Resilient royals: How Arab monarchies hang on

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 74-88

  Yom, Sean L ^a   Gregory Gause III, F ^b  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871578153     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2012.0062     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Brian Whitaker, "God Save the Arab Kings?" Guardian, 27 April 2011.
2. If we disaggregate the federal UAE into its seven constituent parts, then effectively there are fourteen royal families in the Arab world with legally recognized claims over some territory.
3. Michael Hudson, Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), 166.
4. Manfred Halpern, The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963), 42.
5. Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968), 177-191.
6. Jean-Pierre Filiu, The Arab Revolution: Ten Lessons from the Democratic Uprising (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011).
7. Marina Ottaway and Marwan Muasher, Arab Monarchies: Chance for Reform, Yet Unmet (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2011).
8. Bernard Lewis, "Monarchy in the Middle East," in Joseph Kostiner, ed., Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2000).
9. Khalid al-Dakhil, "Mawqi' al-malakiyyat wa al-jumhuriyyat fi al-mashhad" [The situation of the kingdom and the republic in perspective], Al-Hayat, 26 June 2011.
10. Russell Lucas, "Monarchical Authoritarianism: Survival and Political Liberalization in a Middle Eastern Regime Type," International Journal of Middle East Studies 36 (February 2004): 103-119.
11. Michael Herb, "Princes and Parliaments in the Arab World," Middle East Journal 58 (July 2004): 367-384.
12. Michael Herb, All in the Family: Revolution, Absolutism and Democracy in Middle East Monarchies (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999).
13. The Federation of South Arabia, now the southern part of Yemen, was a British constructed collection of sheikhdoms and sultanates surrounding the Crown colony of Aden. It resembled the UAE but without oil. It did not survive Britain's withdrawal from its territory in 1967.
14. Dina Shehata, "The Fall of the Pharaoh: How Hosni Mubarak's Regime Came to an End," Foreign Affairs 90 (May-June 2011): 26-32.
15. Lisa Anderson, "Absolutism and the Resilience of Monarchy in the Middle East," Political Science Quarterly 106 (Spring 1991): 1-15.
16. Ottaway and Muasher, Arab Monarchies, 21.
17. The 2010 Bahraini census reported a citizen population of 568,399 out of a total population of 1,234,571, but the remainder consisted of foreign residents who did not participate in the 2011 protests.
18. Sharon Otterman and J. David Goodman, "Hundreds of Thousands Protest Across the Middle East," New York Times, 25 February 2011.
19. Charles Kurzman, The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004), 121.
20. J.E. Peterson, The Arab Gulf States: Steps Towards Political Participation (New York: Praeger, 1988), 16-21.
21. Though applicable to the developing world, the best exposition of this argument comes from American political development.
22. Martin Shefter, Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 6-7.
23. For more on the bargained nature of durable autocracies in Indonesia and Malaysia.
24. Benjamin Smith, Hard Times in the Lands of Plenty: Oil Politics in Iran and Indonesia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007).
25. Dan Slater, Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
26. F. Gregory Gause III, Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1994).
27. Whereas early work on oil politics suggested that rentier dependence undermined regime stability, more recent work reveals the opposite: How rulers redistribute their fiscal rents matters just as much as whether they have access to those rents in the first place.
28. Smith, Hard Times in the Land of Plenty.
29. Sean L. Yom, "Oil, Coalitions, and Regime Durability: The Origins and Persistence of Popular Rentierism in Kuwait," Studies in Comparative International Development 46 (June 2011): 217-241.
30. Lahcen Achy, "Why Did Protests in Algeria Fail To Gain Momentum?" Foreign Policy, 31 March 2011.
31. We are grateful to Marc Lynch for this telling counterfactual.
32. Sean L. Yom, "Jordan: Ten More Years of Autocracy," Journal of Democracy 20 (October 2009): 151-166.