The Integration of the Norwegian Oil Economy into the World Economy, Vol. 28, 2011, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
62. Moe, E., Structural change, vested interests, and Scandinavian energy policy-making: why wind power struggles in Norway and not in Denmark. Open Renew. Energy J. 5 (2012), 19–31.
63. Moe, E., Renewable Energy Transformation or Fossil Fuel Backlash: Vested Interests in the Political Economy: Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2015.
64. Musiolik, J., Markard, J., Hekkert, M., Networks and network resources in technological innovation systems: towards a conceptual framework for system building. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 79:6 (2012), 1032–1048.
65. Mytelka, L.K., Smith, K., Policy learning and innovation theory: an interactive and co-evolving process. Res. Policy 31:8–9 (2002), 1467–1479.
66. Normann, H.E., The role of politics in sustainable transitions: the rise and decline of offshore wind in Norway. Environ. Innov. Soc. Trans. 15 (2015), 180–193.
67. Nykvist, B., Ten times more difficult: quantifying the carbon capture and storage challenge. Energ Policy 55 (2013), 683–689.
68. Pettigrew, A.M., What is a processual analysis?. Scand. J. Manag. 13:4 (1997), 337–348.
69. Porter, M.E., On Competition. Vol. 44, 1998, Harvard Business Review, Boston.
70. Ratinen, M., Lund, P.D., Democracy and TRANSITIONS: European experiences of policy inclusiveness and changes in the electricity industry. Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K., Ghosh, A., Kern, F., Klare, M.T., (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy, 2016, Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 341–362.
71. Reitan, M., Syrstad, E.G., Underthun, A., Regional mobilisering og nasjonal koordinering i styringsnettverk [Regional mobilisation and national coordination in management networks]. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforskning, 49(02), 2008.
72. Rhodes, R.A.W., Policy Network Analysis. Moran, M., Rein, M., Goodin, R.E., (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Public Policy, 2006, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 425–447.
73. Rhodes, R.A., Marsh, D., New directions in the study of policy networks. Eur J Polit Res 21:1-2 (1992), 181–205.
74. Richardson, J., Government, interest groups and policy change. Dudley, G., Richardson, J., (eds.) Why Does Policy Change?: Lessons from British Transport Policy 1945–99, 2004, Taylor & Francis, 1–23.
75. Riisnæs, I.G., Avblåser Giskes prestisjeprosjekt [Calls off Giske's prestige project]. 2011, September 8, Dagens Næringsliv, 17.
76. Riksrevisjonen, Riksrevisjonens undersøkelse av statens arbeid med CO2-håndtering [The Office of the Auditor General's Investigation of the State's Work on CO2 Handling]. 2013, The Office of the Auditor General Norway.
77. Rosenberg, N., Factors affecting the diffusion of technology. Explor. Econ. Hist. 10:1 (1972), 3–33.
78. Sabatier, P.A., The advocacy coalition framework: revisions and relevance for Europe. J. Eur. Public Pol. 5:1 (1998), 98–130.
79. Sabatier, P.A., Weible, C.M., The advocacy coalition framework: innovations and clarifications. Sabatier, P.A., (eds.) Theories of the Policy Process, 2007, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 189–220.
80. Scrase, I., Smith, A., The (non-)politics of managing low carbon socio-technical transitions. Environ. Polit. 18:5 (2009), 707–726.
81. Smith, M.J., Pressure, Power and Policy: State Autonomy and Policy Networks in Britain and the United States. 1993, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York.
82. Smith, A., Policy networks and advocacy coalitions: explaining policy change and stability in UK industrial pollution policy?. Environ. Plann. C Govern. Pol. 18:1 (2000), 95–114.
83. Smith, A., Raven, R., What is protective space? Reconsidering niches in transitions to sustainability. Res. Policy 41:6 (2012), 1025–1036.
84. Smith, A., Voß, J.-P., Grin, J., Innovation studies and sustainability transitions: the allure of the multi-level perspective and its challenges. Res. Policy 39:4 (2010), 435–448.
85. Smits, R.E., Kuhlmann, S., Teubal, M., A system-evolutionary approach for innovation policy. Smits, R.E., Kuhlmann, S., Shapira, P., (eds.) The Theory and Practice of Innovation Policy, 2010, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, 417–448.
86. Steen, M., Karlsen, A., Path creation in a single-industry town: the case of Verdal and Windcluster Mid-Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian J. Geogr. 68:2 (2014), 133–143.
87. Stortinget, Recommendation from the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment on the law for renewable energy production at sea (havenergilova). Innst. 176 L (2009–2010), 2010.
88. Stortinget, Representative Proposal. Stortinget Innst. 335:S (2010), 2009–2010.
89. Syrstad, E.G., Reitan, M., Regional mobilisering i næringspolitikken – hvilken betydning har politiske nettverk? [Regional mobilisation in industrial politics - what is the impact of political networks?]. Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Paper presentert at the 15. national conference for political science in Trondheim 3.-5. January 2007, 2007.
90. Tellmann, S.M., The constrained influence of discourses: the case of Norwegian climate policy. Environ. Polit. 21:5 (2012), 734–752.
91. Tjernshaugen, A., Gasskraft: tjue års klimakamp [Gas power: twenty years of climate struggle]. 2007, Pax, Oslo.
92. Tjernshaugen, A., The growth of political support for CO2 capture and storage in Norway. Environ. Polit. 20:2 (2011), 227–245.
93. Tjernshaugen, A., Langhelle, O., Technology as political glue: CCS in Norway. Meadowcroft, J., Langhelle, O., (eds.) Catching the Carbon: The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), 2009, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 98–124.
94. Torvanger, A., Meadowcroft, J., The political economy of technology support: making decisions about carbon capture and storage and low carbon energy technologies. Glob. Environ. Chang. 21:2 (2011), 303–312.
95. Ulmanen, J.H., Verbong, G.P.J., Raven, R.P.J.M., Biofuel developments in Sweden and the Netherlands: protection and socio-technical change in a long-term perspective. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 13:6–7 (2009), 1406–1417.
96. Ulstein, H., Krossli, J.I., Bore, G.A., Skjult Ap-nettverk for oljeinteressene [Hidden Labour network for oil interests]. 2004, January 28, Dagsavisen, 6.
97. Underthun, A., Kasa, S., Reitan, M., Scalar politics and strategic consolidation: the Norwegian Gas Forum's quest for embedding Norwegian gas resources in domestic space. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian J. Geogr. 65:4 (2011), 226–237.
98. Unruh, G.C., Understanding carbon lock-in. Energ Policy 28:12 (2000), 817–830.
99. Vik, K.E., Demo 2020 – a Successful Norwegian Joint Offshore Wind Power Initiative?. (Master thesis), 2010, University of Oslo, Oslo.
100. Wicken, O., Kraft fra infrastruktur til marked [Power from infrastructure to market]. Hanson, J., Kasa, S., Wicken, O., (eds.) Energirikdommens paradokser: innovasjon som klimapolitikk og næringsutvikling, 2011, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 126–144.