메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 135, Issue , 2017, Pages 150-163

Reviewing, Reforming, and Rethinking Global Energy Subsidies: Towards a Political Economy Research Agenda

Author keywords

Energy policy; Subsidies; Subsidy; Subsidy reform

Indexed keywords

COST ANALYSIS; ENERGY POLICY; ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; FUEL; GOVERNMENT; POLICY ANALYSIS; POLICY REFORM; POLITICAL ECONOMY; RESEARCH WORK; SUBSIDY SYSTEM;

EID: 85012283688     PISSN: 09218009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.12.009     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (122)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 84952885932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Preface,” Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects
    • OECD Paris
    • Akasaka, K., “Preface,” Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects. 2007, OECD, Paris, 7–8.
    • (2007) , pp. 7-8
    • Akasaka, K.1
  • 2
    • 84973521564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The economic impact of phasing out energy consumption subsidies in GCC countries
    • (xxx, xxx–xxx)
    • Al Iriani, M.A., Trabelsi, M., The economic impact of phasing out energy consumption subsidies in GCC countries. J. Econ. Bus., 2016 (xxx, xxx–xxx).
    • (2016) J. Econ. Bus.
    • Al Iriani, M.A.1    Trabelsi, M.2
  • 3
    • 85012274171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Surveillance in the G-20 Fossil Fuel Subsidies Agreement: Lessons for Climate Policy
    • Harvard Kennedy School, Resources for the Future, National Bureau of Economic Research (August 19)
    • Aldy, J.E., Policy Surveillance in the G-20 Fossil Fuel Subsidies Agreement: Lessons for Climate Policy. 2014, Harvard Kennedy School, Resources for the Future, National Bureau of Economic Research (August 19).
    • (2014)
    • Aldy, J.E.1
  • 4
    • 84867139588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The unequal benefits of fuel subsidies: a review of evidence for developing countries
    • Arze del Granado, J., Coady, D., Gillingham, R., The unequal benefits of fuel subsidies: a review of evidence for developing countries. World Dev. 40 (2012), 2234–2248.
    • (2012) World Dev. , vol.40 , pp. 2234-2248
    • Arze del Granado, J.1    Coady, D.2    Gillingham, R.3
  • 6
    • 84902088892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Guidebook to Fossil-Fuel Subsidy Reform for Policy-Makers in Southeast Asia
    • Global Subsidies Initiative and the International Institute for Sustainable Development Manitoba, Canada
    • Beaton, C., et al. A Guidebook to Fossil-Fuel Subsidy Reform for Policy-Makers in Southeast Asia. 2013, Global Subsidies Initiative and the International Institute for Sustainable Development, Manitoba, Canada.
    • (2013)
    • Beaton, C.1
  • 7
    • 54749127728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will the friends of climate emerge in the WTO? The prospects of applying the fisheries subsidy model to energy subsidies
    • Bigdeli, S.Z., (eds.) Will the friends of climate emerge in the WTO? The prospects of applying the fisheries subsidy model to energy subsidies. Carbon Climate Law Rev., 2(1), 2008, 78–88.
    • (2008) Carbon Climate Law Rev. , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-88
    • Bigdeli, S.Z.1
  • 8
    • 84940776204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy, subsidies, and the WTO: where has the ‘green’ gone?
    • Bougette, P., Charlier, C., Renewable energy, subsidies, and the WTO: where has the ‘green’ gone?. Energy Econ. 51 (2015), 407–416.
    • (2015) Energy Econ. , vol.51 , pp. 407-416
    • Bougette, P.1    Charlier, C.2
  • 9
    • 84963739698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies?
    • available at (May)
    • Coady, D., Parry, I., Sears, L., Shang, B., How Large Are Global Energy Subsidies?. IMF Working Paper WP/15/105, 2015 available at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15105.pdf (May).
    • (2015) IMF Working Paper WP/15/105
    • Coady, D.1    Parry, I.2    Sears, L.3    Shang, B.4
  • 10
    • 81455134115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal Debt and interest costs
    • available at (December 14)
    • Congressional Budget Office, Federal Debt and interest costs. available at http://www.cbo.gov/publication/21960, 2010 (December 14).
    • (2010)
    • Congressional Budget Office1
  • 12
    • 84902284782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economic Cost of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
    • Haas Energy Institute Berkeley
    • Davis, L., The Economic Cost of Fossil Fuel Subsidies. 2013, Haas Energy Institute, Berkeley.
    • (2013)
    • Davis, L.1
  • 14
    • 84924097901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies
    • Institute for European Environmental Policy UK (March)
    • European Commission, Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies. 2007, Institute for European Environmental Policy, UK (March).
    • (2007)
    • European Commission1
  • 15
    • 85012281092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate: What's changed, what hasn't and what we can do about it — six months to COP21, 3 July 2015, London, United Kingdom
    • available at
    • Gurría, A., Climate: What's changed, what hasn't and what we can do about it — six months to COP21, 3 July 2015, London, United Kingdom. available at http://www.oecd.org/environment/climate-what-has-changed-what-has-not-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.htm.
    • Gurría, A.1
  • 17
    • 85012245505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Subsidies: The Ball is now in the WTO's Court
    • The Globe and Mail (April 2)
    • Howse, R., Energy Subsidies: The Ball is now in the WTO's Court. 2013, The Globe and Mail (April 2).
    • (2013)
    • Howse, R.1
  • 18
    • 57549091095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Energy Outlook
    • IEA, World Energy Outlook. 2008.
    • (2008)
    • IEA1
  • 19
    • 85012287388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IEA, http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/resources/energysubsidies/.
    • IEA1
  • 20
    • 84939785347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Studies on Energy Subsidy Reform — Lessons and Implications
    • IMF Washington, DC
    • IMF, Case Studies on Energy Subsidy Reform — Lessons and Implications. 2013, IMF, Washington, DC.
    • (2013)
    • IMF1
  • 21
    • 85012256529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Technology RD&D 2015Edition
    • International Energy Agency Paris
    • International Energy Agency, Energy Technology RD&D 2015Edition. 2015, International Energy Agency, Paris.
    • (2015)
    • International Energy Agency1
  • 22
    • 79151475960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving the G-20 Call to Phase out Subsidies to Fossil Fuels
    • Canada IISD (October)
    • International Institute for Sustainable Development, Achieving the G-20 Call to Phase out Subsidies to Fossil Fuels. 2009, Canada, IISD (October).
    • (2009)
    • International Institute for Sustainable Development1
  • 23
    • 84881124204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications
    • IMF New York (January)
    • International Monetary Fund, Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications. 2013, IMF, New York (January).
    • (2013)
    • International Monetary Fund1
  • 24
    • 84905632726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letters and responses: the real cost of wind energy
    • (November 2)
    • Jacobson, M.Z., Masters, G.M., Letters and responses: the real cost of wind energy. Science 294:5544 (2001), 1000–1003 (November 2).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , Issue.5544 , pp. 1000-1003
    • Jacobson, M.Z.1    Masters, G.M.2
  • 25
    • 84922378906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distributional impacts of removing energy subsidies in China
    • Jiang, Z., et al. The distributional impacts of removing energy subsidies in China. China Econ. Rev. 33 (2015), 111–122.
    • (2015) China Econ. Rev. , vol.33 , pp. 111-122
    • Jiang, Z.1
  • 26
    • 84924019779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking the scope and necessity of energy subsidies in the United Kingdom
    • Johnston, A., Heffron, R.J., McCauley, D., Rethinking the scope and necessity of energy subsidies in the United Kingdom. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 3 (2014), 1–4.
    • (2014) Energy Res. Soc. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 1-4
    • Johnston, A.1    Heffron, R.J.2    McCauley, D.3
  • 27
    • 84960125531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic LPG interventions in South Africa: challenges and lessons
    • Kimemia, D., Annegarn, H., Domestic LPG interventions in South Africa: challenges and lessons. Energ Policy 93 (2016), 150–156.
    • (2016) Energ Policy , vol.93 , pp. 150-156
    • Kimemia, D.1    Annegarn, H.2
  • 28
    • 84950325609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flip the switch: the impact of the rural electrification administration 1935–1940
    • (December)
    • Kitchens, C., Fishback, P., Flip the switch: the impact of the rural electrification administration 1935–1940. J. Econ. Hist. 75:04 (2015), 1161–1195 (December).
    • (2015) J. Econ. Hist. , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 1161-1195
    • Kitchens, C.1    Fishback, P.2
  • 31
    • 36048972630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsidies to energy industries
    • Koplow, D., Subsidies to energy industries. Enc. Energy 5 (2004), 749–764.
    • (2004) Enc. Energy , vol.5 , pp. 749-764
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 33
    • 36048972630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subsidies to energy industries
    • Koplow, D., Subsidies to energy industries. Enc. Energy 5 (2004), 749–765.
    • (2004) Enc. Energy , vol.5 , pp. 749-765
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 34
    • 84952885932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • “Energy,” Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects
    • OECD Paris
    • Koplow, D., “Energy,” Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects. 2007, OECD, Paris, 93–110.
    • (2007) , pp. 93-110
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 35
    • 0035701359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Federal fossil fuel subsidies and greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of increasing transparency for fiscal policy
    • Koplow, D., Dernbach, J., Federal fossil fuel subsidies and greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of increasing transparency for fiscal policy. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 26 (2001), 361–389.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. , vol.26 , pp. 361-389
    • Koplow, D.1    Dernbach, J.2
  • 36
    • 79955941339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear Power: Still not Viable Without Subsidies
    • Union of Concerned Scientists (February)
    • Koplow, D., Nuclear Power: Still not Viable Without Subsidies. 2011, Union of Concerned Scientists (February).
    • (2011)
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 37
    • 85012247791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global energy subsidies: scale, opportunity costs, and barriers to reform
    • A. Halff B.K. Sovacool J. Rozhon Oxford University Press Oxford
    • Koplow, D., Global energy subsidies: scale, opportunity costs, and barriers to reform. Halff, A., Sovacool, B.K., Rozhon, J., (eds.) Energy Poverty: Global Challenges and Local Solutions, 2014, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
    • (2014) Energy Poverty: Global Challenges and Local Solutions
    • Koplow, D.1
  • 38
    • 0003503488 scopus 로고
    • Federal Energy Subsidies: Energy, Environmental, and Fiscal Impacts
    • Alliance to Save Energy Washington, DC (April)
    • Koplow, D.N., Federal Energy Subsidies: Energy, Environmental, and Fiscal Impacts. 1993, Alliance to Save Energy, Washington, DC (April).
    • (1993)
    • Koplow, D.N.1
  • 41
    • 0043109608 scopus 로고
    • World fossil fuel subsidies and global carbon emissions
    • World Bank (October)
    • Larsen, B., Shah, A., World fossil fuel subsidies and global carbon emissions. WPS 1002, 1992, World Bank (October).
    • (1992) WPS 1002
    • Larsen, B.1    Shah, A.2
  • 42
    • 84930039040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fossil fuel subsidy reform, rent management and political fragmentation in developing countries
    • Lockwood, M., Fossil fuel subsidy reform, rent management and political fragmentation in developing countries. New Polit. Econ. 20:4 (2015), 475–494.
    • (2015) New Polit. Econ. , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-494
    • Lockwood, M.1
  • 43
    • 57549086407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Gulf's renewed oil wealth: getting it right this time?
    • See (December/January)
    • SeeMaloney, S., The Gulf's renewed oil wealth: getting it right this time?. Survival 50:6 (2008/2009), 129–150 (December/January).
    • (2009) Survival , vol.50 , Issue.6 , pp. 129-150
    • Maloney, S.1
  • 44
    • 85012252196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financing the Sustainable Development Goals Through Fossil-fuel Subsidy Reform: Opportunities in Southeast Asia, India and China
    • IISD Manitoba, Canada
    • Merrill, L., Chung, V., Financing the Sustainable Development Goals Through Fossil-fuel Subsidy Reform: Opportunities in Southeast Asia, India and China. 2015, IISD, Manitoba, Canada.
    • (2015)
    • Merrill, L.1    Chung, V.2
  • 46
    • 19744373800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The specter of fuel-based lighting
    • (May 27)
    • Mills, E., The specter of fuel-based lighting. Science 308 (2005), 1263–1264 (May 27).
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , pp. 1263-1264
    • Mills, E.1
  • 47
    • 79151474582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy subsidies: their magnitude, how they affect energy investment and greenhouse gas emissions, and prospects for reform
    • (June)
    • Morgan, T., Energy subsidies: their magnitude, how they affect energy investment and greenhouse gas emissions, and prospects for reform. Geneva: UNFCCC Secretariat Financial and Technical Support Programme, 2007 (June).
    • (2007) Geneva: UNFCCC Secretariat Financial and Technical Support Programme
    • Morgan, T.1
  • 48
    • 0003703644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perverse Subsidies: How Tax Dollars can Undercut the Environment and the Economy
    • Island Press Washington
    • Myers, N., Kent, J., Perverse Subsidies: How Tax Dollars can Undercut the Environment and the Economy. 2001, Island Press, Washington.
    • (2001)
    • Myers, N.1    Kent, J.2
  • 49
    • 28444465562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affordable Cleanup? Opportunities for Cost Reduction in the Decontamination and Decommissioning of the Nation's Uranium Enrichment Facilities
    • National Academies Washington, DC
    • National Research Council, Affordable Cleanup? Opportunities for Cost Reduction in the Decontamination and Decommissioning of the Nation's Uranium Enrichment Facilities. 1996, National Academies, Washington, DC.
    • (1996)
    • National Research Council1
  • 51
    • 0034537097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating incentives for environmentally enhancing technological change: lessons from 30 years of U.S. energy technology policy
    • Norberg-Bohm, V., Creating incentives for environmentally enhancing technological change: lessons from 30 years of U.S. energy technology policy. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 65 (2000), 125–148.
    • (2000) Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. , vol.65 , pp. 125-148
    • Norberg-Bohm, V.1
  • 52
    • 63149101206 scopus 로고
    • Problems, dilemmas, and the energy crisis
    • K.M. Gentemann Praeger New York
    • Orr, D.W., Problems, dilemmas, and the energy crisis. Gentemann, K.M., (eds.) Social and Political Perspectives on Energy Policy, 1981, Praeger, New York, 1–17.
    • (1981) Social and Political Perspectives on Energy Policy , pp. 1-17
    • Orr, D.W.1
  • 55
    • 85028668532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforming fossil fuel subsidies: drivers, barriers and the state of progress
    • (in press)
    • Rentschler, J., Bazilian, M., Reforming fossil fuel subsidies: drivers, barriers and the state of progress. Clim. Pol., 2016, 2016 (in press).
    • (2016) Clim. Pol. , vol.2016
    • Rentschler, J.1    Bazilian, M.2
  • 56
    • 4143154094 scopus 로고
    • Natural Resources Accounting
    • World Resources Institute Washington, DC
    • Repetto, R., Magrath, W.B., Natural Resources Accounting. 1988, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
    • (1988)
    • Repetto, R.1    Magrath, W.B.2
  • 57
    • 85012245547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US, China to publish fossil fuel subsidy peer reviews
    • (May)
    • Shuang, L., Hu, M., US, China to publish fossil fuel subsidy peer reviews. Climate Change News, 23, 2016 http://www.climatechangenews.com/2016/05/23/us-china-to-publish-fossil-fuel-subsidy-peer-reviews/ (May).
    • (2016) Climate Change News , vol.23
    • Shuang, L.1    Hu, M.2
  • 58
    • 71649086048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Price of Power: Poverty, Climate Change, the Coming Energy Crisis, and the Renewable Revolution
    • New Economics Foundation London
    • Simms, A., The Price of Power: Poverty, Climate Change, the Coming Energy Crisis, and the Renewable Revolution. 2004, New Economics Foundation, London.
    • (2004)
    • Simms, A.1
  • 59
    • 84952886500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Rural Energy Access and Environmental Conservation Challenges and Approaches in Myanmar
    • Yangon United Nations Development Program-Myanmar (March, 69 pp.)
    • Sovacool, B.K., Review of Rural Energy Access and Environmental Conservation Challenges and Approaches in Myanmar. 2012, Yangon, United Nations Development Program-Myanmar (March, 69 pp.).
    • (2012)
    • Sovacool, B.K.1
  • 60
    • 84949658277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel poverty, affordability, and energy justice in England: policy insights from the warm front program
    • (December)
    • Sovacool, B.K., Fuel poverty, affordability, and energy justice in England: policy insights from the warm front program. Energy 93 (2015), 361–371 (December).
    • (2015) Energy , vol.93 , pp. 361-371
    • Sovacool, B.K.1
  • 61
    • 84939861340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dirty little secrets: inferring fossil-fuel subsidies from patterns in emission intensities
    • Oxcarre Oxford
    • Stefanski, R., Dirty little secrets: inferring fossil-fuel subsidies from patterns in emission intensities. Research Paper No. 134, 2014, Oxcarre, Oxford.
    • (2014) Research Paper No. 134
    • Stefanski, R.1
  • 62
    • 85012307494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiscal Instruments in INDCs: How Countries are Looking to Fiscal Policies to Support INDC Implementation
    • International Institute for Sustainable Development Manitoba, Canada (December)
    • Terton, A., Gass, P., Merrill, L., Wagner, A., Meyer, E., Fiscal Instruments in INDCs: How Countries are Looking to Fiscal Policies to Support INDC Implementation. 2015, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Manitoba, Canada (December).
    • (2015)
    • Terton, A.1    Gass, P.2    Merrill, L.3    Wagner, A.4    Meyer, E.5
  • 63
    • 34548139500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Law in a Nutshell
    • West Publishing Company New York
    • Tomain, J.P., Cudahy, R.D., Energy Law in a Nutshell. 2011, West Publishing Company, New York.
    • (2011)
    • Tomain, J.P.1    Cudahy, R.D.2
  • 64
    • 84857530180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Aluminum Smelting Industry: Structure, Market Power, Subsidies, and Greenhouse gas Emissions
    • (January)
    • Turton, H., The Aluminum Smelting Industry: Structure, Market Power, Subsidies, and Greenhouse gas Emissions. 2002 (January).
    • (2002)
    • Turton, H.1
  • 65
    • 84949647701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weatherization Assistance Program: Executive Summary
    • DOE Washington, DC available at: (November)
    • U.S Department of Energy, Weatherization Assistance Program: Executive Summary. 2009, DOE, Washington, DC available at: http://waptac.org/data/files/website_docs/briefing_book/wap_programoverview_final.pdf (November).
    • (2009)
    • U.S Department of Energy1
  • 66
    • 85012280884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy Markets 2007
    • U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC (April, R/CNEAF/2008-01)
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration, Financial Interventions and Subsidies in Energy Markets 2007. 2008, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC (April, R/CNEAF/2008-01).
    • (2008)
    • U.S. Energy Information Administration1
  • 67
    • 85012294994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report to Congressional Committees, Uranium Enrichment: Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund is Insufficient to Cover Cleanup Costs
    • GAO Washington, DC
    • U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to Congressional Committees, Uranium Enrichment: Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund is Insufficient to Cover Cleanup Costs. 2004, GAO, Washington, DC.
    • (2004)
    • U.S. General Accounting Office1
  • 68
    • 84871753545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies to Meet Future Needs
    • U.S. GAO Washington, DC (December, GAO-07-106)
    • U.S. Government Accountability Office, Department of Energy: Key Challenges Remain for Developing and Deploying Advanced Energy Technologies to Meet Future Needs. 2006, U.S. GAO, Washington, DC (December, GAO-07-106).
    • (2006)
    • U.S. Government Accountability Office1
  • 69
    • 33745278160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy Subsidies: Lessons Learned in Assessing Their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms
    • UN Foundation New York
    • United Nations Environment Program, Energy Subsidies: Lessons Learned in Assessing Their Impact and Designing Policy Reforms. 2004, UN Foundation, New York.
    • (2004)
    • United Nations Environment Program1
  • 70
    • 10444226530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry and Economics and the International Energy Agency, Reforming Energy Subsidies: An Explanatory Summary of the Issues and Challenges in Removing or Modifying Subsidies on Energy That Undermine the Pursuit of Sustainable Development
    • UNEP and IEA New York and Paris
    • United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics and the International Energy Agency, Reforming Energy Subsidies: An Explanatory Summary of the Issues and Challenges in Removing or Modifying Subsidies on Energy That Undermine the Pursuit of Sustainable Development. 2002, UNEP and IEA, New York and Paris.
    • (2002)
    • United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology1
  • 71
    • 61749104162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industry and Economics, Reforming Energy Subsidies: Opportunities to Contribute to the Climate Change Agenda
    • UNEP New York
    • United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, Reforming Energy Subsidies: Opportunities to Contribute to the Climate Change Agenda. 2008, UNEP, New York.
    • (2008)
    • United Nations Environment Programme Division of Technology1
  • 72
    • 0003475163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public Subsidies and Policy Failures: How Subsidies Distort the Natural Environment, Equity, and Trade, and how to Reform Them
    • Edward Elgar Cheltenham
    • van Beers, C., de Moor, A., Public Subsidies and Policy Failures: How Subsidies Distort the Natural Environment, Equity, and Trade, and how to Reform Them. 2001, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
    • (2001)
    • van Beers, C.1    de Moor, A.2
  • 73
    • 85012262685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power Drain: Hidden Subsidies to Conventional Power in India
    • WISE Pune, India
    • World Institute of Sustainable Energy, Power Drain: Hidden Subsidies to Conventional Power in India. 2008, WISE, Pune, India, 15.
    • (2008) , pp. 15
    • World Institute of Sustainable Energy1
  • 74
    • 85012262685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power Drain: Hidden Subsidies to Conventional Power in India
    • WISE Pune, India
    • World Institute of Sustainable Energy, Power Drain: Hidden Subsidies to Conventional Power in India. 2008, WISE, Pune, India.
    • (2008)
    • World Institute of Sustainable Energy1
  • 75
    • 84871578153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilient royals: how Arab monarchies hang on
    • (October)
    • Yom, S.L., Gregory Gause, F., Resilient royals: how Arab monarchies hang on. J. Democr. 23:4 (2012), 74–88 (October).
    • (2012) J. Democr. , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 74-88
    • Yom, S.L.1    Gregory Gause, F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.